2018年山东省中国海洋大学综合英语考研真题A卷.doc

2018年山东省中国海洋大学综合英语考研真题A卷第一部分：语言学(90分)I.Define the following terms. Use examples where necessary.(共10题，每题2分，共20分)1. morpheme2. meronymy3. sentence meaning4. performatives5.consonants6. syntax7.entailment8. concord9. pragmatics10.syntagmatic relationII. Describe the following sound segments in English.(共5题，每题2分，共10分)1.n2.f3.e4.j5.A. True or False questions. Write T for true statements and F for false ones. (共10题，每题1分，共10分)()1.In the phonemic approach to phonology,linguists faced with an array of soundsusuallyuse the three criteria,i.e.,complementary distribution,phonetic similarity and free variation in deciding whether these sounds belong to the samemorpheme.()2.Speech Act Theory is launched by the Oxford philosopher John L. Austin whose posthumous work How to Do Things with Words(1962)has an enormous impact on linguistic philosophy, and thereby on linguistics,especially in its pragmaticvariant.()3.Whenpeoplespeakingdifferentlanguagescometogetherforacommon purpose, for instance, business, education or international affairs,they may need to agree on speaking a common language so that they could understand each other. Thelanguage chosen, then, is called a lingua franca.()4.Style is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to varieties according to use, and is analyzed on three dimensions: field of discourse, mode of discourse andtenor of discourse()5.Psycholinguistics is principally an integration of the fields of psychology and linguistics, and is the study of how individuals comprehend, produce,acquire, storeand retrieve language.()6.Single wordsandcompletesentencesare notconstituents.( )7.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthat presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if asentence is neglected, the original presupposition is still true.()8.Pairsofwordslikebuy-sellandlend-borrowbelongtocomplementary antonymy.( )9.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.()10.Sociolinguistics is interested in terms of“address”because they offer some socio-cultural information about the type of relationship between the speaker andhearer.IV.Multiple Choice.(共10题，每题1分，共10分)1.Of the three cavities. is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds.A. nasal cavityB. pharynx cavity C.oral cavity D.lung cavity2.A speaker may change from one language(varieties of language)to another according to his subject matter, the required formality and other factors in the course of communication. This linguistic behavior is referred to as A.bilingualismB. code-switchingC.dialect D.register3. is one of the suprasegmental features.A.StopB.VoicingC.Deletion D. Tone4. Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription with A.diacritics B.distinctive features C(. voicing D.articulation5.In P.Grice's Cooperative Principle,the maxim of means that you shouldmake our contribution one that is true when you are talking with someone.A.qualityB. quantityC. relevance D.manner6. Which of the following consonants does not exist in English?A.dental stopB. bilabial stopC.alveolar stop D. velar stop7.Inthe construction, there are more than one head which are all of equalsyntactic status and no one is dependent on the other.A.endocentric B.exocentric1C.subordinate D.coordinate8. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to,or stands for.is known as the theory.A.integrated B.sense relations C. propositional logic D.referential9.Ogden and Richards propose a theory that the relation between a word and a thingit refers to is not direct, but it is mediated by A.triangle B. concept C.meaning D.relation10.Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way ofexpressing his ideas in language.This variety of individual users is called A.social dialect B.regional dialect C.temporal dialect D. idiolectV.Draw labeled tree diagrams for the following constructions.(共2题，每题5分，共10分)1.in the forest2. The girl wears a red scarf.VI.Answer the following questions briefly.(共2题，每题5分，共10分)1. In what way do we say English is an inflectional language?2.Study the pronunciation of the plural forms of the following nouns in each groupand discuss the rules that govern them.a)tables, beds, pillows, sofasb)seats, bunks, cups, quiltsc)benches, bridges, mattresses, casesVI. Discuss the following questions as comprehensively as possible, givingexamples if necessary.(共2题，每题10分，共20分)1.Language has several basic functions and metafunctions. Discuss them.2.If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different. Give yourcomment on the statement.第二部分：文学(60分)I.Term Definition.(共4题，每题5分，共20分)1.Harold Pinter2. King Lear3.Beat Writers4.Local ColoristI.Answer the following questions briefly. (共2题，每题10分，共20分)1.What are the differences between Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson?2.In what ways is Charles Dickens defined as a critical realist?I.Short Essay Construction. (共20分)Read the following sonnet and make comments on it in about 300 words.When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,I all alone beweep my outcast state,And trouble deaf Heaven with my bootless cries,And look upon myself, and curse my fate,Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,Desiring this man's art, and that man's scope,With what I most enjoy contented least:Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,Haply I think on thee,and then my state(Like to the lark at break of day arisingFrom sullen earth) sings hymns at heaven's gate; For thy sweet love remembered such wealth bringsThat then I scorn to change my state with kings'.