高考英语作文写作指南《如何写高考英语说明文》.pdf

高考备考：如何写高考英语说明文高考在即，高考作文都是重头戏，如何写高考英语作文说明文，新东方老师拿一篇论文讲解说明文应该注意的说明顺序以及说明的常用方法，说明文用来解释或探讨各种问题，如机器的制造过程，自然现象或社会现象产生的原因，工程的规划或问题的解决方案等等。写说明文时应注意以下几点：1.说明的顺序。我们可以按以下三类顺序说明事物：1、时间顺序，即按事物的发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。2、空间顺序，即按事物空间位置的顺序，由上至下，由近及远或由里至外地说明。3、逻辑顺序，即按人们认识事物的规律进行说明，如由概括到具体，由整体到部分，由现象到本质，由表及里，由原因到结果，由主要到次要，由特点到用途等。2.语言的准确。说明文要求使用准确明晰的词语来说明事物的特征等，避免使用错误的或含混不清的语言。3.说明的方法。说明事物，我们常采用以下方法;1、定义法。定义法的目的是让不知此事物的人对此物有一个起码的了解，以利于下文的展开。如：A thermometer is an instrument used for measuring temperature.就是对 thermometer 下了一个定义。有些事物也许不好下个明确定义，但我们可以交待这个事物的背景，来源，或列举出它的一些典型特征，以便让读者明白。这类事物可以是术语，也可以是外国人所不了的中国的传统事物，如龙舟节等。2、举例说明法。举出具有代表性的例子，能够真切地说明事物，化抽象为具体，使段落变得有血有肉，丰富起来。举例时常用的表达有：for example(例如)，for instance(例如)，as an example of(作为的例子)，take for example(以为例)等。3、比较法。为了突出事物鲜明的特点，我们常把它与其他事物进行比较。比方说我们想向读者介绍什么是“电脑”，我们可以说“It s a kind of electrical or artificial(人工的)brain.”这样把电脑和人脑进行了比较，从而使人们对“电脑”有更清晰的认识。4、细节描述法。介绍一种事物，仅用概述性的词语如beautiful,friendly,boring,good 或 bad 是不够的。作者要提供一些细节，使被描述的对象更加形象具体，从而加深读者的印象。除上述几种方法外，我们还可以通过引经据典(即引用专家、名人等的话语)、列举数字等其他方法说明一件事物，从而使文章更加严密，内容更具有科学性，更有说服力。也可以综合运用多种方法。请看下面的例子：物体的重量 题材 请按以下提示，写一篇100词左右的短文，简述“物体的重量”这一概念。提示：地球上存在着一种吸引力(a force of attraction)，物体离地球越近，这种吸引力也就越大。这种吸引力叫做“地球引力(the force of gravity)”。作用于物体的地球引力被称为该物体的重量。范文 Weight of Object If you throw a ball up,it will come down again.What makes it come down?The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the earth.The earth has a force of attraction on all objects.Objects that are nearer to the earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are farther away.This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity.The gravitational force which is acting on an object at the earths surface is called the weight of the object.什么时候握手 题材 请根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇题为“什么时候握手”的短文。词数为100 左右。注意：不要逐字翻译。提示：1.第一次见面要握手;2.朋友好久没有见面要握手;3.不管谁要与你握手，你都不能拒绝，否则是不礼貌的;4.两人是同一性别的，年长的要先伸出手来;5.两人是不同性别的，要由女性先伸出手来。范文 When to Shake Hands Its necessary to shake hands when you first meet someone.And usually friends shake hands when they meet after not seeing each other for some time.If anyone offers to shake hands with you,you will of course shake hands it would be very bad manners to refuse.When two men or two women meet,it is usual for the older to put his or her hand first.When a man and a woman meet,it is the woman who first offers her hand.方便面用英语写一段文字说明介绍方便面(instant noodles)的优点及食用方法。优点包括：食用方便，不用烧煮，节省时间，是家庭和旅行佳品。食用方法(1)把面放入碗内;(2)加入汤料(汤料：soup stock);(3)冲入开水 500ml;(4)加盖 3 分钟;(5)即可食用。词数约 80字左右，要有标题。考前点拨 P146-147 How to Have Instant Noodles?Instant noodles is a kind of good food for home and traveling.It tasted good,and is easy to take because it doesnt need cooking.So it can save us a lot of time especially when we are busy or on travels.Now let me tell you how to have it.First,put noodles into a bowl,and soup stock as well.Second,pour in 500 ml boiling water.The water should be over the noodles.Then cover the bowl and keep the noodles covered for three minutes.Now,the noodles is ready to be taken.Please have a try for yourself.北京与伦敦的不同假定你是北京第一中学的英国学生苏珊(Susan)。你于 2001年 5 月 18日给在英国的朋友彼得(Peter)写一封信，谈北京与伦敦的异同。词数120 字左右。The No.1 Middle School Beijing May 1,1998 Dear Peter,Its May Day today and the day off.Im going to tell you something in China.In our country cars are driven on the left side of the road,but here on the right side.Many people of London go to work by car,while most people of Beijing go to work by bike.The climate of Beijing is better than ours,which is fine for long.But London has so many cloudy days.Workers in Beijing work five days a week just as in London.Students here work hard at their lessons and a lot of people can speak English.Its a pity that students in our country dont make full use of time and very few know Chinese.Thats all for today.Please write to me.Yours lovely Susan