【精品】历年专八试题分析（可编辑.ppt

历年专八试题分析历年专八试题分析TheCommonwealthofAustraliaCapital:CanberraPopulation:22,000,000ThesixthlargestcountryintheworldLanguage:BritishEnglishCurrency:AustraliadollarRaces:88%whitepeople,2.3%aboriginesNationalanthem:AdvanceAustraliaFairAnimals:kangaroo,emu,koalaNationalflower:Goldenwattle(金合欢）NationalDay:26January(1901)ThefirstEnglishsettlement:PortJackson(todaysSydney)GeographyAustraliaisthesixthlargestcountryintheworld,anisland,surroundedbywater.TheeastofAustraliaisthePacificOceanThewestofAustraliaistheIndianOceanItislocatedonthesmallestcontinentOceaniaintheworld.Majorcities:Brisbane,Sydney,Perth,Melbourne,andAdelaide.Thelargestcity:SydneyTheCommonwealthofAustraliaisaunionofsixstatesandvariousterritories.TheAustralianmainland:fivestatesandtwoterritories,withthesixthstateofTasmaniabeingmadeupofislands.AllstatesandtwointernalterritorieshavetheirownparliamentsandadministerthemselvesTheremainingterritoriesareadministeredbytheFederalGovernment.AustraliaThedesertoutbackcoversmostoftheinterior.Itistoohot,dryandbarrentosupportmanypeople.EasternAustraliahaslargeareasofgrasslands,usedprimarilyforsheepandcattleranches.Australiaalsohasmanybeautifulcoastalbeaches.Over70%ofAustraliansnowliveincitiesortowns.Mostofthispopulationlivesintheeasternandsoutherncoasts,andaroundPerthinthewest.OffthenortheastcoastofAustraliaistheGreatBarrierReef.TheGreatBarrierReefisover1,200milesofcoral.Ithasdevelopedoverthelastmillionyears,andisnowthelargestlivingstructureintheworld.Itishometomanysharksandthousandsofdifferenttypesoftropicalfish.TheGreatBarrierReefemuMuchofAustralia:acontinentalclimate.Australiaisalsoveryarid,gettingverylittlerain.Thelongestriver:TheMurray RiverThelargestlakeisLakeEyreTheHighestpeakisMtKosciuszkoGreatDividingRangeIndustryAustraliasmajorindustries:miningandfarming.Miningincludesbauxite(铝矾土）,coal,copper,goldandironore.AgrowingwineindustryBestknownforitssheepfarmingTourism:amajorindustry.Historical HighlightsTheNativeAustralians,orAborigines,havelivedinAustraliaforatleast40,000years.thefirstdiscover:William(Dutch)16061770,JamesCooklandedontodaysNewSouthWales,AustraliaIn1788,theBritishfoundedaprisoncolonyontheeastcoastofAustralia,inNewSouthWales.AsmoreEuropeansmovedtoAustralia,theAboriginesweredrivenfromtheirland.AustraliaisstillheavilyinfluencedbyitsBritishandEuropeanorigins.TheAustraliangovernmentisnowmakingmajoreffortstopreserveAustraliasculture,includingthatoftheAborigines.Questions1.Australiaisthe_largestcountryintheworld.A.fourthB.fifthC.sixthD.seventh2.ThePrimeMinisterofAustralianowis_.(JuliaGillad)3.Australias_sectoristhefast-growingsectorofindustry.A.serviceBheavyindustryCenergyD.secondaryindustry4.TheAustraliansenatorgettheirseatsintheSenatethrough_.A.voterselectionB.PrimeMinistersappointmentC.theGovernor-GeneralsrecommendationD.themonarchsgrant5.TheAboriginalpeopleinAustraliabelievedin_.A.GodB.theDreamtimeC.BuddhaC.thesun6.TheGreatbarrierReefliesoff_coastofAustralia.A.ThenorthwestB.thesouthwestC.ThenortheastD.thesoutheast7.Themineralsboomsin_resultedinamajorstructuralchangeintheAustralianeconomy.A.1850sB.the1890sC.1950sD.the1960s8.TheAustralianfederationhasa_systemofgovernment.A.two-tierB.three-tierC.four-tierD.five-tier9._isknownastheGreatDivingRangeinAustralia.A.TheGreatWesternPlateauB.TheGreatEasternLowlandsC.theEasternPlateauD.theeasternHighlands10._iscentralinthelifeoftheAborigines.A.TheseaB.thelandC.themoonD.thesun11.ThefirstfederalparliamentofAustraliawasinauguratedin_.A.CanberraB.MelbourneC.SydneyD.Brisbane12.Australiaseasterncoastisdividedfromtherestofthecountryby_.A.theCentralEasternLowlandsB.theEasternHighlandsC.theGreatWesternPlateauD.theGreatEasternPlateau13.ThecityofSydneywasoriginallya_.A.navalbaseB.convictsettlementC.religiouspilgrimageD.goldmine14.ThecommonwealthofAustraliacameintobeingintheyear_.A.1901B.1910C.1911D.191315.Australiaistheworldslargestexporterof_.(wool)16.ItsbelievedthatAboriginalcultureinAustraliaismorethan40,000yearsold.17.ThehistoryofAustraliabeganwiththearrivalofaborigines.18.ThefirstPrimeMinsterofAustraliawasEdmundBarton.19.InAustraliatheQueenisrepresentedbytheGovernor-General.20.Thecommander-in-chiefoftheAustraliandefenseforcesistheGovernor-General.21.InAustralia,theLiberalandNationalpartiesalwaysoperateincoalitionwitheachother.22.TheAustralianLaborPartyistheoldestAustralianParty.23.ThestateUpperHouseinAustraliaisknownasthelegislativeCouncil.24.AustralianNationalDayisJanuary26.NewZealandNew Zealand:twomainislands,theNorthandSouthIslands,andanumberofsmallerislands.NeighboringcountriesincludeAustraliatothenorthwestandTongaandFijitothenorth.Population:over4millionpeopleGeographyGeographyNewZealandisinOceania,intheSouthPacificOceanTheSouthIslandisthelargestlandmassandcontainsaboutonequarterofthepopulation.TheislandisdividedalongitslengthbytheSouthernAlps,thehighestpeakofwhichisAoraki/MountCookat3754meters(12,316ft).TheNorthIslandislessmountainousthantheSouth,andismarkedbyvolcanism.Longest riverWaikatoRiver(theNorthIsland)Largest lakeLakeTaupo,nearthecenteroftheNorthIsland.Itliesinacaldera(火山口）createdbytheOruanuieruption,thelargesteruptionintheworldinthepast70,000years.Capital:WellingtonPopulation:over4millionOver75%peopleliveinnorthislandThelargestcity:AucklandRaces:72%whitepeople,15%MaoriMajorsports:RugbyNationalDay:Waitangi Day（怀唐伊日）6FebruarycelebratethesigningoftheTreatyofWaitangi,NewZealandsfoundingdocument,onthatdatein1840climateNewZealandliesbetween37and47degreessouthoftheTropicofCapricorn.BoththeNorthandSouthIslandsofNewZealandenjoymoderate,maritimeclimate,weatherandtemperatures.PoliticsNewZealand:16regions,sevenintheSouthIslandandnineintheNorth,andanumberofoutlyingislandsthatarenotincludedwithinregionalboundaries.Thepolitics of New Zealand:a frameworkofaparliamentaryrepresentativedemocraticmonarchyTheheadofstateisQueenElizabethII,whoisrepresentedbytheGovernor-GeneralTheheadofgovernmentisthePrimeMinisterwhochairstheCabinetdrawnfromanelectedParliament.NewZealandisaunitarystateratherthanafederationregionsarecreatedbytheauthorityofthecentralgovernment,Thetwolargest,andoldest,partiesaretheLabourParty(centre-leftprogressive)andtheNationalParty(centre-rightconservative).Theprimeminister:JohnKey(fromNationalParty)IndustryMajorindustry:agricultureThemanufacturingsector:hi-technologyOthers:fishing,tourismThedramaticandvariedlandscapeofNewZealandhasmadeitapopularlocationfortheproductionoftelevisionprogrammesandfilms,includingtheLord of the Rings.CanadaANorthAmericancountry:tenprovincesandthreeterritories.ItextendsfromtheAtlanticOceanintheeasttothePacificOceaninthewestandnorthwardintotheArcticOceantheworldssecondlargestcountrybytotalareaProvincesandterritoriesThetenprovinces:Alberta,BritishColumbia,Manitoba,NewBrunswick,NewfoundlandandLabrador,NovaScotia,Ontario,PrinceEdwardIsland,Quebec,andSaskatchewanThethreeterritoriesareNorthwestTerritories,Nunavut,andYukon.theNiagaraFalls/CataractCanadascommonborderwiththeUnitedStatestothesouthThemostdenselypopulatedpartofthecountryistheQuebecCityWindsorCorridor,situatedinSouthernQuebecandSouthernOntarioalongtheGreatLakesandtheSaintLawrenceRiverclimateWinters:harshinmanyregionsofthecountry,Innoncoastalregions,snowcancoverthegroundalmostsixmonthsoftheyear(moreinthenorth).CoastalBritishColumbia:atemperateclimate,withamildandrainywinter.Ontheeastandwestcoasts,averagehightemperaturesaregenerallyinthelow20C(70sF),whilebetweenthecoasts,theaveragesummerhightemperaturerangesfrom25to30CTheArcticRegionhasthecoldestweatherinCanada.MostofCanadaslandismountainousorrockyorlocatedinthecoldarcticregion.So,onlyone-thirdofthecountryhasbeendeveloped,ofwhichfarmlandmakesup8%andproductiveforestland25%.TheGreatLakes-Superior,Michigan,Huron,ErieandOntario-andtheirconnectingchannelsformthelargestfreshsurfacewatersystemonearthThe35-mileNiagaraRiverlinkslakesErieandOntarioCanadaandtheUnitedStatesshare：theRockyMountains,theInteriorPlains,fouroftheGreatLakes,theAppalachianHighlands,andmanyrivers,andNiagaracataractisanexample.thelargestregionistheCanadianShield,whichmakesupabouthalfofthecountryandcentersroundtheHudsonBay.Itconsistsofancientrocksthatwereformedintheremoteantiquity.Definition:thePrairiesTheprairieprovincesofAlberta,SaskatchewanandManitobalieeastoftheRockies.Theprairiesareflatandfeaturelessandhaveaharshcontinentalclimate.TheyarecalledthebreadbasketofCanadabecausethelandiswell-suitedtofarming,andwheatisoneofthebiggestagriculturalcropsinthisarea.TheprairiesarealsorichinnaturalresourcesCentralCanadaCentralCanada,OntarioandQuebec,arethepartsofthecountrythatwerefirstsettled.Theyaretheindustrialheartlandofthecountryandarealsothemostdenselypopulatedprovinces.TheyhavethelargestcitieslikeTorontoandMontreal.theMaritimesTheAtlanticprovincesofNewBrunswick,NovaScotia,PrinceEdwardIslandandNewfoundlandarealsoknownastheMaritimes.Theyaresmallinpopulationandlargelyrelyonthefishingindustryfortheireconomicwealth.Theyarerichinfarmingandforestryproductsandarequitepopulartouristattractions.Capital:OttawaThelargestcity:Toronto(Ontario)Nationaltree:Maple(NationofMaple)Population:33,500,000MostofpeoplefromEurope,3%aborigines(Indians,Innuits,formerlyknownasEskimos)ArcticislandsregionMajorcities:Ottawa,Toronto,Vancouver,MontrealOfficiallanguage:English,FrenchTheLongestriver:TheMackenzie River(马更马更些河些河),originatesinGreatSlaveLake,intheNorthwestTerritoriesThehighestpeak:Mount Logan(6050meters)BanffNationalPark(Rockies)National Day:July 1(1867)GovernmentandPoliticsCanada:parliamentarysystemwithintheconstructofconstitutionalmonarchy;themonarchyofCanadaisthefoundationoftheexecutive,legislative,andjudicialbranchesThesovereignisQueenElizabethIItheQueensrepresentative:theGovernor-GeneralofCanada(presentlyDavidLloydJohnston),carriesoutmostofthefederalroyaldutiesinCanada.Majorpoliticalparties:Liberal Party,Conservative Party,Le Bloc QubcoisNew Democratic Party,Green Party CurrentPrimeMinister:StephenHarper(ConservativeParty)On 6 February 2006,Stephen Harperbecame Prime Minister of CanadaEconomyCanadianeconomyisdominatedbytheserviceindustryAgricultural,energy,forestryandminingexportsaccountedforabout58%ofCanadastotalexportsExportsaccountedforapproximately30%ofCanadasGDP.CanadahasconsiderablenaturalresourcesspreadacrossitsvariedregionsBritishColumbia:theforestryindustryisofgreatimportance,whiletheoilandgasindustry:importantinAlberta,SaskatchewanandNewfoundlandandLabrador.NorthernOntario:hometoawidearrayofmines,fishingindustry:theAtlanticprovinces,Main industriestransportationequipment,chemicals,processedandunprocessedminerals,foodproducts,woodandpaperproducts,fishproducts,petroleumandnaturalgasCanadaisalsooneoftheworldslargestsuppliersofagriculturalproducts,particularlyofwheatandothergrainsAnimals