自考0794综合英语(一)课程讲义全下册Lesson12.pdf

Lesson TwelveI Got My B.A by Sheer Luck 一、词汇 B.A.（Bachelor of Arts 的缩写）（文科）学士 B.S.（Bachelor of Science 的缩写）（理科）学士 master 硕士 M.A.文科硕士 M.S.理科硕士 Bachelor 单身汉 Sheer adj.全然的，纯粹的 Egyptian adj.埃及的 Egypt n.埃及 percentage n.百分比 frightening adj.令人惊吓的 pace n.速度 lucky adj.幸运的 survival n.幸存,生存；生还 survive v.幸存 grade n.（考试或作业的）分数 disgraceful adj.丢脸的，不光彩的 grace（风度）优雅 graceful 优雅的 work v.（计划等）顺利进行 imitate v.模仿，仿效 recite v.背诵 presentation n.叙述，陈述；讲课，报告 transitional adj.转变的，转折的，过渡的 minor adj.次要的，较小的 topic n.（章节、段落等）标题；主题 subtopic n.小标题，副标题；要点 subway 地铁 intellectual adj.智力的，思维力的 inferiority n.劣等，劣势；低劣 inferior to 不如。I am inferior to you.我不如你。flip v.迅速地翻（书页等）textbook n.课本，教科书 chapter n.（书等的）章、篇、回 religion n.宗教（信仰）assigned adj.指定的 jot v.匆匆记下 point n.（表示事项的）点，条，项 summary adj.摘要，总结，梗概；概要的 issue n.问题，议题，争议点 master v.掌握，精通 compose v.写；作（诗等）；作曲 composer 作曲家 correct v.改正，纠正，修正 accurately adv.准确地 take(notes)v.记（笔记）campus n.（大学或学院的）校园 on campus 在校园里 underestimate v.低估 hysterical adj.歇斯底里的，情绪异常激动的 expected adj.预期的，预料的 plus adj.（学科评分）高于。的 thank goodness interj.谢天谢地 scholar n.学生；学者 reveal v.透露，揭露（事实、秘密等）二、课文分析 NOW IT CAN BE TOLD:I got my B.A.by sheer luck.Here is my story.1.NOW IT CAN BE TOLD:I got my B.A.by sheer luck.现在可以全盘托出了：我是全凭运气获得了学士学位。Professor Kolb was especially difficult that year.Exactly 63.6 percent of the class failed Egyptian History.And if it were not for sheer luck,Id have raised the percentage to 65.4.2.Professor Kolb was especially difficult that year.那一年，科尔布教师要求特别严。Difficult 用来形容人时，意思是严肃的，很难使其满意或高兴。那一年，科尔布教授要求特别严。3.Exactly 63.6 percent of the class failed Egyptian History.选修他的埃及史的学生竟有63.6%的人不及格。Fail+subject 表示在某门课上不及格。4.And if it were not for sheer luck,Id have raised the percentage to 65.4.我要不是交了好运的话，就会使不及格率提高到65.4%.if it were not for sth.:要不是.的话，这是个虚拟条件句 I remember most vividly the frightening pace of the lectures.No one could take notes as fast as Old Kolb talked.I usually missed more than half of each lecture.Without complete notes,it was impossible to study.I was lucky to have gotten even the 38 in one exam.I knew that my only chance for survival was to get fuller notes.5.I remember most vividly the frightening pace of the lectures.他讲课的速度惊人的快，我对此记忆犹新。Most 在这里与very 词义相同，用作父副词，是指非常，很，不是最 的意思。6.I usually missed more than half of each lecture.每堂课上我几乎要漏掉一半。miss 漏掉 The professor spoke very slowly so that Paul wouldnt miss a word.教授讲得非常慢，保罗每个字都听见了。7.I was lucky to have gotten even the 38 in one exam.在一次考试中，我才得了38 分，已经算很幸运了。8.I knew that my only chance for survival was to get fuller notes.我明白，要想通过这门课的唯一办法是把笔记记得更全一些。survive v.survival n.幸存 Of the six people in the plane that crashed,only one survived.在失事飞机上的六个人中，仅一人幸存。That night after the exam grades came out,I thought over my disgraceful grade.Suddenly hit upon an idea:Why not leave every other line on my note paper blank?Then I could recall the lecture afterward and fill in the missing parts.9.Suddenly hit upon an idea:hit upon 突然想到一个好主意 The group at last hit upon a solution that would be accepted by most people.小组最后找到了一个多数人都能接受的解决办法。10.Why not leave every other line on my note paper blank?记笔记时我为什么不写一行，空一行呢？every other something 隔一（行/天/排）The committee meets every other month.委员会两个月开一次会。The magazine come out bi-weekly,i.e.every other week.这本杂志是半月刊，也就是说每隔一周出一次。triangle bicycle leave+宾语宾补 11.Then I could recall the lecture afterward and fill in the missing parts.课后我可以会议教授所讲的内容，然后把没有记下来的部分补上。Fill in:（在空白处）填入，填写 The next day I tried this plan and it worked!What luck!At first it was difficult to recall the lecture,but as days passed,it became sort of a game.Often in my room I would imitate the professor and try to give the lecture as best as I could without looking at my notes.12.The next day I tried this plan and it worked!What luck!第二天我尝试了这个计划，果然奏效！运气多好啊！work 好用、正常工作 The traffic lights werent working properly.这些红绿灯不灵了。An arrangement of this kind will never work.这种安排肯定行不通。13.but as days passed,it became sort of a game.随着时间的推移，这事做起来就比较得心应手了。sort of:（口语）有点，某种程度 14.Often in my room I would imitate the professor and try to give the lecture as best as I could without looking at my notes.我常常在宿舍里不看笔记，模仿教授，尽最大努力把他讲授的内容再讲一遍。As best as I could(give the lecture)是比较状语从句 One evening while reciting the days lecture to myself,I made an important discovery.In trying to make my presentation as smooth as possible,I used the transitional words Now that we have discussed the major reason for the success of Pharaoh Hophra,let us look at the minor reasons.At that moment I stopped still,for at no time did the professor ever cut up the lecture into topics and subtopics;however,the topics and subtopics were there,waiting to be discovered.With this secret in mind,I found that I could take better notes during the lecture,and after class I could very easily supply the missing parts.15.I made an important discovery.Discovery 发现 16.In trying to make my presentation as smooth as possible,I used the transitional words Now that we have discussed the major reason for the success of Pharaoh Hophra,let us look at the minor reasons.我尽量把课讲得流畅，这样我就使用了一些转折词语：我们讨论了霍夫拉法老成功的主要因素之后，现在我们来看看次要的因素。17.At that moment I stopped still,for at no time did the professor ever cut up the lecture into topics and subtopics;就在这时，我停了下来，科尔布教授从来不把他讲的内容按一、二、三、四划分要点更没有继而再分出1，2，3 等次要点。still adj.静止的 for 是原因连词 catch sth.Up(into)：（用刀）把。切成（小些的）块 18.However,the topics and subtopics were there,waiting to be discovered.实际上（他的讲课）层次还是分明的，只不过要你自己去挖掘罢了。19.With this secret in mind,I found that I could take better notes during the lecture,and after class I could very easily supply the missing parts.知道了这个秘密，我发现客商我笔记做得更好，课下很容易就把遗漏得部分补上。An incident finally convinced me of my intellectual inferiority when I found that the other students just flipped the pages of the textbook.But poor me,I had to work on each chapter for hours.I was lucky when,looking in the library for a book on Egyptian religion,I ran across a whole shelf filled with books on Egypt.I spent the rest of the day until 10:00 p.m.（closing time）reading.I finally picked out three books which were easy enough for me to understand,and I took these back to my room.By first reading these books,I found I could understand better the assigned chapter in the textbook.So with luck I solved the textbook problem.20.An incident finally convinced me of my intellectual inferiority when I found that the other students just flipped the pages of the textbook.有一件事使我确信我的致力确实不如别人：我发现我的同学只是一目十行地翻了课本。Convince sb of sth.:使某人确信某事 Flipped the pages:指看书的速度很快 21.But poor me,I had to work on each chapter for hours.但是可怜的我，我不得不为每章花上好几个小时。work on sth.致力于。poor 常用于人名前，表示说话者对此人的同情。22.I was lucky when,looking in the library for a book on Egyptian religion,I ran across a whole shelf filled with books on Egypt.on:关于。的书或报告 我又遇到一件幸运的事：再图书馆找一本关于埃及宗教的书时，我发现了有一个书架上放满了关于埃及的书。23.I spent the rest of the day until 10:00 p.m.（closing time）reading.我把剩余的时间花在阅读上，直到晚上10 点，图书馆闭馆时候。spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事 closing time:闭馆时间 24.By first reading these books,I found I could understand better the assigned chapter in the textbook.我发现，先读读这些书，就能更好地理解教材中指定的章节。25.So with luck I solved the textbook problem.我又是碰运气，解决了教科书问题。There I was,as the final examination approached,with a notebook about two inches thick,filled with lecture notes.Now,was I to memorize all these notes?And the textbook?Realizing that I couldnt memorize everything in my notes,I decided to review each lecture with one thought in mind:What is the really important idea here?As I found the answer,Id jot the central point on separate sheets which I called Summary Sheets.When I finished,I had reduced inches of lecture notes to just twelve pages of man issues.I then did the same with my textbook.26.There I was,as the final examination approached,with a notebook about two inches thick,filled with lecture notes.two inches thick:两英寸厚 到期末考试临近时，我就有了两英寸厚的课堂笔记。27.Now,was I to memorize all these notes?And the textbook?那么，我是不是要把笔记都背下来？把课本也都背下来？28.I decided to review each lecture with one thought in mind：What is the really important idea here?with sth.in mind:以。为目标，因为。的原因 我决定带着一个问题来复习每一节课的内容：这节课最重要的内容是什么？29.As I found the answer,Id jot the central point on separate sheets which I called Summary Sheets.我找到答案后，就把要点写在我称为摘要篇的单页纸上。30.When I finished,I had reduced inches of lecture notes to just twelve pages of man issues.reduce sth.To把。压缩到。我把要点摘要摘出后，几英寸厚的课堂笔记就压缩成12 页的主要问题。31.I then did the same with my textbook.我如法炮制，摘出了课本的要点。I learned these main issues by first reading them over,thinking about them,then without looking at my notes,by trying to recite them in my own words.I went through my summary sheets in the same way,issue by issue.32.I learned these main issues by first reading them over,thinking about them,then without looking at my notes,by trying to recite them in my own words.read sth.over/through:把。很快从头到尾读一遍。复习这些主要问题，我先读了一遍，然后想一想，最后不看笔记用我自己的话试着把这些重点背一遍。Having mastered these main issues,I composed ten questions questions that Id ask if I were the professor.I pretended that I was in the examination room,and I spent the next four hours answering my ten questions.I then corrected my answers by referring to the lecture and the textbook notes,and much to my delight,I had discussed all the facts and ideas accurately.For the first time I felt that I had achieved something.I went to bed at 10:00 for a good nights sleep,having refused to go to a movie with the rest of the boys.33.Having mastered these main issues,I composed ten questions questions that Id ask if I were the professor.掌握了这些重点问题后，我就出了十个问题我要是教这门课，我会出的十个问题。34.I then corrected my answers by referring to the lecture and the facts and ideas accurately.然后我对照课堂笔记和教科书笔记修正答案。35.and much to my delight,I had discussed all the facts and ideas accurately.使我高兴的是，我对事实和观点的分析都很准确。36.For the first time I felt that I had achieved something.这是我第一次有成就感。37.I went to bed at 10:00 for a good nights sleep,having refused to go to a movie with the rest of the boys.我没有跟其他的男生一起去看电影，为了好好休息，10 点就上床睡觉了。On the way to the examination room the morning,I knew without question that my luck had run out when I met Jack,who sat next to me.He had not taken a single note all semester;he had not even flipped the textbook pages.When I asked why he wasnt nervous,he answered,This is the semester for Examination Set#4.38.On the way to the examination room the morning,I knew without question that my luck had run out when I met Jack,who sat next to me.without question:毫无疑问地，确切地，用来强调说话人要说的内容。out of the question 不可能 run out:用光了，用完 第二天早晨去考场的路上，我碰到了后来坐在我身边的杰克，不用问我就知道我的运气已经全完了。39.He had not taken a single note all semester;he had not even flipped the textbook pages.整个一学期，他没有记一个字的笔记，甚至连课本都没有翻过。40.This is the semester for Examination Set#4.这学期该用第4 套考题。Whats Examination Set#4?Everybody on campus except me,I guess,knew that Old Kolb had five sets of examinations（ten questions in every set）,which he used in turn over a five-year period.Though Old Kolb collected the question sheets from each student,he underestimated their organizing ability.The plan worked like this:Some students were given the task to memorize question#1,another group to memorize#2,and so forth.When the students left the examination room,they jotted down these questions quickly from memory.In this way they finally collected all five sets of the examination.41.Everybody on campus except me,I guess,knew that Old Kolb had five sets of examinations（ten questions in every set）,which he used in turn over a five-year period.in turn:轮流 我想校园里除了我以外，人人都知道老科尔布有 5 套考题（每套考题10 个问题），每5年之内，他依次使用这5 套考题。42.Though Old Kolb collected the question sheets from each student,he underestimated their organizing ability.老科尔布倒是把考题从学生手里全部收回，可是他低估了学生的组织能力。43.The plan worked like this:Some students were given the task to memorize question#1,another group to memorize#2,and so forth.他们是这么安排的：某些学生分到的任务是背下第1 个问题，另外几个人背第2 个问题，以此类推。44.When the students left the examination room,they jotted down these questions quickly from memory.jot sth.down:很快并很简练地记下.from memory:凭记忆地，背诵地 学生离开考场后，立即凭记忆将这些问题记下来。I knew my luck and run out.As the examination sheets were passed out,I heard moans of various kinds:Oh,No!No!and hysterical laughter.I thought that perhaps the professor had by mistake given out Exam#5 instead of the expected#4.45.As the examination sheets were passed out,I heard moans of various kinds:Oh,No!No!and hysterical laughter.pass out:分发 发卷子的时候，我听到各种各样的唉声叹气：哎呀，坏了！糟糕！还有傻笑声。46.I thought that perhaps the professor had by mistake given out Exam#5 instead of the expected#4.by mistake:弄错，误把。我以为可能是科尔布教授把第5 套卷子，误以为是众人棋盘的第4 套卷子发了下来。By the time the sheets reached me,I,too,gasped,Oh!It cant be.They were the same ten questions that I had made up only yesterday!How could that be?One chance in a million,Im sure.I wrote and wrote and wrote.47.By the time the sheets reached me,I,too,gasped,Oh!It cant be.等考卷发到我的时候，我也惊讶地喊出?quot;哎呀！怎么会呢？48.One chance in a million,Im sure.I wrote and wrote and wrote.这真是最后的运气了 one chance in a million 极为少见 She is a wife in a million.她是个百里挑一的妻子。We havent a chance in a million of winning.Old Kolb gave me a 100 plus.He wrote a note saying,Thank goodness for one good scholar in all my years of teaching.But he didnt know what luck I had,and I never told him.49.He wrote a note saying,Thank goodness for one good scholar in all my years of teaching.他也写了条批语，说谢天谢地，在我多年的教书生涯中，总算出了这么个高才生！Now that twenty years have passed,I think that it is safe to reveal that here is one fellow who got his B.A.by sheer luck.50.20 年过去了，我想现在透漏这个秘密已经没有危险了：有那么一个家伙纯属考运气得到了学士学位。三、语法与练习（一）Vocabulary Exercises 1.Form words according to the following rules of word formation.动词+-al（表示行为、其结果、状况或过程）名词 survival 幸存withdrawal 撤退 动词+-age（表示行为、其结果或状态）名词 breakage 破碎storage 储存 bondage 束缚 名词+-age（表示费用、数量或计量）名词 percentage 百分比tonnage 吨数 名词+-age（表示场所、身份或群体）名词 orphanage 孤儿院teenage 青少年时期（二）Grammar Emphasis&Inversion（强调与倒装）1.强调 1）用do 强调动词，此种形式仅限于一般现在时和一般过去时。I do hope youll stay for dinner.我真希望你能留下来吃晚饭。You do look better today.你今天看起来确实好多了。He does speak five languages.他的确能说五种语言。So you did go after all.这么说你真的去了。I did call you last night but you were not in.昨晚我确实给你打电话了，但你不在。2）用it is/was/that 句型强调，该句型可强调除动词以外的任何句子成分，在被强调的成分是人时，可用who/whom 代替that。I met Maggie and Jack on Friday on the bus.It was（I/Maggie and Jack）that.It was on Friday that I met Maggie and Jack on the bus.2.倒装 1）当谓语动词表示移动，而其后跟的是表示方向的副词时，如果将副词前置，主语与谓语则倒装。Here comes the bus.车来了。主语为代词时，主谓不倒装。Here we are.我们到了。Here he comes.他来了。2）谓语动词为come,sit,lie,stand,be,sink 等不及物动词，可将状语置于句首，将主谓语倒装。In front of the window stood a large,comfortable armchair.窗前放着一个舒适的大扶手椅。At the foot of the mountain stands a temple.在山脚下有座庙。On the desk are many books.桌上有很多书。At the far end of the classroom sits a policeman.在教室的尽头坐着一个警察。3）具有否定意义的副词、状语词组以及only 放在句首时，主谓语倒装。（1）如谓语由be 以外的单一动词（即不带情态动词的一般现在时和一般过去时的动词）构成，要借用助动词do/does 及 did，将助动词置放在主语前，谓语动词则变成动词的原形。Not only did he advise me what to do,but he also lent me the money.他不仅告诉我应该做什么，而且还借钱给我。At no time did the professor ever cut up the lecture into topics and subtopics.教授从未把他的讲课内容分成一、二、三、四，再分成1，2，3，4。Seldom does she do anything important without aski