新视界大学英语第2册第5单元课文翻译及练习答案.pdf
1 新视界大学英语综合教程 第五单元课文翻译及练习答案 Active Reading 闲暇无为抑或如何歇着无所事事 几个世纪以前，人们没有多少闲暇时间，因为大家都在辛苦劳作。在 19 世纪的英国，人们有了较多的空闲时间，但是维多利亚时代的人认为无所事事地歇着是一种罪。于是，为了避免其诱惑，他们发明了足球和板球。他们还开始从事更温和的休闲活动，如观鸟、园艺，甚至可能只是观看一项运动。这给他们一种有事可做的满足感。其中的一个例子是板球，这是一种规则怪异的奇特运动，比赛一连五天也没有任何进展，最后球员常常决定比赛以平局而告终。但是所有的球员和观众都对这种毫无结果的比赛感到心满意足。这就是我们现在称之为闲暇无为的一个很好的例子。近年来，闲暇无为中的互动渐渐地变得更少了。20 世纪 90 年代，一种新的休闲方式诞生了，一些人认为躺在沙发上看电视体育节目或是 DVD 是他们能做的最令人激动的闲暇无为活动了。这种人就是沙发土豆。那么，谁想成为沙发土豆呢？实际上，许多人都想，而且都有很好的理由。也许是一周中的休息日，也许是刚下班或放学回来，也许是疲惫不堪时想放松一下，对于沙发土豆来说，其他所有活动都太麻烦了，而懒散悠闲才是一种艺术。怎么成为沙发土豆呢？那很容易。找个舒适的地方坐下，比如一张很不错的软椅，或者你知道接下来是什么一张沙发。别坐在土豆上。确定你需要的所有东西都备好了：零食（尤其是炸薯片真正的沙发土豆不会吃别的任何东西）、饮料、杂志和电视。最重要的一个装备当然是遥控器了。如果没有无需离开沙发就能改换频道的自由，那沙发土豆就徒有虚名了。实际上，如果看电视不拿遥控器，就有类似于锻炼身体的危险了，这也许是应该避免的。现在开始看电视吧。要每十秒换一次频道，然后照此一直换下去。尽可能快速地失去注意力，好让你保持一个沙发土豆的状态。（记住，你的注意力持续时间和土豆的一样长。）最后，请别人帮你做事，如再拿点吃的，或租张影碟。然而，对他们的态度一定要好！如果态度不好，你很可能要自己做这些事了。但是，每一种新时尚都会有反对者。英国广播公司 BBC 最近报道，英国农民对使用“沙发土豆”这一说法很不高兴，因为它破坏了这种蔬菜的形象。英国土豆协会说，土豆本来就是有益健康的食品。他们正组织抗议活动，要求把“沙发土豆”这一词条从牛津英语辞典中删除。你瞧瞧！沙发土豆是健康的。当然，对于真正的沙发土豆来说，内在的危害还是存在的。最大的危害也许是由缺乏运动导致的，后果被专业的沙发土豆称作电视肚。然而，有些沙发土豆把他们的电视肚看作是他们致力于闲暇无为的标志，很骄傲地把电视肚挺在裤腰之上。（有趣的是，这是一种很时尚的穿着风格，称为松糕顶。下次你去星巴克时再去弄清楚其中原因吧。）然而，时间推移到 21 世纪，我们有了特别针对电脑上网活动的沙发土豆新版本。它被称为鼠标土豆。鼠标土豆在电脑显示器前面花费过多的时间，和他们的表兄沙发土豆一样缺乏对外界的兴趣。他们大多数人沉迷于与世界各地的鼠标土豆们玩网络游戏。实际上，离开电脑不仅毫无意义，而且还会遭到对手或是世界上较早时区且技术更高超的鼠标土豆的威胁。在空闲的时候，他们常做的事包括大量的网络搜索，或是加入聊天室，在虚拟世界留下毫无见识且满是错别字的意见，得罪人，还侮辱别人的智力。对于怀有历险渴望的鼠标土豆来说，你甚至还可以周游世界，通过访问沙发土豆旅游网（CouchP），去你也许永远去不了的国家观光。通过记录鼠标移动的距离，你还可以了解你在电脑上花了多少时间。这个距离被称为鼠标里程，谁知道呢，也许有一天你能在所有好的电脑店里用这些鼠标里程换得更多的土豆片。2 这样，即使花最少的功夫，你也可以拥有你自己的闲暇无为了。做一个沙发土豆吧！长一个电视肚吧！好好练就成一个鼠标土豆，赚取鼠标里程吧！今天就开始，时间那么多，而要做的事却是那么少！Dealing with Unfamiliar Words Match the words with their meanings in the context of the passage.1.b 2.b 3.b 4.b 5.b 6.a 7.a Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1.leisure;routine 2.excessive 3.inherent 4.offence 5.maintain 6.evolve Complete the passage with the correct form of the words in the box.1.weird 2.aspirations 3.minimum 4.virtual 5.negative 6.concentration mitment 8.worthy Language in Use Now form new words with non-or in-to describe the things or people,and check your answers with the dictionary.1.non-member 2.inefficiency 3.non-smoker 4.non-resident 5.indigestion 6.non-starter Now complete the paragraph with the gerund form of the words and expressions in the box.1.Doing 2.Being 3.getting up 4.spending 5.choosing 6.relaxing 7.achieving Look at the sentence from the passage and answer the questions.1 A new leisure creature.2 That they think lying on the sofa watching sport or DVDs on the television is the most exciting inactivity they can manage.Now rewrite the sentences using a phrase or clause in apposition beginning with(some)one,something or somewhere.1.He needs to speak to a doctor,one/someone who has experience with students psychological problems.2.I want to enrol for a keep-fit course,something that isnt too tiring.3.Lets go out to a restaurant tonight,somewhere romantic and quiet.4.We want to do an exciting activity,something we havent done before.Complete the sentences with the correct form of suitable expressions from the box.1.physical exercise 2.excessive amount 3.free time 4.inherently healthy 5.negative attitude 6.perfectly content 7.maintain status Translate the sentences into Chinese.1.他们还开始从事更温和的休闲活动，如观鸟、园艺，甚至可能只是观看一项运动。这给他们一种有事可做的满足感。2.20 世纪 90 年代，一种新的休闲方式诞生了，一些人认为躺在沙发上看电视体育节目或是 DVD是他们能做的最令人激动的闲暇无为活动了。3.如果没有无需离开沙发就能改换频道的自由，那沙发土豆就徒有虚名了。4.最大的危害也许是由缺乏运动导致的，后果就是专业沙发土豆所称的电视肚了。5.实际上，离开电脑不仅毫无意义，而且还会遭到对手或是世界上较早时区且技术更高超的鼠标土豆的威胁。Translate the sentences into English.1.I took up tennis two years ago,and now I play tennis twice a week.2.Watching television is still the most common leisure activity for people of all ages.3 3.There is a trend that teenagers nowadays are spending more time on the Internet,which is worthy of our attention.4.As a matter of fact,we should advocate healthy leisure activities such as mountain climbing,swimming,fishing etc.5.As time moves on,new forms of leisure activities will keep appearing.Talking Point Match the hobby types in the box with the comments 14.1.collector 2.culture vulture Culture vulture(对文化着迷的人)is a slang expression created mainly from the rhyme.As a vulture gathers quickly where there is a dead animal,a culture vulture rushes to art shows,the theatre etc.3.sports freak 4.couch potato Work in groups.Tell the rest of the group about your hobbies and/or free-time activities.Talk about these things:I adore cats.It is so comforting Decide which of the hobby types in the box the members of your group belong to.If your hobby type is not in the box,invent your own.My interest in photography and yours in drawing are similar.I guess they are cultural so we may be culture vultures.But I think there is a difference between enjoying making art for yourself and attending cultural events.Maybe we are art addicts?Further reading 无聊有什么问题？上个月，我和丈夫完成了一件被我们的一些朋友认为是傻瓜才做的事驾着我们的大众休旅车，带着三个孩子，进行了一次历时 32 天、全程 5,232 英里，在路易安那州和加利福尼亚州之间往返的露营旅行。让朋友们持怀疑态度的并非孩子们在后座必然会吵闹或油钱必然会很多这些事，而是我们计划这次旅行不带数字影碟播放机，在我们穿越灌木丛生的西得克萨斯和新墨西哥时，不用它来打发孩子们。“他们会很无聊的，”一个朋友说。“会很糟糕的，”另一个朋友说。甚至我丈夫都动摇了，“我不反对买一台数字影碟播放机，”我们挤在得克萨斯州的博蒙特城外的车流中时，他承认说，“孩子们可能会觉得有点烦闷。”我问了他在准备出发时曾问过自己的问题：无聊有什么要紧？我的朋友勒内曾带着她的三个孩子八次驾车横跨美国旅行，她把无聊称为创造之母。她不是唯一一个认识到闲暇时间的好处的人，英国东安格利亚大学的研究人员在最近发表的一篇论文中得出结论：精神恍惚状态有助于给大脑充电，它是“学习和创造的中枢”。我不打算让我的孩子们变得更聪明或给他们的大脑充电。我也不讨厌电视。我知道史酷比主题歌的全部歌词，去年我去纽约时，在美国全国广播公司专卖店花了一个星期天上午的时间，带着有“办公室”标志的纪念品满载而归。但是我太了解电视把孩子们变成与世隔绝的行尸走肉的力量了。总之，我不想带着三个行尸走肉般的人横跨美国。我想让我们的孩子们跟我们待在一起，哪怕这样很沉闷且遭到反对。他们都还好。“得克萨斯州真没意思，”我们七岁的儿子第一天就这样宣布。我们奔驰在空旷的 54号州道上，前往卡尔斯巴德洞窟国家公园时，他宣称：“真是无聊乏味。”第二天，他在安全带下边挣扎边带着哭腔说：“再也不想忍受这些了”，最后这些抱怨变成了“啊！”的大哭声。他五岁的妹妹在这长长的数小时中表现得要好些，她要么把一版贴画一张张往下揭，要么跟她为旅 4 途而准备的动物布娃娃玩过家家。我们初学走路的女儿也同样悠然惬意，用马克笔往膝盖上涂颜色，把笔记本的纸撕成条，扔得车里到处都是。在我们往西走时，儿子感觉不那么烦闷了。第三天，他开始数风车房和寻找火车，并开始在得克萨斯州天空又大又厚的云彩中找狮子狗和海豚了。“得克萨斯州不像我想的那么乏味，”他说。我经常和孩子们一起坐在后座，和他们一起比较口香糖的味道、玩拇指脚趾角力、用猴子和青蛙代替人进行格斗比赛。儿子一次又一次数他的钱，为到礼品店逛逛做准备，他说：“礼品店是得克萨斯州行程中最精彩的部分。”我们一起聊天，如果史酷比、雪吉和神秘公司五人组其余成员和我们在一起，我们就不会聊那么多。远望着迷信山，我丈夫给孩子们讲迷失的荷兰人的金矿的传说和许多在凤凰城附近的山区寻金失败的故事。“亚利桑那州不像得克萨斯州那么无趣，”儿子宣称。孩子们用尿布为他们的动物娃娃做时髦的斗蓬，最小的女儿学着用她的脚趾头喂自己吃炸薯条。虽然还没有人研究过用脚趾头抓炸薯条吃的好处，但我觉得我们看着窗外的风景做白日梦时似乎都有所收获。我们的儿子有时面对风景陷入沉思，他不止一次地把这些风景描绘成“又大又方”的样子。我希望这次旅行能让儿子从学习自我娱乐中得到一些乐趣，而且我还有一些更小的希望。慵懒、随意的时光对我来说像是一种奢侈品，我希望孩子们学会珍惜这样的时光，而不是寻找最快的方式打发掉它，等待着到达下一个冰雪皇后店。作为家长，我的决定并非全部正确。大家都知道我会给孩子们吃可可松饼而不是麦片粥，我经常只是随便吓唬吓唬他们，而没有一定要让他们接受到应有的惩罚。但做家长应该有所侧重，在车后座那些欢乐的滑稽事让我知道这次不让孩子们看数字影碟机的小屏幕是一个正确的选择。Reading and Understanding Check the true statements.The true Statements are 1,2,3,7 and 10.Choose the best answer to the questios.1.c 2.b 3.b 4.a 5.d 6.a Dealing with unfamiliar words Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box.1.bored 2.transform 3.derserves 4.tune 5.provoking 6.flung 7.likewise 8.ban Answer te queswtions about the words and expressions.1.a 2.a 3.b 4.b 5.a 6.b 7.b 8.b Guided Writing Look at the sentences from the passage in Reading across cultures and identify the ways in which they express possibility or certainty.1.generally(more or less exact information)2.definitely(certainty)3.apparently(possibility)4.practically/must(certainty)Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.1.People probably have more free time than they used to.2.But they definitely knew how to enjoy themselves in the past.3.About 50 years ago,a popular activity was trainspotting.4.Men would often spend hours on station platforms watching trains go by.5 5.They apparently found this hobby very relaxing.Write a passage about the most popular leisure activities in China It is certainly true that many people enjoy physical exercise,such as jogging,tai chi,table tennis and swimming.Approximately 50 per cent of adults spend at least half an hour a day on one of these.The next most popular activities include badminton,football and dancing.In addition to these sporting pastimes,many people enjoy reading and surfing the Internet.Others keep pets or listen to music of many different styles.These activities may be popular because they are not expensive or difficult to organize.Also they help people relax.You must take your mind off work and concentrate on what you are doing at that moment to get the most from your hobbies.Extra writing Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping.You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.现在网上购物已成为一种时尚；2.网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题；3.我的建议。注：本题为 2011 年 6 月四级考试真题 【写作提示】Online shopping 是一个考生们相当熟悉的话题，从题材上来看，此作文属于校园生活类，题材上则属于议论文，命题类型是现象解释型。现象解释型作文基本上有固定的写作模板，主要写作思路如下：第一段应该是现象引入段，主要描述现象，引起话题；表现较为典型的一个方面；进一步阐述现象。第二段是说明原因段，主要承上启下,解释这一现象的原因一；原因二；原因三；重申观点，总结上述观点。第三段是总结观点段，主要讲述导致的结果；作者的态度；原因一；原因二；总结全文。Online Shopping Nowadays,with the rapid development of information technology,online shopping has gained great popularity among more and more web users.For example,it is fashionable for youngsters to purchase daily essentials,such as books,clothes,electrical equipment,on some famous website,like Taobao,EBay and Alibaba.Undoubtedly speaking,online shopping has many advantages.Firstly,compared with traditional shopping,its very convenient.What you need to do is just clicking your mouse and waiting instead of going out by foot or driving.Secondly,more choices than real store are another attraction to customers.However,in spite of convenience and more choices of online shopping,we cannot turn a blind eye to its disadvantages.Obviously,quality problem is its first disadvantage.Its common that articles arent so good just as they are described online that customers always buy fake commodities.In addition,its troublesome and annoying for many customers to make a change when they are not satisfied with what they bought online.As a college student,I like online shopping but I expected that effective measures should be taken to make it better.Specifically speaking,government should work out strict regulations and rules to prevent unfaithful and unlawful activities of online shop owners.Only by this way can online shopping become really safe and attract an increasing number of customers.
