外文翻译-外文文献-英文文献-关于神华集团露天矿拉斗铲的应用研究.doc

Research of dragline application in Shenhua Group opencast minesABSTRACT:Dragline application is an advanced technique for opencast mining, which is integrated with mining, transportation and earth discharge. It can directly discharge the stripping earth into the earth stockyard. This technique enjoys the advantage of large production capacity, cost effective and the shallow-burden opencast Mining. This article summarizes the dragline application in Heidaigou Opencast Mine, including the dragline typethe analyses of the mining parameter and cast blast technique and economic and technological analyses, and also introduces the dragline application in Haerwusu Opencast Mine. The two examples witness the availability of the dragline used in Chinese opencast mines and its potential application as well.1 QUESTIONCoal is the major consumption energy in China. In recent years, the coal recovery at state-owned main coalmines, state-owned local coalmines and country coalmines in our country is 50%, 30% and 15% respectively. The recovery of our coal resource is low, for underground mining methods hold much more proportion. Why surface mining with higher recovery is not developed universally? Analysis founds that is related much to technology of surface mining .The railway transport technology was employed mainly in 60s,shovel-truck technology was developed in 80s. But shovel-truck technology has brought high production costs for a long time past because of many influence from fuel cost, mining depth, working bench length, haulage distance to the dump yard, etc. Furthermore, this surface mining technology, which working bench length is no more than 1.5 km, designed capability is no more than 15 mt, is not competitive in the market, so a new surface mining technology is urgently needed.The dragline stripping application is an advanced mining technology in the world, which integrates with three operations of digging, transport and dumping, can strip the overburden and dump at the spoil side of the mined-out area. This application is in worldwide use nowadays, for its easier mining method, no restriction of working bench length. Centralized operation, higher efficiency and especial advantages to almost flat-bedded deposit,2 RESEARCH OF DRAGLINE APPLICATION IN ZHUNGEER COALMINEShenhua Group Zhungeer Energy Co. Ltd, is an extra-large-size comprehensive energy enterprise integrated with Heidaigou Coalmine and an integral preparation plant with an annual output of 12,000,000 tons each, a mine-mouth power plant with an installed capacity of 2×100 MW and a first-degree single-track electric railway of 264 km long straight, and all facilities and equipments of the company are first-class and modern. With the development and industry reforms, the company gradually started to develop in a steadier and faster way. In order to match with requirements of the ambient electricity marketing, our company planned to expand the capability of exiting mine from 12 mt/a to 20 mt/a, then we started the dragline application research in Heidaigou Open pit since 2002. Here we take Heidaigou Opencast Coalmine as an example, mainly introduce the machine model selection, operation parameter analysis, cast blast technology and economic benefit.2.1.Availability of dragline application in Heidaigou Opencast CoalmineIn Heidaigou Opencast Coalmine, the thickness of surface soil is about 49 meters, rock layer about 56 meters and coal seam about 28.8 meters. The surface soil is to be stripped by bucket wheel excavator continuous system; rock and coal by shovel-truck system. The rock layer thickness ranges from 50 to 70 meters, with a lot of fractures, hardness of the rock f= 3 5. The coal type is lignite with features of low sulfur, extra low phosphorus, medium ash and high ash fusion point; the average calorific value is 19223-22154 J/g (4588 5288 cal/g), well qualified for power. The average thickness of the main minable coal seam (No. 6 coal seam) is 24 meters, the slope is no more than 3 5º, and the hardness of coal f = 1-3.Considering the coal deposit and rock condition, cast blast and dragline application will be a very suitable stripping method for the mine. The dragline can be located at the top of the coal floor, rock above coal top floor can be dumped into the inner dump, the left rock and the top losses still employs the original mining technology2.2 Dragline stripping operationDragline can be applied in four ways. The mine chooses one of them. To make a dragline stand on the extended platform leveled by a bulldozer after blasting, and dump the overburden into the mined-out area, refer to Figure1. 2.3 Stripping parameters are defined as follows2.3.1 coal mining working bench lengthThe minimum coal mining working bench length is related to the production scale. Coal seam thickness coal seam density and working bench advance speed, the calculation formula is detailed as below:Lmin = M/(V× h × r × d) = 2002 mTake 2000m for easier calculation. Stripping working bench length is 2110 meters, of 1987 meters is to be done by dragline alone, of 61 meters at each end walls is to be done under the assistance of other auxiliary equipments.2.3.2 Stripping working bench parametersStripping working bench parameters: the height of stripping bench is 45m, coal bench is 30m, bank width is 60 m, stripping bench slope is 75º, coal bench slope is 75º, inner dump bench slope is 38º, the blast drop is 31.5 m, casting factor is 0.25, coal haulage ramp width is 30 m, dumping material swell factor is 1.35, spoil height is 72.5m, average height of spoil yard is 60.8m.2.4 Plan of truck haulage in the pitWe designed two ramps at both end walls according To the features of one dragline stripping technology and tile complicated deposit conditions. In this way, the coal continuous production is guaranteed, for the: other ramp can be used when the dragline operation stops the access of one ramp.2.5 Dragline stripping stepsDragline strips overburden and exposes coal on the blasted level. While coal is dug at the right mining block, and transported by trucks from the right ramp. With the performance of stripping, some coal at left Mining block is exposed gradually, at meanwhile, the coal in the right mining block is gradually mined out, so the coal digging shall be moved to left block. At this time, coal digging is performed al both blocks, and coal can be moved out by both coal ramps. When coal-digging transfers to left block completely, the coal will be moved out from left ramp. At this time, cast blast can be conducted in the right block where box cutting is already finished. After dragline operated at left block moves to the limit of two blocks, dragline will walk from the top of blasted pile to the right block and start operation there. After dragline finishes all exposure of coal in the middle of the block, it will walk to left end wall and start next operation circle.2.6 Dragline production capability calculationa. Dragline annual production: m³b. Dragline annual volume of per cubic meter of bucket capacity: c. Dragline bucket capacity: m³2.7 Coal mining methodWe take the original coal mining method, that is, to expose coal over top floor of the coal seam, separate layers along coal slope, mine the coal by layers, dig and transport coal separately. Bench height of top No.6 coal seam is 0 12 m, middle No.6 coal seam is 1015 m, bottom No. 6 coal seam is 6m, the total width of exposed coal is only 60 m, so mining along the dragline working direction is the only available way.2.8 Cast blast(l) Borehole Drilling and Blast Method: we will employ a blast hole drill with a 270300mm diameter bit, 5060 m drilling depth and 70 90 drilling angle to drill through. We use multi-row millisecond cast blast pattern with 0.8 kg/ m³ power factor and 25% casting factor. In order to stabilize the stripping bench slope and minimize vibration, we plan to use pre-split blast, the pre-split borehole is 160200 mm, and space is 3 m, power volume of each borehole is 75 kg and distance from the maim blast hole is 4m. We take triangle blast hole pattern at both of rock layer and coal seam.(2) Vibration and Security Measures: reduce some explosive of detonation; delay intervals and detonation order; pre-split blast.2.9 Comparisons with the main features of shovel-truck operationIn order to explore the technical feasibility and economic benefit, we also studied the shovel-truck operation, and compared the main features, as follows.2.9.1 The main technical features of shovel-truck applicationMining Program consists: the overburden after extension of the mine will be losses, rock above coal top floor and coal seam .The mining technologies consist: BWE continuous system for losses and maximum stripping volume is 19 15 mm³/a, shovel-truck operation for the left losses and rocks, above the coal top floor, shovel-truck-brusher station-belt conveyer semi-continuous system for coal seam.Main equipments and Quantities: required equipment to reach planned production: 5 units of 14rn³ single shovels, 1 units of 25.2 rn³ single shovel, 9 units of 32 rn³ single shoves, 1 unit of 38 rn³ single shovel, 24 units of 108 ton trucks, 104 units of 154 ton trucks.2.9.2 main technical features of dragline applicationThe mining technologies consist: BWE continuous system for losses, shovel-truck operation for the losses above and under the wheel and in the northwest end walls and rock under the losses, dragline application for rock layer above the coal top floor, shovel-truck-brusher station-belt conveyer semi-continuous system for coal seam.Main equipments and Quantities: for BWE mining continuous system: 4 units 3100 rn³/h bucket wheel excavator, 2 units of 6200 rn³/h spreaders, 6780 m long belt conveyor (1.4 m wide), 6595 m long belt conveyor (1.8 m wide)For shovel-truck operation: Losses above and under the wheel and northwest end wall and rock will employ shovel-truck operation. Required equipments: 3 units of 32 m³ single shoves, l unit of 25.2 m³ single shovel, 4 units of 14 m³ single shovels, 42 units 154 ton trucks, 11 units 108 ton trucks.For dragline application: 1 dragline, bucket size is 85 m³, operating radium is 121.9 meters, and machine weight is 6718 tons.For the coal mining system: 1 unit of 38 m³ single shovel, 2 units of 14 m³ single shovels, 19 units of 154 ton trucks and 13 units of 108 ton trucks.2.10 Economic index analysis and evaluation of mining technologyCompare a dragline application design with shovel-truck operation design: Economic Index Analysis proves that dragline application in Heidaigou Opencast Coalmine is economically reasonable .It costs less, the increased production operating cost is 23.25 Yuan/t, 13.20 Yuan/t less than shovel truck design; It operates more efficiently, stripping capability of one dragline equals with 4 units of 395 B1 shovels and 34 units of 154 ton trucks; There is no capital construction needed, with dragline application, working slope angle increased, rock bench and coal benches are to be combined, so none of capital construction is required; Labor productivity will highly increase to 52.78t/p from 49.11t/p by shovel-truck. In a word, every index is superior to the ones of shovel-truck operation.2.11 Research of dragline application in Harwusu Opencast CoalmineHarwusu Opencast Coalmine is adjacent to Heidaigou Opencast Coalmine. With the construction and development of ambient power stations, coal marketing becomes larger and larger year by year, industry groups of coal and power joint operation gradually come into being. The coal deposit condition of Harwusu Opencast Coalmine is quite similar to Heidaigou mine, so dragline can be operated in the same operation procedure and method.Selected machine model: 1 2570WS dragline, 109 m³ bucket capacity, 107 m operating radium, 121.9 m boom length, 7413 t working weight.3 RESEARCH OF DRAGLINE APPLICATION IN VICTORY NO.1 OPENCAST COALMINE Shenhua Group Victory Coalfield is located in the middle of Xilinguole League of Inner Mongolia, the mining condition enjoys exceptional advantages, and it is an important coal base for power and chemical industries. Construction capability is 20 mt/a, which will be constructed in two phases: 10 mt/a production for phase I , to realize full production by 2009;20 mt/a for phase ,to realize full production by 2015. There are two kinds of major minable coal seams, NO.5 and NO.6 coal seam, angle slope is less than 5º, the average coal seam of NO.5 is 18.16 m, well developed; the average coal seam of No.6 is about 36.64 m, best developed. The overburden above coal seam is very thin, the average stripping ratio is 2.65t/ m³, and so opencast mining is the most advantageous mining methods. The overburden is of soft rocks mainly, rocks which vertical pressure is less than 6.0Mpa account for 89% more. The practical working bench length of dragline application is 1800m. Stripping bench height is 45 m, Selected Machine Model is 1570 WS dragline with 66 m³ (additionally increase 4 m³ more than needed) bucket capacity, 106 m operating radium, 115.8 m boom length, 34º boom angle, 62.5 m maximum digging depth, 51.2 m maximum dump height, 179.2 t maximum suspension load, 4559 t working weight. Annual advance is 200 meters; annual mining production is 17.28 mm³. All benches are to be dug directly without drilling and blasting except stripping rock bench, and the drilling and blasting method are to be applied is rather easy.6关于神华集团露天矿拉斗铲的应用研究摘要：拉斗铲在露天矿的应用是一种先进的技术，它能集开采、运输、剥离于一体。它能在采场直接倒堆，这种技术有很大的生产能力，对露天开采经济上是非常划算的。这篇文章主要介绍了拉斗铲在黑岱沟露天矿的应用，以及拉斗铲的型号，分析在经济和技术上开采范围和抛掷爆破，另外，还介绍了拉斗铲在哈尔乌素的应用。这两个例子证明了拉斗铲在中国现有露天矿中还有潜在的巨大的应用市场。1问题在中国煤是最基础、最主要的能源，最近一些年煤主要依靠国有大型煤矿、地方煤矿、乡村煤矿，它们的比重分别为50%、30%、15%。但我们的资源回收率却比较低由于地下开采占有很大的比重。为什么有着高回采率的露天开采在我国却不是太普及？经研究发现很大程度上取决于露天开采的技术。铁路运输工艺在60年代是主要的运输方式，单斗-汽车工艺在80年代逐渐发展起来了。但单斗-汽车工艺在一段时间过后生产成本会提高由于燃料的消费、开采深度的增加、工作线长度的增加、运输距离到排土场的增大等等。而且，露天开采工艺的工作线长度不超过1.5公里，设计能力不超过1500万吨，在市场上不具有竞争能力，因此，一种新的露天开采工艺是重要且必需的。在世界范围内拉斗铲剥离的应用是一种先进的开采工艺，它集采、运、排三种主要作业环节于一体，能在把剥离物在剥离后直接排弃到采空区，在当今世界范围内得到广泛的应用，由于它简单的开采方法，工作线长度没有限制，集中控制，尤其对平缓的矿层具有很高的作业效率。2在准格尔露天矿拉斗铲的应用研究神华集团准葛尔有限责任公司是一个特大型的能源企业，它下属的黑岱沟露天矿准备设计每年产1200万吨，一个关于更大的计划安装能力为2×100MW的一级单线电气化直线铁路264公里，还有公司所有的设备和器械都是先进的和一流的。随着工业的不断发展和改良，公司逐渐快速走上一个稳定良性的发展道路。为了满足现在电力市场的要求，该公司准备扩大该矿现有的生产能力，从现在的1200万吨/年扩大到2000万吨/年，因此我们从2002年开始研究拉斗铲在黑岱沟露天矿的应用。这里我们拿黑岱沟露天矿做个例子，主要介绍设备的选型、分析开采范围、抛掷爆破技术和经济效益。2.1拉斗铲应用在黑岱沟露天矿的现状在黑岱沟露天煤矿，表土大约厚49m，岩石大约厚56m，煤层大约厚为28.8m。表土有轮斗挖掘机采用连续工艺剥离；岩石和煤采装有单斗-汽车工艺。岩层厚度大约为5070m,需预先爆破，岩石的硬度普氏系数f=35。褐煤的特征是含二氧化硫低，含磷少，中等和高灰份掺和，平均发热量是1922322154J/g（45885288卡/克）,与这些能量等值。这主要煤层的平均厚度（6号煤层）为24m，倾角大约35º，煤的普氏系数f=13。考虑到煤的沉积和岩石条件，抛掷爆破和拉斗铲剥离方法的应用将会非常适合本矿。拉斗铲站立在煤层顶板，煤层上部的岩石能排弃到内排土场，剩余的岩石和丢失的矿物仍然需要原始的开采工艺。2.2 拉斗铲剥离环节拉斗铲有四种用途，矿山可以选择任意一种，为了使拉斗铲站立在延深的水平上在爆破后用推土机推平，直接把剥离物排弃到采空区，可见表1。2.3 剥离范围有以下原则确定2.3.1 煤矿工作线长度煤矿的最小工作线长度是