美国文学walt-whitman优秀PPT.ppt
Walter“Walt”Whitman沃尔特沃尔特惠特曼惠特曼(May31,1819March26,1892)wasanAmericanpoet,essayist随笔作家,andjournalist新闻工作者.LifeCareerAchievementWorksInfluenceLife WaltWhitmanwasbornonMay31,1819inLongIsland长岛。Hisfamilyisaworking-class.Atagefour,WhitmanmovedwithhisfamilyfromWestHillstoBrooklyn布鲁克林,livinginaseriesofhomes,inpartduetobadinvestments.AtageelevenWhitmanconcludedformalschooling.Hethensoughtemploymentforfurtherincomeforhisfamily;Heonlyhadfiveyearsofschooling.LocationofBrooklyn,showninred,inNewYorkCityLocationofBrooklyn,showninred,inNewYorkCityHetriedvariousjobsincludingofficeboy,printer,schoolmaster,editorofeightsuccessivenewspaper,journalist.Atageelevenhewasanofficeboyfortwolawyersandlaterwasanapprentice学徒ofprinterAtageofsixteen,asateacherintheone-roomschoolhousesofLongIsland.Atageoftwenty-two,heturnedtojournalismasafull-timecareer.Atageoftwenty-sevenhewaseditoroftheBrooklynEagle布鲁克林之鹰Career Career Atageoftwenty-nineWhitmanlosthispositionbecausehispoliticalstandpointwasoppositetohisboss.attheBrooklynEagleaftersidingwiththeDemocraticparty民主党againstthenewspapersowner,IsaacVanAnden,whobelongedtoRepublicanparty共和党DuringtheCivilWar南北斗争,Whitmanworkedasavolunteernurse,a“wounddresser”inmilitaryhospitals.AftertheCivilWarHeworkedasaclerkinthehomeofficebutwasfiredbecausethehomeofficeminister部长dislikedhisworkLeavesOfGrass百草集Civilwar南北斗争The American Civil War was an internal conflict fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States南方联邦南方联邦 of America.The Union won the war北方北方联邦联邦.In order to safeguard the unification of the country,then,The Union evolved into a revolutionary war against slavery歼灭奴隶制歼灭奴隶制.AchievementIn1842HepublishedhisfirstnovelFranklinEvans富兰克林埃文斯In1855,WhitmanhepublishedthefirsteditionofLeavesofGrasswithhisownmoney,whichconsistedoftwelveuntitledpoemsandapreface.Atthatyearhisfatherdied.In1856Whitmanreleasedasecondeditionofthebook,containingthirty-threepoems,aletterfromRalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生praisingthefirstedition,andalongopenletterbyWhitmaninresponse.Ralph Waldo EmersonRalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生(May25,1803April27,1882),wasanAmericanessayist,lecturer,andpoet.EmersonwastherepresentativeofAmericanculturalspirit确立美国文化精神的代表人AchievementIn1865Lincolnwasassassinated暗杀,Waltwasinmourning悼念forLincolntowriteWhenLilacsLastintheDooryardBloom最近紫丁香在庭院里开放的时候DuringcivilwarhiscollectionofpoemsDrum-Taps桴鼓集publishedinLeavesOfGrass.In1876HepublishedthesixtheditionofLeavesOfGrassTocommemoratethe100anniversaryofthedeclarationofindependence纪念独立宣言的100周年In1885Tocommemoratethe20anniversaryofthedeathofLincolnhemadepoem献给那个被钉在十字架上的人latercollectedintoLeavesOfGrass1891年thenintheditionthatisthelasteditionofLeavesOfGrasswaspublished.In1861WaltmanuscriptWitchesWhitmandiedin1892becauseofhisbadhealth.Heunmarrriedallhislife.HewasburiedinHarleigh（哈利公墓）he designed.WorksFranklin Evans(1842)-富兰克林富兰克林埃文斯埃文斯Leaves Of Grass(1855)nineeditions九版 -草叶集草叶集Drum-Taps(1865)桴鼓集桴鼓集SpecimenDays(1882)-典型的日子典型的日子 Song of myself自我之歌自我之歌O Captain!my Captain!啊，船长！我的船长！啊，船长！我的船长！When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom 最近紫丁香在庭院里开放的时候 I sit and look out 坐观世界坐观世界Song of myselfnIcelebratemyself,andsingmyself,我赞美我自己，歌颂我自己，AndwhatIassumeyoushallassume,我所担当的一切,你也必需担当，Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou.因为属于我的每一个原子,也同样属于你。Iloafeandinvitemysoul,我闲游,并邀我的灵魂同往，Ileanandloafeatmyeaseobservingaspearofsummergrass.我悠然地俯视一片夏天的草叶。Song of myselfnMytongue,everyatomofmyblood,formdfromthissoil,thisair,我的舌头，我血液中的每个原子，都由这泥土、这空气所形成Bornhereofparentsbornherefromparentsthesame,andtheirparentsthesame,我生于这里，我的父母生于这里，他们的父母也生于这里，I,nowthirty-sevenyearsoldinperfecthealthbegin,我如今三十七岁，在健康良好的状况下动身，Hopingtoceasenottilldeath.愿至死方休。nCreedsandschoolsinabeyance,教条和学派先放一旁，Retiringbackawhilesufficedatwhattheyare,butneverforgotten,让他们暂且后退，满足于现状，但不被遗忘，Iharborforgoodorbad,Ipermittospeakateveryhazard,我心怀善与恶，我要不顾一切地述说，Naturewithoutcheckwithoriginalenergy.自然那原始的活力，不受任何的阻扰。Leaves Of GrassTheme of Leaves Of Grass nInthisgiantwork,openness,freedom,andaboveall,individualismareallthatconcernedhim.nTranscendentpoweroflove,brotherhood,andcomradeship（同志关系）nWhitmanextols赞美theidealsofequality同等anddemocracy民主andcelebratesthedignity尊严,theself-reliantspirit自食其力的精神andthejoyofthecommonman.Whitmans poetic Stylen1.TheuseofthepoeticI.n2.Theuseoffreeverse.3.Theuseofparallelismandphoneticrecurrence.1.InthebookofpoemsLeavesofGrass,hegaveAmericaitsfirstgenuineepicpoem史诗.2.Thepoeticstylehedevisedisnowcalledfreeverse自由体.3.WhitmansinfluenceovermodernpoetryisgreatintheworldaswellasinAmerica.HisbestworkhasbecomepartofthecommonpropertyofWesternculture.LiteraryinfluenceLiteraryinfluence1.InthebookofpoemsLeavesofGrass,hegaveAmericaitsfirstgenuineepicpoem史诗.2.Thepoeticstylehedevisedisnowcalledfreeverse自由体.3.WhitmansinfluenceovermodernpoetryisgreatintheworldaswellasinAmerica.HisbestworkhasbecomepartofthecommonpropertyofWesternculture.HisImportance1)HeisthegreattypicalAmericanpoetinAmerica.2)WhitmansgreatcontributiontoAmericanliteratureishisuseoffreeverse自由体.3)histhoughtofdemocracy民主havebeeninfluentialinworldliterature,andremaintheinspiringsourceof20th-centuryliterature.4)WhitmansinfluenceovermodernpoetryisgreatintheworldaswellasinAmerica.Hisbestworkhasbecomepartofthecommonpropertyofwesternculture.Manylaterpoetsareonhisdebts.Influence 1.HehasbeencomparedtoamountaininAmericanliteraryhistory,influencingthe20thcenturyworldliterature.2.HisbestworkhasbecomepartofthecommonpropertyofWesternculture.3.Whitmanwasoneofthegreatinnovators创新者inAmericanliterature.4.WaltWhitmanhasbeenclaimedasAmericasfirstpoetofdemocracy,atitlemeanttoreflecthisgoodability.SongofMyselfIn“SongofMyself”自我之歌,Whitmansetsforthtwoprincipalbeliefs:1.thetheoryofuniversality,whichisillustratedbylengthycataloguesofpeopleandthings.The“I”,beholdingnatureandmanalike.Thewholepoemendsonanextremelytranscendentalnote:“Iamlarge,Icontainmultitudes.2.Theotherbeliefisinthesingularityandequalityofallbeingsinvalues.SongofMyselfrevealsaworldofequality,withoutrankandhierarchy.O Captain!My Captain!O Captain!My Captain!OCaptain!myCaptain!OCaptain!myCaptain!ourfearfultripisdone,Theshiphasweatherdeveryrack,theprizewesoughtiswon,Theportisnear,thebellsIhear,thepeopleallexulting,Whilefolloweyesthesteadykeel,thevesselgrimanddaring;ButOheart!heart!heart!Othebleedingdropsofred,WhereonthedeckmyCaptainlies,Fallencoldanddead.哦船长，我的船长！我们险恶的航程已经告终，我们的船安渡过惊涛骇浪，我们寻求的奖赏已赢得手中。港口已经不远，钟声我已听见，万千人众在欢呼呼喊，目迎着我们的船从容返航，我们的船威历而且英勇。可是，心啊！心啊！心啊！哦殷红的血滴流泻，在甲板上，那里躺着我的船长，他已倒下，已死去，已冷却。OCaptain!myCaptain!OCaptain!myCaptain!riseupandhearthebells;Riseup-foryoutheflagisflung-foryouthebugletrills,Foryoubouquetsandribbondwreaths-foryoutheshorescrowding,Foryoutheycall,theswayingmass,theireagerfaceturning;Here,Captain!dearfather!Thisarmbeneathyourhead;ItissomedreamthatonthedeckYouvefallencoldanddead.啊，船长！我的船长！起来吧，倾听钟声；起来吧，号角为您长鸣，旌旗为您高悬；迎着您，多少花束花圈-候着您，千万人蜂拥岸边；他们向您高呼，拥来挤去，仰起殷切的脸；啊，船长！敬爱的父亲！我的手臂托着您的头！莫非是一场梦：在甲板上您到下去，冰冷，永别。OCaptain!myCaptain!MyCaptaindoesnotanswer,hislipsarepaleandstill,Myfatherdoesnotfeelmyarm,hehasnopulsenorwill,Theshipisanchoredsafeandsound,itsvoyageclosedanddone,Fromfearfultripthevictorshipcomesinwithobjectwon;ExultOshores,andringObells!ButI,withmournfultread,WalkthedeckmyCaptainlies,Fallencoldanddead.我们的船长不作回答，他的双唇惨白、安静，我的父亲不能感觉我的手臂，他已没有脉搏、没有生命，我们的船已平安抛锚碇泊，航行已完成，已告终，成功的船从险恶的旅途归来，我们寻求的已赢得手中。欢呼，哦，海岸！轰鸣，哦，洪钟！可是，我却轻移哀痛的步履，在甲板上，那里躺着我的船长，他已倒下，已死去，已冷却。Thank you!外国语学院B1410林玉婷0314140110
