17中考英语语法专题复习：宾语从句的用法(知识讲解、巩固练习).pdf

中考英语语法专题复习：宾语从句的用法【用法讲解】考试要求：宾语从句在中考中是重点考查内容，主要考查知识包括宾语从句的引导词、宾语从句的语序及宾语从句时态对应及否定迁移等。1.宾语从句的引导词在复合句子中，作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。例如：I want to know whose book this is.我想知道这是谁的书。宾语从句的引导词有三种：1）that；2）whether/if；3）特殊疑问词 what/when/where/who等。例如：He said that he could help me.他说他能够帮助我。Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？(1)以 that引导的宾语从句：that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that 没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，that 可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。Do you think(that)it will rain?你认为天会下雨吗？He said(that)he could come on time.他说他会准时来的。(2)以 whether或 if 引导的宾语从句：从属连词 if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和 if 意为“是否”。Let us know whether/if you can finish the work before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。I don t care whether you like the story or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。注意：以下情况一般只用whether不用 if。1)接带 to 的动词不定式。She doesn t know whether to go to the zoo.她不知道是不是去动物园。2)与 or not 连用时。I m not sure whether or not he will come on time.他能否准时来，我说不准。(3)特殊疑问词 what/when/where/who等引导的宾语从句：此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who,whom,whose,what,which等连接代词和 where,when,how,why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?请问我们得走哪个门？He didnt tell me how long he would stay here.他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。2.宾语从句的语序由 whether/if 和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。Where does your father work?Can you tell us?Can you tell us where your father works?你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？Did you get home very late?He asked me.He asked me if I got home very late.他问我是否到家很晚。3.宾语从句的时态对应(1)如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。例如：My teacher says he will be back in a week.（一般将来时）我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。My teacher says he is watching TV.（现在进行时）我的老师说他正在看电视。My teacher says he has seen the movie.（现在完成时）我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。(2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。例如：My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。My father said the he had already seen the movie.（过去完成时）我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。注意：如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth.（一般现在时）我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。4.宾语从句的否定转移主句如果是 I think/believe/imagine/suppose/guess/expect 等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：I don t think theyll wait to the last minute，will they？我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟，他们会吗？I don t believe he did this,did he?我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？【例题精讲】1.Jack,could you tell me _ for traveling this summer?We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan.A.where your family will go B.how will your family go C.how your family will go D.where will your family go 2.Could you tell me _?In August,2014.A.where will the Youth Olympic Games take place B.when will the Youth Olympic Games take place C.where the Youth Olympic Games will take place D.when the Youth Olympic Games will take place 3.Could you please tell me _?Of course.Many people in Shiyan know it.A.where is Mount Wudang B.how can I get to Wulong River C.what is Shenlongjia famous for D.if there will be a new airport in Shiyan 4.Do you know _?This afternoon.A.when will the policeman give us a talk B.where will the policeman give us a talk C.when the policeman will give us a talk D.where the policeman will give us a talk 5.I have some tickets for the basketball match.I wonder _.A.where you buy the tickets B.why you like to go there C.if youd like to come along D.when you watch the match 6She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthdayDo you know _?Awhat was it made of Bhow much did it cost Cwho buys it for her Dwhere she bought it 7.Do you know _ the meeting?Tomorrow morning.A.when they had B.when they are going to have C.when did they have D.when are they going to have 8.I didnt know _.A.when would the train arrive B.where could I get the book C.what has been done D.who left the message 9.Could you tell me_ yuanxiao in China?Usually at Lantern Festival.A.when do people eat B.how do people eat C.when people eat D.how people eat 10.I dont understand _ such a silly question in class yesterday.A.why did John ask B.why John asked C.why is John asking D.why John asks 11.Mum,can you tell me?I dreamed of him last night.Next week.A.when my dad comes back B.where my dad goes C.when my dad will come back D.where my dad will go 12 Could you please tell me_？By taking an online tourAin which way can I improve my writing skills Bhow I can travel around the world in eight hours Cwhat places of interest we can visit at a time Dhow should I get some more useful information 13 Could you please tell me _?About twenty minutes ago.Awhen did you see this kid Bwhere did you see this kid Cwhen you saw this kid Dwhere you saw this kid 14.Li Ming,do you know _ this year?It s on June 20th.A.when is the Dragon Boat Festival B.when is the Mid-autumn Festival C.when the Mid-autumn Festival is D.when the Dragon Boat Festival is 15I wonder.A.how will you celebrate Thanksgiving B.that the Water Festival is really fun.C.what do people eat on the Mid-Autumn Festival D.whether you will make resolution on New Years Day16.Ms.Petty,can you tell me _?Africa.A.what the baby giraffe likes eating B.why the baby giraffe looks unhappy C.when the baby giraffe was born D.where the baby giraffe came from 17.Do you know _?For a month.A.how long will she be away B.how long she will be away C.how often will she go there D.how often she will go there 18 Could you tell me _?Talking about festivals.Ahow they are playing Bwhat they are doing Cwhere they are going Dwhy they are practicing 19.Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.A.how happy was he B.how happy he was C.how was he happy D.how he happy was 20.Excuse me,Miss Chen,could you tell me _?It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.A.what the Belt and Road meant B.what does the Belt and Road mean C.what the Belt and Road means【答案与解析】1.A。句意：Jack，你能告诉我今天夏天你和家人将去哪里旅游吗？我们计划去海南看美丽的大海。本题考查宾语从句。根据题干中的回答“去海南看海”可排除 C、D 两项；又因为宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故选A 项。2.D。句意：你能告诉我青奥会什么时候举行吗？2014 年 8 月。根据问句 Could you tell me?可知，后面的特殊疑问句作tell 的宾语，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，排除A、B 两项；根据答语可知，问的是时间，排除C 项，故选 D 项。3.D。本句意为：你能告诉我十堰是否有一个新的飞机场吗？当然，许多十堰的人们都知道。从句的语序是陈述句语序“引导词+主语+谓语+”，故答案选 D。4.C。句意：你知道这个警察什么时候来给我们作报告吗？今天下午。宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A 和 B；又根据答语可知是对时间进行提问，故答案为 C 项。5.C。我有几张篮球赛的票。我想知道你是否愿意和我一起去。本题考查宾语从句。A、B、D 项均不符合题干中前后句的逻辑关系，故答案为C 项。6.D。句意：她过生日的时候买了一条漂亮的裙子作为礼物。你知道她在哪买的吗？宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A、B 两项。由第一句可知，买裙子是过去发生的事情，故宾语从句须用一般过去时，排除C 项。故答案为 D 项。7.B。句意：你知道他们什么时候开会吗？明天上午。tomorrow morning 为一般将来时的标志词，故可排除A、C 两项。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，排除 D 项，故选 B。8.D。句意：我不知道是谁留下的信息。宾语从句应该使用陈述句语序，而A、B 两个选项都是疑问句语序，故排除；C 选项时态不对，主句是过去时，从句也应用相应的过去时，故选D。9.C。根据答句我们发现问句应该提问何时吃元宵，那么排除B、D 选项；A、C 的区别在于语序不同，宾语从句一大考点就是语序，从句部分应为主谓正常语序，所以 A 错了。10.B。根据宾语从句的陈述语序，排除 A、C，再根据宾语从句的时态规律，可见主句是一般现在时understand，从句中出现 yesterday，则从句用一般过去时。11.C。句意：妈妈，你能告诉我，爸爸什么时候回来吗？我昨晚上梦到他了。下周。next week为一般将来时的标志词，故时态为将来时，可排除 A、B 两项。根据回答，可知询问的是时间，排除D 项。故选 C。12.B。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，排除 A、D 两项；由答语“By taking an online tour.”可知，问句询问的是“怎样”。how 意为“怎样，如何”，符合题意，故选B。13.C。宾语从句使用陈述语序，由此可排除 A、B 两项；由答语“About twenty minutes ago.”可知，询问的是时间，故选C。14.D。句意：李明，你知道今年端午节是什么时候吗？在 6 月 20日。the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节；the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节。根据回答可以推测是问的端午节，所以排除B、C。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，所以A 错误。故选 D。15.D。句意：我想知道你是否将在新年做决定。wonder后面可以连接if(whether)+宾语从句或者疑问词（how，when，why，what）+宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故选D。16.D。句意：佩蒂女士，你能告诉我那个小长颈鹿来自哪里吗？非洲。what the baby giraffe likes eating小长颈鹿喜欢吃什么；why the baby giraffe looks unhappy为什么小长颈鹿看起来不高兴；when the baby giraffe was born小长颈鹿什么时间出生的；where the baby giraffe came from小长颈鹿来自哪里。根据回答，可知问地点，故选D。17.B。根据宾语从句需要用陈述语序这一原则，排除答案A 和 C，根据答语可排除答案 D，故答案为 B。18.B。由答语“Talking about festivals.”可知，询问的是“他们正在做什么”。B项符合题意，故选B。19.B。此题考查 tell 后接 how 引导的宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序，故选 B。20.C。本题考查 tell 后接宾语从句，根据句意问“一路一带是什么意思”，宾语从句应为一般现在时陈述语序。【巩固练习】I单项选择。1Do you know _ the Capital Museum?Next Friday.A.when will they visit Bwhen they will visit C.when did they visit Dwhen they visited 2He wanted to know _ the English party.Awhen will we have Bwhen we will have Cwhen would we have Dwhen we should have 3I want to know _Awhen we should arrive at the airport Bwhen should we arrive at the airport Cwhen the airport we should arrive at Dwhen the airport should we arrive at 4David,look at the man in white over there.Can you tell me _?He is a doctor.AWho is he Bwho he is Cwhat is he Dwhat he is 5.I dont know when _.A.will the train leaveB.the train will leave C.would the train leave D.the train leave 6.Do you know what _ with Jim?A.is wrongB.wrong is C.wrong was D.the matter is 7.I want to know _.Why not go to the park?A.where I can go for a picnic B.where can I go for a picnic C.what I can go for a picnicD.what can I go for a picnic 8.I dont think he is right,_?A.do I B.isnt heC.is he D.don t I9.The teacher didnt say you would come,_?A.would you B.wouldn t youC.did sheD.didn t you10.Do you know_ daughter she is?A.whose B.whom C.what D.who 11.They wondered if the teacher _them some English songs the next week.A.would teach B.had taught C.will teach D.taught 12.He asked me if I knew_.A.whose pen was it B.whose pen it was C.whose pen it is D.whose pen is it 13.He told me _ Paris is the capital of France.A.which B.the C.that D.what 14.He asked me _ during the summer holiday.A.where I had gone B.where I had been C.where had I gone D.where had I been 15.Im not sure whether _ tomorrow.A.they will arrive B.will they arrive C.they arrive D.they have arrived II.根据汉语提示，用宾语从句补全下列句子。1.我不知道为什么她如此着迷Apple iphone4s。I don t know _ Apple iphone4s.2.我们给了她一些建议，但不知道她是否会接受。We ve given her some advice,but I dont know_.3.作为社会的一员，我们应该尽最大努力做我们应该做的。As society members,we should try our best to do_.4.请你告诉我怎么到中山公园好吗？好的。你可以坐公交车去那。Could you tell me_?Yes,you can go there by bus.5.汤姆在纽约呢还是已经回家了？对不起，我不确信是否他已经回来。Is Tom still in New York or already back at home?Sorry，I m not sure _.【答案与解析】I单项选择。1.B。句意：你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗?下周五。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故排除A、C 两项；又由答句可知应该用将来时，故排除D 项。2.D。句意：他想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。本题考查宾语从句的用法。当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应的过去时态，而A、B两项都是一般将来时，故被排除；宾语从句用陈述句语序，而C 项是疑问语序，也被排除。3.A。句意：我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。本题考查宾语从句。动词 know 后面接的是宾语从句，由宾语从句要用陈述语序可排除B 和 D 两项；又因为 C 项中 the airport的位置不对，故选A。4.D。句意：David，看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么的吗?他是医生。本题考查宾语从句。由答句可知询问的是职业，所以用疑问词 what；又因为宾语从句要用陈述句语序，故选D。5.B。本题是考查宾语从句的语序和时态的用法。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据说话人的意思可以判断是一般将来时。所以选择B。6.A。本题是考查宾语从句的语序用法。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，what 在宾语从句作主语，所以what is wrong 是陈述语序。同样如果D 改成 is the matter也是正确的。7.A。本题是考查宾语从句的语序用法，特殊疑问词where引导的宾语从句用陈述语序。从对话的答语可以判断特殊疑问词where引导宾语从句。8.C。本题是考查反意疑问句的用法。主句是I think 和后面的宾语从句构成复合句，其反意疑问句的主语、谓语和宾语从句保持一致，前面的句子是否定句，所以附加疑问句用肯定形式。9.C。本题是考查反意疑问句的用法。复合句的反意疑问句的主语、谓语和主句保持一致，这里主句是The teacher didnt say，而且是否定句，所以附加疑问句用肯定形式。10.A。句意为“你知道她是谁的女儿吗？”可知应该用 whose。11.A。从句的时态原本应该用一般将来时（因为时间状语是next week），但是由于主句的时态是一般过去时，因此从句的时态应该改为过去将来时，即would+动词原形。12.B。首先通过从句应该是陈述句语序这一点来排除A 和 D，然后由于主句的时态是过去时，因此从句也要用过去的时态，故选B。13.C。本题考查宾语从句的引导词that，可以省略，在从句中不作任何成分。14.B。首先，从句应该用陈述句语序，因此只能考虑A 或 B。然后根据题目的意思，他问我去了哪里，证明我已经回来的，问的是曾经去了哪里，因此用been to。15.A。该题中的 A,C,D 都是陈述句语序，都可以考虑；但是只有A 符合从句时态的要求，故选A。II.根据汉语提示，用宾语从句补全下列句子。1.why she is so crazy about2.whether shell accept it3.what we should do 4.how I can get to Zhongshan park 5.if he has been back 中考英语语法专项复习宾语从句宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。认真研读了近年来有关宾语从句的中考题，发现其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：语序、时态和连接词。考点分析思维导图记知识点一、宾语从句的定义由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子就是复合句。主句是全句的主体。从句是全句的一个成分，它在句子中作什么成分，就叫什么成分的从句。如作状语的就叫状语从句，作宾语的就叫宾语从句，作定语的就叫定语从句。初中阶段要求掌握状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句的简单用法。宾语从句二、宾语从句用法知识梳理【速记口诀】宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if，whether)替;特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。【妙语诠释】宾语从句应注意三点：引导词，陈述句一般由that 引导，这时的 that 可以省略;一般疑问句则由 if 或 whether 引导;而特殊疑问句则由特殊疑问词引导。时态，主句是现在时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态;但如果主句是过去时态，从句时态所表示时间一般往前移一个时间段。语序，宾语从句永远要用陈述句顺序三、宾语从句的引导词1.由 that引导的宾语从句。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中常常省略。He knew(that)he should work hard.2.如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if 或 whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，If 和 whether起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。如：I dont know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否将来这儿。注意：一般情况下，whether 和 if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用 if b.引导词与动词不定式或not 连用时，只用 whether.c.if 当如果讲时，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用 whether.3宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。由连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which等和连接副词 when,where,why,how等引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。四、宾语从句的语序1.在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词主语谓语其他”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。如：I want to know when the train left.我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。注意：有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：Whats wrong with.?Which is the way to.?What happened to you.?Whats the matter/trouble.?Who studies the hardest in your class?do you think 后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如：Who do you think he is talking with？你认为他正在和谁交谈？2.由 do，does，did 构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态作出相应的变化。如：“Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him.The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。3.如果是 will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态作相应的变化。如：“Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me.She asked me if(whether)I would be free tomorrow.她问我明天是否是空闲的。六、宾语从句的时态宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，这就是时态呼应。如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制；如果主句谓语的时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。Please tell us where he is.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.注意：当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。The teacher told us(that)the earth moves around the sun.宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况：主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。如：He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.他说他将让胡先生给吉姆一些工作。主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如：She said she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他说太阳比地球大。七、宾语从句的否定前移在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句为 I 或 we 时，从句中表示否定意义的not 应移到 think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如：I dont suppose he will come.我猜他不会来。【注意】如果主句主语不是I 或 we，则 not 不前移。如：She thinks she cant arrive there on time.她认为她不能按时到那儿。八、宾语从句和状语从句的区分1)I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.2)I dont know if the train has arrived.句 1）中 if 引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”，修饰主句。整个句子的意思是如果明天天气好，我就出去。句2）中 if 引导的是宾语从句，充当谓语动词 dont know 的宾语。整个句子的意思是我不知道火车是否到达。判断方法：1.可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外），宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。2.从引导词看。if 充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否”，充当状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。when 充当宾语从句的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当的时候”。3.从时态看。if 和 when 作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态作相应的变化。if 和 when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来。4.、人称的变化和标点的使用a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：(一主二宾三不变)“May I use your knife？”He asked me.He asked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me.He asked me if I know her telephone number.b.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk?I dont know.I don t know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live?Do you know where he lives?九、宾语从句的转化1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths.She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide 等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构”。例如：2-1-c-n-j-y I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell,show,teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构”,或者