高中英语必修三-unit4-全单元课件资料优秀PPT.ppt

中学英中学英语必修三必修三Unit4Words1.intime:soonerorlater;eventually迟早；最终；最迟早；最终；最终终intime(forsth/todosth):notlateintime(forsth/todosth):notlate刚好；不迟刚好；不迟刚好；不迟刚好；不迟Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。她来得及回来准备晚饭。她来得及回来准备晚饭。她来得及回来准备晚饭。Illseehimintime.总有一天我会遇见他。总有一天我会遇见他。in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime合合/不合节拍不合节拍Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。beharmfulto对对有害有害doharmtosb.=dosb.harm损害某人，对某人有害处损害某人，对某人有害处1)Pollutionisespeciallyharmfultoanimals.2)Smokingwilldoyoualotofharm.Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todoItdoesnoharnforyoutoopenthewindow.Thereisnoharmin(sb.s)doingsth.Thereisnoharmin(your)openingthewindow.2.2.3.multiply(数目上数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖 1)Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.2)2and5multiplytomake10.4)Theplantsheremultiplyrapidly.3)6multipliedby5is30.=Multiply6by5tomake30.4.preventsbfrom(doing)sth=stopsbfromdoingsth阻挡.做.”在主动语态中from可以省略，被动语态中不行。Howtoprevent/stopthis(from)happening.Itsnationalsmaybeprevented/stoppedfromleavingthecountry.keepsbfromdoingsth中的from无论在主动语态中还是在被动语态中都不能省略。“阻挡.做.”,假如省略from,意思为让某人始终做某事Hekeptmefromgettinghurt.Hekeptmedoinghomework.5.puzzle n.谜；难题 v.（使）迷惑；（使）犯难Its puzzles me.feel/be puzzled about sth.对某事感到迷惑puzzle over/about sth.对某事苦苦思索 这个字母使我迷惑不解。This letter puzzles me.她对她的将来感到迷惑。She felt puzzled about her future.他昨晚冥思苦想一道数学题。He puzzled over/about a math problem last night.puzzling adj.使迷惑的 puzzled adj.迷惑的；困惑的6.breakoutvt.&vi.（斗争、打斗等不开心事务）突然发生，爆发;突然发生，爆发;向外砸开;也可以表示突然大声叫喊等。Thewarbrokeoutin1937.Afirebreakoutlastnight.Shebrokeout,“Thatistoounfair!”takeplace表示“发生、实行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事务的“发生”，即这种事务的发生确定有某种缘由或事先的支配。例如：TheOlympicGamesof2008tookplaceinBeijing.happen作“发生、碰巧”解，常指具体事务的发生，特殊指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”，一般用于偶然或突发性事务。例如：A storm happened across the river in anothercountry.occur作“发生、想到、突然想起”解，其意义相当于happen。例如：Whathasoccurred?(=Whathashappened?)comeabout表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。例如：When Mother woke up,she didnt know whathadcomeabout.1.Whatsthemeaningoftheword“Astronomy”?I.Warmingupl行星thescienceofstars;2.Doyouknowthefollowingterms?star,planet,thesun/moon/earth,solarsystem太阳系3.Howmanyplanetsareinthesolarsystem?恒星ScientistsnowthinkPlutoistoosmalltobecalledaplanet.4.Doyouknowthecorrectorderoftheirdistancetothesun?nearesttothesun?farthesttothesun?5.Thenamesofeightplanets.Mercurym:kjriVenusEarthMarsJupiterdu:ptSaturnstnUranusjrnsNeptuneneptu:n,-tju:n1)水星水星2)金星金星3)地球地球4)火星火星5)木星木星6)土星土星7)天王星天王星8)海王星海王星Inthisunit,welllearnsomethingmorescientific.1.Whatsthetitleofthetext?2.Fromthetitle,wecanpredictthatthetextmaytellustheoriginoflifeontheearth.Doyouknowsomestoriesaboutit?Panguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.Nvwamadehumans.1.Whendidthe“BigBang”happen?Readthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.2.Whatformwastheearthafterthe“BigBang”?3.Whatmadeuptheearthsatmosphere4.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?5.Whatsthesignificanceofthepresenceofwaterontheearth?6.Whatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoffish?7.Whatmadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth?8.Whyaremammalsdifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast?1.When did the“Big Bang”happen?Ithappenedseveralbillionyearsago.Scanning Readthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.2.What form was the earth after the“BigBang”?The earth was still just a cloud ofdust.3.Whatmadeuptheearthsatmosphereaftertheearthexploded?Carbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases.4.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?Astheearthcooleddownafteritexploded,watercameintobeing.5.Whatsthesignificanceofthepresence of water on theearth?Itallowedtheearthtodissolve harmful gases andacids into the oceans andseas.6.Whatwasimportanttothedevelopmentoffish?oxygen.7.Whatmadepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth?Thedisappearanceofdinosaursmadethepossibletheriseofmammalsontheearth.8.Whyaremammalsdifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast?Theygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.ClosereadingI.Read the passage carefullyand match the main ideawitheachparagraph.Para.1Theformation(形成)oftheearth.Para.2Theimportanceofwaterforlife.Para.3Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse.Para.4Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth.Para.5Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth.Detailed readingStage1:ThedevelopmentoftheearthStage2:Thedevelopmentoflife(para13)(para45)Stage1:Thedevelopmentoftheearth(1)AftertheBigBang,whatwastheearthlike?acloudofdustasolidglobeexplodedwithfireandrockproducedwatervapourandgases(2)Whathappenednext?(3)Whatdidthewatervapourandgasesform?theearthsatmosphereWaterappeared(4)Whatappearedastheearthcooleddown?water is important for the beginning of life on the earth.Why is water so important for the beginning of life?Becausewaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesintooceansandseas.Stage2 The development of lifesmallplantsappearsinwater1.Whatlifedevelopedafterwaterappeared?Shellfishandallsortsoffish2.Whatlifedevelopedinwaternext?greenplantsbegantogrowonlandinsectsappeared3.Whataboutthelifeonland?amphibiansonlandandinthewaterforests4.Whatlifedevelopednextonland?reptilesappeareddinosaurdeveloped5.Whatlifedevelopedafterforestsappeared?mammalsonland6.Whatlifedevelopedafterdinosaurs?smallcleveranimals7.Whatlifedevelopedaftermammals?1.Whoarethesmallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeet?2.Aretheytakingcareoftheearthwell?Why?Becausetheyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.Theearthmaybecometoohottoliveon.Can you fill in the blanks?23456789101 small plants in watershellfishandallsortsoffish insects reptilesamphibiansmammalsdinosaurs humansplantsanimalsGreenplantsonlandforests1.Insectsandamphibiansappeared.3.Theearthbecameasolidball.5.Reptilesappeared.7.Theearthwasacloudofdust9.Shellfishandotherfishappeared.11.Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared2.Dinosaursappeared.4.Smallplantsgrewonthewater.6.Plantsbegantogrowondryland.8.Waterappearedontheearth10.Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBand”.12.Mammalsappeared.831091151741262Can you put the order of development of life into a time line?Ex.2onP27III.Fillintheblanksinthefollowingform.AtomsviolentatmospherepresenceacidsoxygenshellfishamphibiansReptilesexistedgavebirthtocleverdioxideIV.True(T)orFalse(F).1.TheearthappearedbeforetheBigBanghappened.2.Theoriginalatmosphereconsistedofnitrogenandoxygen.3.Themaindifferencebetweentheearthandotherplanetsisthatthereiswaterontheearth.4.Lifebeganinwaterandthenonland.FFTT5.Mammalsappearedbeforethedevelopmentofdinosaurs.6.Dinosaurscouldgivebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem.7.Humanbeingsproducetoomuchcarbondioxidewhichcausestheglobalwarmingontheearth.8.Accordingtothetext,humanbeingswoulddisappearintheend.FFTF宾语从句宾语从句Object ClauseObject Clause表语从句表语从句PredicativePredicative主语从句主语从句Subject ClasuseSubject Clasuse同位语从句同位语从句Appositive ClauseAppositive Clause名词性从句Noun Clause 从句一律保持陈述语序。从句一律保持陈述语序。主语主语从句从句同位语从句同位语从句表语表语从句从句宾语宾语从句从句名词性从句名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此依据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(SubjectClause)、宾 语 从 句(ObjectClause)、表语从句(PredicativeClause)和同位语从句(AppositiveClauseWho will win the match is stillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.The news that we won the game isexciting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句主语从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语叫主语从句。常用引导词：连接词：that(无词义)whetherThathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whetherwestayornotmakesnodifference.连接代词:who(ever)whomwhat(ever)which(ever)whoseWhowillgototheenergyconferenceisnotimportant.连接副词：whenwherehowwhyWhenandwherethetestwillbegivenisnotdecided.1.引导主语从句的连词是不能省略的。Thattheearthisroundistrue2.That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从 句 置 于 句 末，例 如：Itistruethattheearthisround.结构：a.It+be+形容词+that-从句It is necessary that 有 必 要 It is important that 重 要 的 是 Itisobviousthat很明显b.It+be+p.p.+that-从句It is believed that 人 们 信 任 It is known to all that 从 所 周 知 It has been decided that 已 确 定 c.It+be+名 词+that-从 句Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识Itisasurprisethat令人惊异的是Itisafactthat事实是d.It+不 及 物 动 词+that-分 句It appears that 似乎It happens that 碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether而不用if引导主语从句，Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion3.有时可用形式主语it代替主语从句：e.g.Itisstillaquestionwhethershewillcomeornot.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhentheywillstart.4.无论主语从句有多长，一般做单数处理。e.g.Whenwewillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.留意：以what起先的主语从句假如后面的表语是复数名词，系动词用复数形式。Whathewantstobuyarethreebooksandtwopens.1.Itisobvioustothestudents_theyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that2._wantstostayinahotelhastopaytheirownway.A.AnyoneB.TheoneC.WhoeverD.Who练一练！练一练！3.Itisnotimmediatelyclear_thefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.A.sinceB.whatC.whenD.whether练一练！练一练！_leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who_thesportsmeetwillbehelddependsontheweather.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That_isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It宾语宾语从句从句一个句子在复合句中充当一个句子在复合句中充当宾语宾语就叫就叫宾语宾语从句从句连接词：that(无词义)whetherife.g.Idontknowwhether(if)youarewillingtohelpme.连连接接代代词词：what(ever)who(ever)whosewhich(ever)等等连连接副接副词词：whenwherehowwhy等等特殊提示特殊提示1.由由连连接接词词that引引导导宾宾语语从从句句时时，that在在句中不担当任何成分。句中不担当任何成分。Imgladthatyouhavepassedtheexam.2.有有些些词词或或词词组组如如hate,love,enjoy,dislike,feellike,appreciate,take(认认为为),relyon,dontmind等等，习习惯惯上上后后面面跟跟it做做形形式式宾语宾语，再接，再接宾语宾语从句。从句。Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.3.在接复合宾语的句子中，为了保持句子平衡，用it作形式宾语，而将从句放在句 尾。常 带 复 合 宾 语 的 动 词 有：make/find/see/hear/feel/think等。IthinkitnecessarythatItakeplentyofwatereveryday.4.某些动词后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，如insist，order，request，suggest等。Isuggestedthatwe(should)startbefore5oclock.5.必需用必需用whether引引导导，不行用不行用if:1).从句后有从句后有ornot时时，不行用，不行用if:Idontknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.2).介介词宾语词宾语通常用通常用whether引引导导:Itdependsonwhetherheiscomingornot.3).后接后接动词动词不定式不定式时时。Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?4).discuss后面的后面的宾语宾语从句从句说说明明为为是否用是否用whetherImagine you are in this situation,and discuss whether youshoulddosomethingatonce.5)主语从句放在句首Whetherwestayornotmakesnodifference.6）表语从句和同位语从句Thequestioniswhetherwecangetthereontime.7)当it做形式主语whether/if都可引导主语从句Ithasntbeendecidedwhether/ifweshallattendthemeeting.6.用用who，whom,which(ever),whose,when,what(ever),where,why,how,whoever等等关关联联词词引引导导的的宾宾语语从从句句相相当当于于特特殊殊疑疑问问句句，应应留意句子留意句子语语序要用序要用陈陈述述语语序。序。Doyouknowhowoldheis?Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.She will give whoever needs help a warmsupport.凡凡须须要要帮帮助助的的人人，她她都都会会赐赐予予热热忱的支持。忱的支持。7.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动动词词引引起起的的否否定定性性宾宾语语从从句句中中，要要把把上上述述主主句句中中的的动动词词变变为为否否定定式式。即即将将从从句句中中的的否否定定形形式式移移到到主主句句中中。例例如如：Wedontthinkyouarehere.我我们们认认为为你你不不在在这这。Idontbelievehewilldoso.我我信信任任他他不不会会这这样样做做。假假如如主主句句主主语语为为第第一一人人称称反反意意疑疑问问句句常常与与从从句句的的主主语语和和谓谓语语保保持持一一样样；其其他他状状况况看看主主句句。例例如如：IdontbelieveshehasbeentoAustralia,hasshe?我我认为认为她没去澳大利她没去澳大利亚亚，是，是吗吗？I dont believe that he can translate thisbook,?Shethinksthatherhusbandisthebestoneintheteam,？canhedoesntshe1.Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.2.Idontdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.3.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?doubt问题确定句中用确定句中用if/whether否定句中用否定句中用that疑定句中用疑定句中用that1.Idoubt_heistellingthetruth.2.Weneverdoubt_theplanwillbecarriedout.3.Doeshedoubt_youarefromAustria?4.Imdoubtful_hewillagreetothis.if/whetherthatthatif/whether宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种状况下不能省略：（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，其次个that不能省；（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不行省掉。（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she wasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.宾语从句1.Heasked_foraviolin（MET1992）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid2Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.(NMET1997)A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever3.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodo_ittakestosaveherlife.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whoever4.The true value of life is not in _,but _.A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegiveC.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegive5.Have you seen Mary lately?My boss wants to know _.A.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalongC.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong6.Idontdoubt_hellcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether7.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that表表语语从句从句一个句子在复合句中充当表一个句子在复合句中充当表语语就叫表就叫表语语从句从句.连连接接词词:that/whether/asif/asthough/because连连接代接代词词：who/whom/what/which/whose连连接副接副词词：when/where/how/whyTheproblemisthatIamshortofmoney.Thequestionishowwecangetthere.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.特殊提示特殊提示1.主句的主主句的主语语是是advice,suggestion,order，request等名等名词时词时，表，表语语从句的从句的谓语谓语要虚要虚拟拟。Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)gonow.2.主主句句的的主主语语是是reason时时，表表语语从从句句常常用用that；若表；若表缘缘由用由用because，表，表结结果用果用why.Thereasonforhisabsencewasthathewasill.Heforgotit.Thatwaswhyhedidntcallme.Hedidntcallme.Thatwasbecauseheforgotit.1.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_mymotherwillrecoverfrom the serious disease soon（上上海海01年年春春季季招招生生）A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why2.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Is that _ you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A.why B.what C.when D.where3._ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that4.Go and get your coat Its _ you left it A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethere5.Thecityisnolonger_.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitused tobe6.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.thatwhat与与that在引在引导导名名词词性从句性从句时时的区分的区分:what引引导导名名词词性性从从句句时时在在从从句句中中充充当当句句子子成分成分,如主如主语语,宾语宾语,表表语语等等.that在句子中只起在句子中只起连连接作用接作用,没有意没有意义义.(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thattheearthgoesaroundthesuniswell-knowntoeverybody.典型错误及归纳找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?2.Idontknowwherehashegone.3.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatthematterwas.Canyoutellmehowmanystudentsthereareinyourclass?Idontknowwherehehasgone.Theowneroftheshopcametoseewhatwasthematter.规律一：名词从句中须运用陈述语序！规律一：名词从句中须运用陈述语序！找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot.规律二：留意虚拟语气的运用！规律二：留意虚拟语气的运用！问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？问题：此类虚拟语气有哪些关键词？找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris.Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent.HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.规律三：规律三：4 4种状况只能用种状况只能用whether whether：（1 1）位于句子开头；）位于句子开头；（2 2）前面有介词；）前面有介词；（3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句；（4 4）与）与or notor not连用。连用。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesntmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的状况规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的状况 下可以借助下可以借助“it”“it”而后置。而后置。问题：想想看是什么“适当的状况”？