现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时.pdf

word 文档 知识点：现在完成时 一.一般现在时用法：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 e.g.Yesterday I finished my homework,thats to say,I have finished my homework now.过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 e.g.I have lived here since 1990.二.现在完成时的构成 have/has+过去分词 三.现在完成时的四个根本句型 肯定句 He has finished the work.一般疑问句 Has he finished the work?否认句 He has not finished the work.两回答 Yes,he has./No,he hasnt.特殊疑问句 What has he done?四.在如下情形下用现在完成时 1九词语 already 已经 肯定句中或句尾 e.g.I have already found my pen.=I have found my pen already.yet 已经 否认句和疑问句句尾 e.g.I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a puter yet?ever 曾经 句中 e.g.Have you ever seen pandas?never 从不 句中 e.g.I have never been to Beijing.just 刚刚 句中 e.g.I have just done my work.word 文档 before 以前 句尾 e.g.I have never been there before.so far 到目前为止 e.g.So far he has learnt 200 words.how long 多久 e.g.How long have you lived here?how many times 多少次 e.g.How many times has he been to Beijing?2两词组 havegone to 去了某地 例：He has gone to Beijing (去了)havebeen to 去过某地 例：He has been to Beijing.(去过)3两结构 for two months for+一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last year since+过去点时间 Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years ago since 1990 since he came here since+过去时态句子 He has been in China since he came here.4如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经，往往用现在完成时态。e.g.Have you lost your library book?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？5现在完成时态还常常用于如下句型 They have planted many trees in the last few years.在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。This is the best book I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。word 文档 It is the first time I have played the puter games.这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。五.在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 e.g.He has bought the book for 3 years.错 因 buy 这个一次性动词不能和一段时间 for 3 years 连用,改正的方法有五种：He has bought the book.(去掉一段时间 for 3 years)He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)Its 3 years since he bought the book.=3 years has passed since he bought the book.改为固定句型 It is-since-He has not bought the book for 3 years.改为否认句 He has had the book for 3 years.用延续性动词 have 代替 buy 六.还有其他一次性动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种方法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不一样，举例如下：e/arrive/get to/reach be here 例：I have e here for 3 years.错 改为：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away 例：He has left for 3 hours.错 改为：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on word 文档 例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.错 改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.open be open/close be closed 例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错)改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead 例：His father has died for 3 years.(错)改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over 例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错)改为：The work has been over for 3 days join 例：I have joined the army for 3 years.错 改为：I have been in the army for 3 years.或 I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy/catch have e.g.I have bought the bike for 3 years.错 改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.e.g.He has caught a cold for 3 days.错 改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep e.g.I have borrowed the book for 3 years.错 改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.还有其它的归纳如下：break be broken get up be up word 文档 marry be married bee be lose be lost 七.延续性动词和终止性动词 延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live 终止性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即完毕，产生某种结果。在有了某种结果后，动作就不能再继续下去。如：leave,start,set out,arrive,reach,get to,begin,stop,shut,turn off,marry,put,put on,get up,wake,fall,join,meet,receive,finish,end,plete,bee,e,go,die,open,close,break,give,jump,buy,borrow 八.终止性动词不能和一段时间状语连用。He has died for three days.错，终止性动词 die 不能和一段时间 for three days 连用 同步练习：单项选择题 1、Both his parents look sad.Maybe they _whats happened to him.A.knew B.have known C.must know D.will know 2、He has _ been to Shanghai,has he?A.already B.never D.still 3、Have you met Mr.Li _？A.just B.ago C.before D.a moment ago 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year.A.is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written word 文档 5、Our country _ a lot so far.Yes.I hope it will be even _.A.has changed;well B.changed;good C.has changed;better D.changed;better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years.A.was;studying B.will;study C.has;studied D.are;studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl.A.know B.had known C.have known 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film.I_ it twice.A.will see B.have seen C.saw 9、These farmers have been to the United States.Really?When _ there?A.will they go B.did they go they go D.have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet?Yes.I _ it a moment ago.A.Did;do;finished B.Have;done;finished C.Have;done;have finished D.will;do;finish 知识点：过去完成时 一过去完成时结构：had+过去分词 。二过去完成时的用法：word 文档 过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去 e.g.When we got to the station,the train had left.当我到车站的时候，火车已经离开了。By the end of last week,he had learnt 1000 words.到上个星期尾为止，他已经学了 1000 个单词。过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间为止的动作或状态 e.g.He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China.他说自从他来中国，他已经交了几个朋友。同步练习：单项选择题：1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A.where I had been B.where I had gone C.where had I been D.where had I gone 2.What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A.did,do B.has,done C did,did.D.had,done 3.I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A.learned B.was learning C.had learned D.learnt 4.She _lived here for _ years.A.had,a few B.has,several C.had,a lot of D.has,a great deal of 5.By the time my parents reached home yesterday,I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B.cooked C.have cooked D.was cooked 6.She said she _ the principle already A.has seen B.saw C.will see D.had seen word 文档 7.She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A.has hidden,from B.had hidden,from C.has hidden,with D.had hidden,with 8.By the time he was ten years old,he _.A.has pleted university B.has pleted the university C.had pleted an university D.had pleted university 9.She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A.for B.in C.by D.at 10.He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned,piano B.had learned,the piano C.has learned,the piano D.learns,piano.知识点：现在完成进展时 一、现在完成进展时的定义 现在完成进展时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。e.g.Those cats have been screaming for hours.那些猫叫了半天了。二、现在完成进展时的结构:have/has been+现在分词 e.g.I have been waiting for an hour and a half.我一直等了一个半小时了。三、现在完成进展时主要用法 1.表示“持续：即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进展。如：e.g.The children have been having a lot of fun.孩子们一直玩得很开心。e.g.She is very tired.Shes been working all morning.她很累。她干了一早晨了。word 文档 2.表示“重复 即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的屡次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进展。e.g.Weve all along been making mistakes like this.我们一直犯这样的错误。四、与现在完成进展连用的主要时间状语 现在完成进展时所用的时间状语：all day/month;this month/week/year;these days;recently/lately;in the past few+时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段，等等。e.g.He has been working all day.他整天都在工作。They have been building the bridge for two month.两个月来他们一直在修桥。He has been sleeping for ten hours.他已经睡了十个小时了。The two parties have been trying to unite since the New Year.自从新年以来，双方就一直在试图联手。拓展：现在完成进展时与现在完成时的区别 1.现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进展时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进展时。如：He has changed his idea.他改变了想法。2.在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进展时，但现在完成进展时强调动作的进展。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进展时。如：We have been studying here for two years.我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。在许多情况下，现在完成时表示动作已经完成，而现在完成进展时却并非如此。如：He has cleaned the window.他把窗户擦干净了。(动作已完成)He has been cleaning the window.他一直在擦窗户。(动作不一定完成)4.有些静态动词只能用于现在完成时，一般不能用于现在完成进展时。如：word 文档 The war has lasted for a long time.这场战争持续了很长时间。5.现在完成时与现在完成进展时的相通性：在表达一个从过去开始而现在仍在继续或刚刚完毕的动作时，某些动词既可以用现在完成时，也可以用现在完成进展时，如 expect,hope,learn,lie,live,look,rain,sleep,sit,snow,stand,stay,study,teach,wait,want,work等。如：你学习英语多久了?正：How long have yon learnt English?正：How long have you been learning English?他已经睡了十个小时了。正：He has slept for ten hours.正：He has been sleeping for ten hours.同步练习：单项选择题 1.Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.I think so.He _ for it for months.A.is preparing B.was preparing C.had been preparing D.has been preparing 2.By the time he realizes he _ into a trap,itll be too late for him to do anything about it.A.walks B.walked C.has walked D.had walked 3.So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.A.saw B.see C.had seen D.have seen 4.Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School,where she_ English for a year.word 文档 A.studies B.studied C.is studying D.has been studying 5.Danny _ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A.works B.is working C.has worked D.had worked 6.I have got a headache.No wonder.You_ in front of that puter too long.A.work B.are working C.have been working D.worked 7.The unemployment rate in this district_ from 6%to 5%in the past two years.A.has fallen B.had fallen C.is falling D.was falling 8.Now that she is out of job,Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.A.had considered B.has been considering C.considered D.is going to consider 9._ you _ him around the museum yet?(2007 某某)Yes.We had a great time there.A.Have shown B.Do show C.Had;shown D.Did;show 10.Hi,Tracy，you look pale.I am tired.I _ the living room all day.A.painted B.had painted C.have been painting D.have painted 四、课堂小结(10 分钟 和学生一起回顾本节课所学知识：现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进展时的结构、用法与须知事项。word 文档 五、作业布置 一单项选择题。1His father _ the Party since 1978.A.joined B.has joined C.was in D.has been in 2.Do you know him well?Sure.We _ friends since ten years ago.A.were B.have been C.have bee D.have made 3How long have you _ here?About two months.A.been B.gone C.e D.arrived 4.Hurry up!The play _ for ten minutes.A.has begun B.had begun C.has been on D.began 5.It _ ten years since he left the army.A.is B.has C.will D.was 6.What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A.did,do B.did,did C.has,done D.had done 7.He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A.has worked B.works C.had worked D.will work 8.By the end of last week,they _ the bridge.A.has pleted B.pleted C.will plete D.had pleted 9.Ben hates playing _ violin,but he likes playing _ football.word 文档 A.athe B.the the C./the D.the/10.By the time he was 4,he _ a lot of German words.A.had learned B.has learned C.learned D.learns 二用括号里面的正确形式填空。1.You know,I _(look)for a job for three months,and this is my first formal interview.2.My sister _(stay)in Beijing for three months last year.3.The little boy is dirty all over because he _(play)in the mud all the morning.4.I _(wonder)if you were free this afternoon.5.Here he is!We _(wait)anxiously for him since last night.6.We _(paint)the house before we _(move)in.7.That rich old man _(make)a will before he _(die).8.They _(study)the map of the country before they _(leave).9.The robbers _(run away)before the policemen_ (arrive).10.I _(turn off)all the lights before I _(go)to bed.三按要求完成如下各题 1.They have been here since 2000.(对划线局部提问)have they been here?2.The old man _ last year.He for a year.(die)动词填空 3.This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)word 文档 This factory _ for twenty years.4.Jack didnt go to the cinema because he had seen the film.对划线局部提问 _.5.We had had the toys for ten years before we gave them to the child.对划线局部提问 _.同步练习答案：现在完成时：1-5：ADCAA 6-10：DBDCB 过去完成时：1-5：ADCAA 6-10：DBDCB 现在完成进展时：1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CABA C 课后作业答案：一选择题：1-5:DBACA 6-10:DCDDA 二用括号里面的正确形式填空。1.have been looking 2.stayed 3.has been playing/has played 4.wondered 5.have been waiting 6.had painted.moved 7.had made.died 8.had studiedleft 9.had run away.Arrived 10.had turned off went 三按要求填空 word 文档 1.How long 2.died,has been dead 3.has been open 4.Why didnt Jack go to the cinema?5.How long had you/we had the toys before you/we gave them to the child?