社会类写作2(原卷版)2021年高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作【学科网名师堂】.pdf

2021 年高考英语能力拓展之概要写作 24 社会类写作 2 1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。Do We Need Art in Our Lives No one will be surprised to hear that the arts are under fire in this day and age.We view the arts as something of a hobby,something thats fun but certainly cant pay the rent.If its not a useful skill,no wonder arts funding is being cut in schools.Do we really need art in our lives?In schools,time and money is at a premium（稀有而珍贵）,now more than ever.With teachers having to fit so many lessons into every day.its easy to see why art is dropping more and more by the wayside.Budgets are dropping at an alarming rate,and what school is going to drop teaching in essential subjects such as math or science when they can drop art instead?It seems as though the loss of art in daily life is sad fact of life,but it doesnt have to be.There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people.For example,art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses,both mental and physical,cope with their symptoms.Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home.Practical items,such as bedspreads,furniture or clothing,are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.Art also gives us insight into the world.History tells us what happened and when it happened,but it cant tell us how the population at large felt about it,which is where art steps in.We know a lot about how people in the past lived and worded,because their art has given us much a deep insight into their daily lives.We wouldnt have that insight without it.Most of all,we need art in our lives as it gives us a form of self-expression.Being able to talk about our feelings is essential to staying healthy.You may not think ou talk about your feelings,but you may express them in other ways.Some like to cook or bake,some like to work machinery,and others may like to paint or draw.Whatever you like to do in your spare time,youre probably creating art every day.So,do we need art in our lives?Many people would say no,but the art theyre thinking of is the art you see in galleries.Art is actually much more accessible and it truly needed in everyday life.It helps those in need,gives people in the future an idea of what life was like,and is a vital form of self-expression._ 2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。New Research on Kids Poor Math Achievement If the thought of a math test makes you break out in a cold sweat,Mom or Dad may be partly to blame,according to the new research published in Psychological Science.A team of researchers found that children of math-anxious parents learned less math over the school year and were more likely to be math-anxious themselvesbut only when these parents provided frequent help on the childs math homework.Previous research from this group has established that when teachers are anxious about math,their students learn less math during the school year.The current study is novel in that it establishes a link between parents and childrens math anxiety.These findings suggest that adults attitudes toward math can play an important role in childrens math achievement.“We often dont think about how important parents own attitudes are in determining their childrens academic achievement.But our work suggests that if a parent is walking around saying Oh,I dont like math or this stuff makes me nervous,kids pick up on this messaging and it affects their success,”explained Beilock,professor in psychology.“Math-anxious parents may be less effective in explaining math concepts to children,and may not respond well when children make a mistake or solve a problem in a novel way,”added Levine,Beilocks colleague.438 first-and second-grade students and their primary caregivers participated in the study.Children were assessed in math achievement and math anxiety at both the beginning and end of the school year.As a control,the team also assessed reading achievement,which they found was not related to parents math anxiety.Parents completed a questionnaire about their own nervousness and anxiety around math and how often they helped their children with math homework.The researchers believe the link between parents math anxiety and childrens math performance stems more from math attitudes than genetics._ 3.阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。Children start out as natural scientists,eager to look into the world around them.Helping them enjoy science can be easy:theres no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment.You only have to share your childrens curiosity.When having a science discussion with them,you need to notice at least three things.Firstly,give them time to think.Studies over the past 30 years have shown that after asking a question,adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer,no time for a child to think.When adults increase their“wait time”to three seconds or more,children give more logical,complete and creative answers.Secondly,watch your language.Once you have a child involved in a science discussion,dont jump in with“Thats right”or“Very good”.These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior.But in talking about science,quick praise can signal that discussion is over.Instead,keep things going by saying“Thats interesting,”or“Id never thought of it that way before.”or coming up with more questions or ideas.Lastly,show,dont tell.Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program.Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜),and theyll understand why you want them to wash before dinner.Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发),set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop._ 4.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。A new study said students who attended for-profit private colleges（营利性私立大学）in the United States learning trade saw their earnings drop.The report by the National Bureau of Economic Research said,on average,people who attended for-profit colleges made$920 less per year after they left school compared to before they started.People who attended public two-year colleges earned about$1,500 more per year than they did before starting their studies,the report said.The report looked at schools preparing students for a number of trade,including the health-care assistant,dental assistant,auto mechanic and cosmetologist（美容师）.Among the vocational（职业的）trades examined by the research,only cosmetology programs appear to bring better pay in the for-profit sector,the report said.But overall,researchers found that many students who attended for-profit schools were worse off financially than they were before going to these colleges.The report reached another conclusion:Students at for-profit colleges paid more for their classes than students at public colleges did.Annual tuition at two-year profit-making schools averaged$8,118，compared to$712 at public community colleges,the report said.One reason for the difference in cost is that for-profit schools are run by private businesses.In comparison,community colleges are run by local and stage governments,which keep tuition down by providing direct funding.However,Steve Gunderson,president and chief executive officer of the Association of Private Sector Colleges and Universities,said the study was faulty because it looked at earnings only five years after students left school.“The report would show better results if it looked for wage gains over a longer time period,”he added.“Whats more,for-profit colleges provide educational chances for people who generally dont get to college.”Gunderson believed“career education”.is the most direct way to get people into the middle class._ 5.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。Is early childhood education really necessary?Early childhood education primarily pays great attention to learning through playing to develop the childs physical,sensory,communicational and social development.Early childhood education has become a concern of the government,who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are old enough for kindergarten.There are good reasons for the government to push early childhood education.Studies have shown that orphaned(成为孤儿)children who did not receive good care and education become developmentally delayed causing failure in school,and even in life.Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more prepared for school,with much less possibility of ending up in Special Education classes,receiving public help or going to prison.There are also negative parts to put a child in formal education programs too early.Time Magazine online explains that the younger the child，the less his chances of catching up with first grade work.I have personally witnessed(见证)many children of my generation who went to Head Start programs become frustrated and bored with school before they finished high school.Actually,while early formal education of poor children does show great gains in the early primary years,studies also show that this head start is really a false start,as the gains are lost in middle and high school years.It seems that environment is a bigger factor on lifes success than early education.Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in closing the achievement gap(差距)in poor and middle school children.Perhaps it is time to find other ways to close that gap._ Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman,author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids,says,“Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise,parents think theyre building their childrens confidence,when,in fact,it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and,when given in a way thats insincere,make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents praise has put them.Still,dont go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like theyre not good enough or that you dont care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise?Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,”says Donahue,author of Parenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that its the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if hes out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,cook dinner,or finish a book report.But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it._ 7.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。“Helicopter parents”is a description of parents who are hovering over their children in a state of extreme concern.They always show up to solve their childrens problems,protect them from real or imagined harm,resolve stressful situation,offer advice and get them out of trouble,even if they misbehaved.Although out of love and concern,it can have harmful effect on their childrens emotional development and future autonomy.Children learn through their mistakes.But if you intervene(介入)at first sign of struggle and finish your childs homework,hell miss out on valuable learning opportunities.Youre sending him the message that he needs to be perfect and failure is not an option,otherwise you wouldnt always take over for him.By constantly rescuing your child from stressful situation,youre sending him a message that you dont believe hes capable of taking care of himself.Children develop self-esteem by learning how to complete challenge on their own.If you are always intervening,hes denied this vital stage in his growth.As a result,your child may lack the confidence necessary to do well in school,pursue hobbies and interests,and develop friendships.If youre always taking care of everything for your child,itll be more difficult for him to become independent.As an adult,he might find it hard to take care of himself,because hes never developed coping skills to deal with lifes challenges.He might suffer from irrational fears,anxiety and depression,which could lead him to drop out of college or frequently change jobs,according to Dr.Michele Borba.Instead of developing healthy relationships,he might seek a partner who will take care of him or controlling,as his parents were.You can help your child become more independent by allowing him to complete tasks and challenges on his own without your intervention.Even if he fails at first,dont interfereencourage him to start again.Show that you have faith in his abilities to succeed without your help.Allow him to learn natural consequences.Even small things can help him become more independentmaking his own bed,preparing his own lunch,shopping for his own clothes and doing homework without your help._ 8.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 字左右的内容概要。In recent years,our parenting culture began to send the message that competence was important for building self-esteem.However,that same parenting culture made a big mistake by telling parents that the way to instill competence in their children was to tell them how competent they were.But heres the problem.Children cant be convinced that they are competent When parents try to convince their children of how competent they are,they often have the exact opposite effect.There is this little thing called reality that children have to confront on a daily basis.When children are faced with the conflict between what their parents had told them about how good they are and what reality is telling them,the result is the bursting of the“You are the best”bubble that their parents blew up for them.You can,however,do several things to encourage them to develop their own competence.First,you can give them opportunities in their daily lives to gain a sense of competence,for example,dressing,eating,drawing,cooking,and interacting with others.These daily experiences allow your children to develop specific competencies that will be helpful to them as they progress through childhood and into adulthood.Second,you can be sure that they gain the most value from their experiences.You can direct their focus to the competencies that enabled those successes(e.g.,“You were really focused and worked hard on that project.”)rather than some generic praise of the accomplishment itself(e.g.,“Good job.!).And you can praise their accomplishments(e.g.,“You must feel so