高考英语名词知识点易错题汇编含答案.pdf

高考英语名词知识点易错题汇编含答案(6)一、选择题 1Hawking owned a brilliant intellect with a deep _ for humanity,which enabled him to overcome his terrible disease and become a famous scientist.Aaid Bconcern Cglory Dbasis 2In old China,parents demanded complete _ from their children.Aambition Bobedience Ceducation 3One of the Disney cartoon characters,Donald Duck,is always quick to find _ with others and brings laugher to people of all ages.Amistake Berror Cblame Dfault 4Many scientists have believed that there may be a _ of life on the Mars.Asignal Bsign Cmark Dsigh 5If you want to get a good _,youd better stand on the top of the hill.Asight Bscene Clook Dview 6Since 1949,the peoples living standard _,causing a big _ in population.Ahas been raised;rise Bhas been risen;raise Chas raised;rise Dhas raised;rose 7Enough of it!Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any _.Aexcuse Bsense Cuse Dvalue 8No _ has proved that eating too much is the main cause of the weight problem.Adoubt Bwonder Cevidence Dbelief 9The practice of hanging flags is a common _ in many parts of the country on National Day.Asight Bscenery Csign Dsignal 10I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first _.Aattempt Bexperiment Cflight Dglance 11-Whats new?-The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival travel _,also known as chunyun,will _ on Jan 10 and end on Feb 18.Adash;kick out Brush;kick off Cflow;kick in Djam;kick up 12Lulu grew up in the _ of her high-performing sister,Sophia.Aprotection Bgesture Cshadow 13The painful experience left her emotionally drained,but she is not the sort of _woman to be defeated by a of fate.Adamage Bcollapse Ctwist Dshare 14Last month L.Adeclared a_of emergency as protests over killing of Geroge Floyd a black man turned violent.Astate Bcondition Csituation Dcircumstance 15Finding the _ to this problem is no easy task.Arelaxation Bimagination Cinvention Dsolution 16The report at the conference analyses in detail why a new legal is needed to better protect the environment.Acurrency Bframework Callowance Doccupation 17The system has been meant to give students quick and easy _ to the digital resources of the library.Aaccess Bpassage Cway Dapproach 18During the early _of planetary evolution,they served to sweep the solar system.Astages Bjourneys Cspecies Ddemands 19Generally there is a sharp _ between them in their character.Acontact Bcontrary Ccontract Dcontrast 20President Donald Trumps first state dinner excluded Democratic members of Congress and the media,which was criticized by many as a(n)_ from tradition.Adeparture Bbenefit Cescape Dlesson 21The _ of the trees in the water was very clear.Amirror Bsight Creflection Dshadow 22The good news that he got a_to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family.Aprospect Bpromotion Cpriority Dprivilege 23Could you tell me the_ of making such tasty cakes?Well,I just follow the directons in the cookbook.Afeature Bplan Ccost Dtrick 24It is clear that in modern society high _ and demands are placed on students.Amotivations Bexpectations Cstandards Dopportunities 25If you feel any_ in your neck,put a towel under your head for support when sleeping.Atension Babortion Csubmission Ddimension 【参考答案】*试卷处理标记，请不要删除 一、选择题 1B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：霍金有聪明的才智，对人性有着深切的关怀，这使得他能够克服严重的疾病成为一个著名的科学家。A.aid 帮助；B.concern关心；C.glory荣耀；D.basis 基础。根据句意可知，此处用“关心”符合语境，故选 B项。2B 解析：B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在旧中国，父母要求子女绝对服从。A.ambition 雄心；B.obedience 顺从；C.education 教育。根据常识，以前父母要求子女是绝对服从，故选 B。3D 解析：D【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：迪士尼的卡通人物之一唐老鸭总是急着去挑别人的毛病，给各个年龄段的人带来笑声。A.mistake 错误；B.error错误；C.blame 责备；D.fault 缺点、毛病。find fault with sb是固定搭配，表示“挑某人毛病”，故 D项正确。4B 解析：B【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：很多科学家相信在火星上有生命迹象。A.signal信号；B.sign 标语，迹象；C.mark标记；D.sigh 叹气。火星上的生命是有迹象的。故选 B。5D 解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：如果你想有一个好的视野，你最好站在山顶上。A.sight 景象；B.scene场面；C.look样子；D.view视野。习惯用法：get/have a good view“有好的视野或视角”。故选 D。6A 解析：A【解析】【详解】考查时态和名词。句意：自从 1949 年以来，人民的生活水平提高了，导致了人口的大幅增长。根据句子中的 Since 1949可知，此处应用现在完成时，raise是及物动词有被动，故C、D 项错误；rise为不及物动词无被动，故 B 项错误，根据句子可知，raise与 peoples living standard 之间是被动关系，故填 has been raised;第二空由 a big 可知，用名词，rise 当名词讲意为“增长；上升”。故选 A。7B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：够了！这里没人认为你说的话有任何意义。A.excuse借口，理由；B.sense 感知；C.use使用；D.value 价值。固定搭配：make any sense 讲不通，有任何意义，结合句意。故选 B。【点睛】make 构成的短语 make up 组成，构成，化妆，编造，和好如初；be made of 由-构成（能看出原材料）；be made from由-构成（不能看出原材料）；be made into 被制成了-；be made up of 由-组成；be made in 由某地制成；make friends 交朋友；make preparations for 为-做准备；make oneself done 使某人自己被-。这些都是 make的常用，常考短语，记住并能在语境中准确使用，本题考查的是 make和sense 的搭配。8C 解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：没有证据表明吃的过多是引起体重问题的主要原因。A.doubt 疑问；B.wonder 难怪；C.evidence 证据；D.belief信念。根据句意理解，没有证据可以证明肥胖问题的原因这种说法比较通顺容易理解。故选 C 项。9A 解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在国庆节挂国旗的习俗在全国许多地方是很常见的景象。A.sight景象，指眼见的景色，如城市景象或自然风光，也指人造景物或奇特的景象；B.scenery风景，指某一国家或地区的群山、森林等自然风景；C.sign签名；D.signal 信号。此处国庆节挂国旗为人造景象应用 sight。故选 A。10A 解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：我在培训中心进行了大量练习，以便我能在驾照考试中一次通过。A.attempt尝试；B.experiment 实验；C.flight飞行；D.glance 瞥见。at the/ones first attempt表示“第一次尝试”，为固定搭配。由“I practiced a lot in the training center”以及 so that可推断，进行大量练习，目的是为了一次尝试通过驾照考试。故选 A。11B 解析：B【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析和动词短语词义辨析。句意：-有什么新消息？-即将到来的 40天的春运高峰期，又称春运，将于 1月 10 日拉开序幕，2月 18 日结束。A.dash 破折号;kick out 撵 走；B.rush 高 峰 期；kick off 开 始；C.flow 流 动;kick in 药 物 开 始 起 作 用；D.jam 拥 挤;kick up 出 故 障。由“The upcoming 40-day Spring Festival”可知，第一个空在说春运高峰期。由“end on Feb 18”可知，第二个空在说春运的开始时间。end与 kick off“开始”相对应。故选 B项。12C 解析：C【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：露露是在她高水平的姐姐索菲亚的阴影下长大的。A.protection保护；B.gesture姿态；C.shadow阴影。根据后文 her high-performing sister,Sophia 可知，是在姐姐的阴影下长大。故选 C。13C 解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：痛苦的经历使她的感情枯竭，但她不是那种被命运打败的扭曲的女人。A.damage破坏；B.collapse 崩溃；C.twist转动，扭曲；D.share 分享。结合句意表示“扭曲”，故选 C。14A 解析：A【解析】【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：上个月，洛杉矶宣布进入紧急状态，当时对杀害黑人乔治弗洛伊德的抗议演变成了暴力行为。A.state 状态；B.condition 条件；C.situation 情况；D.circumstance 环境。a state of 表示状况，这里指洛杉矶宣布进入紧急状态。故选 A。15D 解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：找到这个问题的解决办法不是一件容易的事。A.relaxation 放松；B.imagination 想象力；C.invention发明；D.solution 解决方法。根据后文 to this problem可知是找到问题的“解决方法”。故选 D。16B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：会议上的报告详细分析了为什么需要一个新的法律框架来整好地保护环境。A.currency通货；B.framework 框架；C.allowance津贴；D.occupation职业。根据语境和各选项分析可知，故 B 项正确。17A 解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该系统旨在让学生快速、方便地访问图书馆的数字资源。A.access使用/进入的机会；B.passage通道，走廊；C.way方法，道路；D.approach接近，靠近。短语 easy access to 意思为“容易访问，轻松接近，容易获得”。故选 A项。18A 解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在行星演化的早期,他们用来清扫太阳系。A.stages 阶段；B.journeys 旅程；C.species物种；D.demands 要求。根据 planetary evolution 可知，此处用“阶段”符合语境，故选 A 项。19D 解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，他们的性格有明显的差异。A.contact联系；B.contrary相反的事实；C.contract 合约；D.contrast 明显的差异。根据关键词“sharp”和语境可知，应该是他们的性格有明显的差异。故选 D。20A 解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词。句意：唐纳德特朗普总统的第一次国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体，许多人批评这是对传统的背离。A.departure 背离，违反；B.benefit益处；C.escape 逃跑，逃避；D.lesson 课，教训。分析句子可知，此处表示的意思是“国宴排除了国会民主党议员和媒体是对传统的背离”，故选 A。21C 解析：C【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：树木在水中的倒影非常清晰。A.mirror 镜子；B.sight 视野；C.reflection 倒影；D.shadow 影子。根据 in the water was very clear可知，指水中的倒影。故选 C 项。22B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他晋升为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。A.prospect前途；B.promotion 升职，晋升；C.priority优先权；D.privilege 特权。结合后文 to Senior Editor brought great happiness to his family.可知此处指晋升（promotion）为高级编辑的好消息给他的家人带来了极大的快乐。get a promotion“得到晋升”。故选 B。23D 解析：D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。你能告诉我做这么好吃的蛋糕的窍门吗?好吧，我只是按照食谱上的指示做。A.feature特征；B.plan计划；C.cost 花费；D.trick 诀窍。这里指“做这么好吃蛋糕的诀窍”。所以选 D。【点睛】本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析名词词义的能力。由后文的回答可以推断本题答案，“我只是按照食谱上说明书（做蛋糕）”，那么前面问的肯定是“你做蛋糕有啥技巧呀？”再根据初步判断去看选项，B、C可以排除，A和 D可能拿捏不准，尤其是 D,考生可能会想到 play tricks 认为是“把戏”的意思，就错选成 A了。但是 A仅仅有“特征”之意，D在此由“把戏”被转化为“技巧”，类似于 tips，考生一定要注重转化意，这也是近年高考的趋势。24B 解析：B【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，现代社会对学生寄予了很高的期望和要求。A.motivations 动机；B.expectations 期待；C.standards标准；D.opportunities机会。通过句意可知，我们社会对孩子们寄予了更高的期待和要求。所以 B 项 expectations(期待)满足句意。故此题选 B。25A 解析：A【解析】【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你感到颈部肌肉紧张，睡觉时放一个毛巾在头下垫着。A.tension 紧张(在句中表示颈部肌肉紧张)；B.abortion 堕胎；C.submission 屈服、提交；D.dimension 方面、维度。结合句意可知，此处用“颈部肌肉紧张”符合语境，故选 A项。