45个基本介词的用法.pdf

45 个基本介词的用法 1、about prep （1）在到处，在各处 here and there eg:We wandered about the town for an hour or so.He looked about the room.（2）在附近 next to a place eg.She lives about the office.（3）关于 in connection with eg:a book about English study I dont know what you are talking about.adv （1）大约 close to eg:We left there about 10 oclock.It costs about 500 dollars.（2）到处，各处 eg:The children were rushing about in the garden.（3）在附近 eg:There is no food about.【常见搭配】作介词时的搭配:一.动词+(about+名词)（1）arrange(about sth)安排关于某事（2）argue(about sth)讨论某事（3）ask(about sth)询问关于某事（4）boast(about sb/sth)吹嘘.（5）care(about sb/sth)关心,对感兴趣 （6）chat(about sth)谈论某事（7）complain(about sb/sth)抱怨（8）dream(about sb/sth)梦见某人/某物（9）go(about sth)着手做.；从事.（10）hear(about sth)听说.（11）know(about sth)了解.（12）learn(about sth)得知某事（13）put(about sth)散布（谣言等）（14）quarrel(about sth)为.争吵（15）see(about sth)负责处理.（16）talk(about sth)谈论.（17）think(about sth)考虑.（18）warn sb(about sth)告诫某人关于某事（19）wonder(about sb/sth)对.好奇（20）worry(about sb/sth)对.担心 二、名词+(about+名词)（1）concern(about sb/sth)对的关心/关怀（2）curiosity(about sb/sth)对的好奇（3）doubt(about sb/sth)对的怀疑（4）ethusiasm(about sth)对的热情（5）information(about sb/sth)关于的信息（6）remark(about sth)对的评论（7）opinion(about sth)对的意见（8）view(about sb/sth)对.的观点 三、be+adj+(about+名词)（1）be angry(about sth)为而生气（2）be anxious(about sth)为忧虑 （3）be careful(about sth)当心（4）be cautious(about sth)谨防.；对.持谨慎态度（5）be certain(about sth)确信关于某事（6）be curious(about sth)对感到好奇（7）be disappointed(about sth)对感到失望（8）be excited(about sth)对感到兴奋（9）be glad/happy(about sth)对感到高兴 （10）be hopeful(about sth)对抱有希望（11）be crazy/mad/wild(about sth)对痴狂；酷爱某事（12）be nervous(about sth)为感到不安/因.感到紧张（13）be optimistic/positive(about sth)对.是积极乐观的（14）be particular(about sb/sth)对.讲究，挑剔（15）be sad(about sth)为而难过（16）be serious(about sth)对认真（17）be sorry(about sth)对.抱歉 作副词时的搭配:名词+动词+about（1）sth come about 某事发生（2）sth get about 某事（尤指消息等）传开（3）sb turn about 某人转身（4）sb wander about 某人徘徊，游荡（5）sb walk about 某人走来走去 2、above【原始含义】a-b-over“A 在 B 上方”【引申含义】prep.（1）在上方 at or to a higher place than sth/sb eg:The sun rose above the horizon.（2）数目大于/重量超过/价格（能力、more than sth.;greater in number,level or age than sb./sth.eg:There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.（3）重要性或质量超过、胜过 of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth eg.I rate her above most other players of her age.（4）声音超过 louder or clearer than another sound eg:I couldnt hear her above the noise of the traffic.（5）不至于，不屑于做某事 too good or too honest to do sth eg.She is above suspicion.【常见搭配】一、动词+(above+名词)（1）live(above ones income)入不敷出地生活（2）put A(above B)把 A 看得比 B 更重要（3）rise(above sth)克服.,不受.的影响（4）talk(above ones head)高深莫测地谈论 二、be+(above+名词)（1）be(above oneself)兴高采烈=be in ones high spirit（2）be(above ones head)难以理解/超出某人理解能力 3、across 【原始含义】a-grass“一片草坪”，across 指在平面上经过，就像人走过一片草坪那样。【引申含义】prep.（1）穿过 from one side to the other side eg:She walked across the road.（2）在.对面 on the other side of sth.eg:The bar is just across the street.（3）交叉 cross eg:He sat with his arms across his chest.（4）在.各处，遍及.everywhere eg.The opinion is common across the university.【常见搭配】动词+(across+名词)（1）A come(across B)A 偶遇 B（2）A cut(across B)A 走B 捷径；A 打断 B（3）A go(across B)A 穿过 B（4）A put(across B)A 解释清楚 B；A 把 B 送到对岸（5）A run(across B)A 横穿 B；A 偶然碰到 B 4、after【原始含义】“A 在 B 之后（强调顺序）”【引申含义】prep（1）在之后（时间顺序、空间顺序）later than sth;following sth in time eg:After dinner,they went out for a walk.（2）在后面，仅次于（按重要性）next to the following eg.Your name comes after mine in the list.（3）与对照、对比 in contrast to sth eg.It was cool after the heat outside.（4）照 着 的 样 子 following the example of sb/sth eg:Read the sentence after me,please.adv 后来、以后 later in time,afterwords eg:Soon after,she came back to her hometown.The prince and princess lived happily ever after.【常见搭配】作介词时的搭配 一、名词+动词+(after+名词)（1）A chase(after B)A 追赶/追求 B（2）A go(after B)A 追逐 B.（3）A look(after B)A照顾 B.（4）A model(after B)A 以 B为榜样、原型；A 效仿 B（5）A name(after B)A 用 B作名字.（6）A run(after B)A 追求/追赶/追逐 B.（7）A search(after B)A 研究 B.（8）A see(after B)A 照顾 B（9）A seek(after B)A 寻找 B.（10）A take(after B)A 与 B 相像.二、（after+名词）（1）(after a while)过了一会，不久（2）(after all)毕竟；终究（3）(after ones own heart)正合.的心意；5、against【原始含义】a-g-a“相对”【引申含义】prep（1）碰着、靠着 touching,close to or hitting sb/sth eg:She was leaning against a tree.（2）反对 opposing or disagreeing with sb./sth eg:We should fight against crimes.（3）预防 in order to prevent sth from happening eg:Save money against a rainy day.未雨绸缪（4）违反（违反法律、制度）eg:It is against the law to hunt tigers.（5）不利于 not to the advantage or favor of sb./sth eg:What he said is against him.（6）映衬 with sth in the background as a contrast Eg.The red flag stood out clearly against the blue sky.（7）和相比 in contrast to sth eg.You must weigh the benefits against the cost.【常见搭配】一、动词+(against+名词)（1）act(against sth)违反.（2）argue(against sth)为.而争辩/据理反对（3）compete(against sb)与某人比赛/竞争/对抗（4）decide(against sth/doing sth)考虑后不做某事/声明反对某事（5）declare(against sb/sth)表态反对.（6）fight(against sth)反对；与.做斗争（7）go(against sth)违反（8）inform(against sb)告发、检举某人（9）lean(against sth)靠着某物/斜靠某物（10）offend(against sth)违犯（11）press(against sth)压在上（12）protect(against sth)保护免受的伤害（13）prepare(against sth)防备（14）strike(against sth)罢工抗议.（15）struggle(against sb/sth)与.搏斗/反抗（16）turn(against sth)背叛 （17）vote(against sth)投票反对（18）warn sb(against sth)提醒某人提防某事 二、be+adj+(against+名词)（1）be prejudiced(against sb/sth)对.持有偏见（2）be proof(against sth)可防止的（3）be set(against sth)坚决反对.6、around【原始含义】a+round“A 在一个圆里面（在一定范围内）”【引申含义】prep（1）在周围,围绕 surrounding sb/sth eg:There are many bars around the town.（2）在附近，到处 in or to many places eg:I showed him around our campus.adv（1）大约 approximately eg:There are around 1000 people watching the game.（2）在周围 eg:How can you make the wheel go around?（3）在附近、到处 eg:I ran around to find him.【常见搭配】作介词时 一、动词+(around+名词)（1）center(around sth)以.为中心,集中于.（2）look(around sth)环顾.；游览.；（3）wrap(around sth)缠绕住；环绕.；二、around+名词（1）(around the corner).靠近、临近、快来了；（2）(around the clock)日夜不停地；夜以继日地 作副词时 名词+动词+around（1）sb gaze around 某人向四周看，环视（2）sth get around 某事（尤指消息、谣言等）走动、流传（3）sb/sth turn around 某人或某物转身 7、at【原始含义】“在场所，时间上的一点”【引申含义】prep.（1）小地点,或小时间点 used to say where sb/sth is or when sth happens eg:Usually,he is(at his office)(in the morning).She went to school(at 8 oclock)(in the morning).（2）在几岁时 the age(at which sb does sth)eg:She was married(at 23).（3）向，朝某人或某物 in the direction towards sb/sth eg:Dont point at me.knock at the door,shoot at the tiger,aim at the enemy （4）从相隔远的地方 the distance away from sth eg:Can you read that poster(at fifty miles)?Youd better keep him(at a distance).（5）处于某种状态 the situation sb/sth is in eg:Mr.Smith is(at lunch).The country is(at war).Bill was(at his best)in college.(at ones best:某人的辉煌时期)（6）在某方面 in terms of eg:I am not good(at football).（7）表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因 to show the cause of sth eg:He showed no sign of pleasure(at seeing her).I was delighted(at the result)+.【常见搭配】一、动词+(at+名词)（1）aim(at sth)以为目标；瞄准；针对；（2）arrive(at sth)到达某地或某种程度（3）blush(at sth)对.感到脸红；（4）come(at sb/sth)攻击某人；发现某事（5）fire(at sth)向.开火（6）gaze(at sb/sth)凝视,注视.（7）get(at sth)到达,接近.；着手.；暗指.；意知.;（8）glance(at sb/sth)一瞥，扫视.（9）glare(at sb/sth)对.怒目而视（10）grab/grasp(at sb/sth)抓住.（11）knock(at sth)敲 （12）laugh(at sb)嘲笑某人（13）look(at sb/sth)看（14）point(at sb/sth)指向/瞄准/针对（15）run(at sb/sth)向某人冲去；达到某种水平（16）shoot(at sth)朝射击（17）shout(at sb)朝某人喊叫（18）smile(at sb)向某人微笑（19）target(at sb/sth)瞄准，以为目标（20）wonder(at sth)对好奇/对感到吃惊（21）yell(at sb)对某人大喊大叫 二、(at+名词)（1）(at the age)(of some number)在几岁（2）(at an altitude)(of some number)在某个高度（3）(at the cost/expense)(of sth)以.为代价（4）(at the end)(of sth)在.的结尾（5）(at the request)(of sb)应某人的请求（6）(at the risk)(of sth/doing sth)冒着.的风险（7）(at the sight)(of sb/sth)一看见.（8）(at a speed)(of some number)以.的速度（9）(at the thought)(of sb/sth)一想到.（10）(at birth)出生时（11）(at bottom)其实，实际上（12）(at ones command)听候的差遣（13）(at the corner)在拐角处（14）(at dawn/daybreak)在黎明,在拂晓（15）(at a discount)减价、折扣（16）(at first)最初，开始时（17）(at hand)在手边，即将发生（18）(at home)在家/国内 （19）(at large)自由，逍遥法外（20）(at length)详细地（21）(at last)最后，终于（22）(at least)至少，起码（23）(at leisure)有空，闲暇时（24）(at the moment)现在，眼下.（25）(at any price)不惜任何代价，无论如何（26）(at one time)过去，曾经，一度（27）(at the same time)同时（28）(at work)在工作 三、be+adj+(at+名词)（1）be angry(at sb/sth)对.生气（2）be competent(at sth)在.方面有能力（3）be delighted(at sth)对.感到非常高兴（4）be disappointed(at sb/sth)对.感到失望（5）be dissatisfied(at sb/sth)对.不满意（6）be expert(at sth/doing sth)专长，擅长于，精通（7）be skilled(at sth/doing sth)在.方面有技能，熟练（8）be gifted(at sth/doing sth)在.有天赋（9）be good(at sth/doing sth)擅长.（10）be hopeless(at sth/doing sth)对.感到绝望；对.一筹莫展（11）be mad(at sb/sth)对.愤怒（12）be surprised(at sb/sth)对.感到吃惊（13）be terrfied(at sth/doing sth)被.惊吓（14）be weak(at sth/doing sth)在.方面欠缺，差 8、before 【原始含义】be+fore“在之前“（时间、空间、顺序）”【引申含义】prep.（1）时间上 earlier in time eg:Please come back(before 10:00pm).（2）空间上 earlier in position eg:Dont put the cart(before the horse).（3）顺序上 earlier in order or arrangement eg:Health should come(before wealth).（4）当（某人）面 in the presence of sb eg:She charged him of murder(before the jury).【常见搭配】：一、动词+(before+名词)（1）A come(before B)A 在 B 之上，比 B 更重要（2）complain(before sb)在某人面前控诉（3）go(before sb)出现在某人面前（4）put/set A(before B)把 A看的比 B 重要（5）stand(before sb/sth)站立在前面 二、（before+名词）（1）(before day)破晓之前（2）(before long)不久以后（3）(before ones eyes)当着某人的面（4）(before time)提前（5）(before the wind)顺风（6）(before the world)在众人面前 9、behind【原始含义】be+hide “在之后”【引申含义】prep （1）空间上，在后面 at the back of sb/sth eg:A dog is running(behind us).A dog is running(after us).（2）是产生的原因 responsible for stating or developing sth eg:There must be someone(behind it).Whats(behind that happy smile)?（3）时间上，在之后 sth is in the past eg:New York is 12 hours(behind Beijing)(in time).(4）能力上，在之后 making less progress than sb./sth eg:Hes(behind the rest of others)(in reading).（5）支持，赞成 giving approval of sth eg:My mother is always(behind me)(whatever decision I make).adv 在后面，在远处 eg:She rode(along the street)(with her dog)(running behind).作介词时：一、动词+(behind+名词)（1）fall/lag(behind sb/sth)落在后面（2）go(behind sth)进一步斟酌 They will go behind the decision.二、（behind+名词）（1）(behind bars)在狱中（2）(behind sbs back)在背后（3）(behind the schedule/time)晚点、推迟（4）(behind the times)过时、落伍 作副词时：（1）sb stay/remain behind 某人（在他人走后）逗留，留下（2）sb wait behind 某人（在别人走后）留下（3）leave sth/sb behind 忘带，留下某物；超越某人 10、beside【原始含义】be+side“在边上”【引申含义】prep.（1）在.旁边 next to;by the side of eg:a town(beside the sea)She sat(beside the teacher).（2）与.相比 compared with eg:My work is so poor(beside yours).【常见搭配】（beside+名词）（1）(beside oneself)高兴的不得了（2）(beside the point)离题，不中肯；与无关 11、besides【原始含义】beside+s“除外，还有”in addition to sb/sth prep eg:There were two other students(in the classroom)(besides Tom).【常见搭配】besides+名词/动名词 eg:We have a lot(in common)(besides music).(Besides working)(as a doctor),he also writes a lot of stories.12、between【原始含义】be-two-in“在两者之间”【引申含义】prep.（1）空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间 in the middle of two things in terms of space,time,order,class etc.eg:(Between two strange buildings)stands a tree.His age is(between sixty and seventy).（2）表示两者之间的某种关系 to show a connection or relationship eg:He has to decide(between life and death).There is a great difference(between the two articles).You should learn between lines（字里行间）.（3）合用、共享 shared by two or more people or things eg:This is a secret(between you and me).（仅在我们俩之间）.We drank a bottle of wine(between us).【常见搭配】一、动词+(between+名词)（1）draw a clear dividing line(between sth)明显区分（2）make a difference(between sb/sth)区别对待（3）read(between lines)读出字里行间的言外之意（4）stand(between sth/sb)阻碍 二、名词+(between+名词)（1）balance(between A and B)A 和 B 的均衡 We should always consider the balance(between cost and benefit).（2）connection(between sth/sb)某人或某物之间的联系 13、beyond【原始含义】be+yond“（在彼处）“在之外”【引申含义】：prep.（1）在较远的一边 on the further side of sth eg:The village is beyond the mountain.（2）时间上晚于 later than a particular time eg:It wont go on(beyond midnight).（3）超出某人的能力范围，非所及 far too advanced for sb eg:The bag is(beyond my reach).（4）表示是不可能的 to say that sth is impossible eg:The bicycle is(beyond repair).【常见搭配】一、(beyond+名词)（1）(beyond ones ability/strength/power)超越某人的能力（2）(beyond belief)难以置信（3）(beyond comparison)无法比喻（4）(beyond cure)无可救药（5）(beyond control)无法控制（6）(beyond doubt/suspicion)不容置疑（7）(beyond ones wildest dreams)做梦也想不到 （8）(beyond ones endurance)无法忍受（9）(beyond expression)无法表达 （10）(beyond imagination)超出想象（11）(beyond measure)无法估量（12）(beyond praise)赞美不完，称赞不绝（13）(beyond price)极其珍贵，无价的 （14）(beyond ones reach)在某人够不着的地方（15）(beyond reason)不合理（16）(beyond recognition)难以认出（17）(beyond repair)无法修复（18）(beyond the seas)到海外（19）(beyond understanding)难以理解（20）(beyond words)无法形容 She is very beautiful.She is elegant.Her beauty is beyond words.（21）(beyond sb)为某人所不能理解 二、动词+(beyond+名词)（1）go(beyond sth)超出.,超过.（3）see(beyond sth)预料.；预见.14、by【原始含义】“在旁边”【引申含义】prep.（1）在旁边 at the side of eg:We prefer a table(by the window).（2）不迟于，在之前 before eg:We have studied several prepositions(by now).I shall have finished the work(by the time you return).（3）表示方式 in which way sth is done eg:I go to school(by bus).（4）通过;根据 according to sth eg:He can tell the direction(by the stars).Dont judge a person(by his looks).（5）按计算 the degree or amount of sth eg:Eggs are usually sold（by dozen）.The temperature has risen（by 5 degrees）.（6）由于 as a result of eg:They met(by chance).I did it(by mistake).（7）被 used eg:He was shocked(by what he had seen).（8）表示触及或抓住人物的部分 used to show the part of sb that another person catches eg:I seized her(by the hair).（9）表示逐步推进;the rate sth happens eg:He is making progress(day by day).（10）以的名义 in the name of eg:I swear(by Almighty God)(that I will never betray my country).adv.（1）经过 past eg:Time goes by quickly.He hurried by(without speaking to me).（2）短暂拜访 eg:Please drop by(when it is convenient)(for you).【常见搭配】作介词时：一、by+名词（1）(by accident/chance)偶然地（2）(by coincidence)巧合地（3）(by all means)想尽一切办法、一定要（4）(by means)(of sb/sth)借助于（5）(by no means)绝不，一点儿也不（6）(by appearance)从外表（7）(by comparison)相比之下（8）(by contrast)对比之下（9）(by definition)根据定义，实质上（10）(by hand)人工地（11）(by heart)靠记忆，背诵（12）(by mistake)错误地（13）(by nature)天性上，本质上（14）(by turns)轮流地（15）(by the way)顺便说一下 二动词+（by+名词）（1）come(by sth)(尤指通过努力）获得;偶然得到（2）go(by sth)顺便走访（3）judge sb/sth(by sth)通过判断，断定某物或某人（4）live(by sth)以.为生计；遵守，遵循（5）pass(by sth)经过；不考虑，回避（6）profit(by sth)从中获益（7）swear(by sb/sth)极其信赖某人；对某物发誓（8）take sb(by sth)抓住某人的某个部位（9）tell(by sth)根据判断，推断 三、be+过去分词+（by+名词）（1）be characterized(by sth)以为特征（2）be disgusted(by sth)对厌恶（3）be distracted(by sb/sth)精力被分散（4）be replaced(by sb/sth)被取代 四、名词+by+名词（1）bit by bit 一点一点地，逐渐地（2）day by day 一天一天地，逐日（3）inch by inch 一点一点地（4）little by little 逐渐（5）one by one 一个接一个（6）side by side 并肩（7）step by step 按部就班地（8）year by year 年年，逐年 作副词时：名词+动词+by （1）sb drop by 某人顺便访问（2）sb get by 某人勉强接受；设法勉强生存（3）sb stand by 某人袖手旁观（4）sb stop by （顺便）过访，串门 15、despite【原始含义】“尽管、不顾”=in spite of eg:The old professor kept on working（despite his poor health）.【常见搭配】prep.（1）despite sth/doing sth 尽管某事，尽管做了某事 eg:He failed（in the exam）（despite all the efforts）.（Despite applying for hundreds of jobs）,he is still out of work.（2）despite the fact that+句子 尽管事实是 eg.She kept learning French despite the fact that she found it difficult （3）despite oneself 尽管不愿意 eg.He had to laugh despite himself.16、down【原始含义】“向下”【引申含义】prep(1)表示自上而下，向下，往下 from top to bottom eg: