HIGH SCOPE(高瞻课程).ppt
HighScope1.TheHighScopecurriculumwasdesignedasapre-schoolinterventionistprogramme(干 预 计 划)aiming toalleviate(缓解)theperceived(感知)needsofchildrenwhowerepredictedaslikelytofailwithintheeducationsystem.高瞻课程作为学前教育干预计划的一部分被设计出来,它旨在缓解那些被预测可能会在教育体系中失败的儿童们的感知需求。2.It is one of many such programmesdevelopedintheUSA.它是在美国被发展着的众多这种计划中的一个。3.IntheBritisheducationsystemimplementation(实现)oftheHighScopecurriculum has not been according to theinitial(最初的)criteria(标准)butmanyestablishmentshaveimplementedthecurriculumasasystemthatembodies(体现了)goodpre-schoolpractice.在英国的教育系统中,高瞻课程并没有根据最初的标准来实现,但是许多教育机构已经实现了能够让这个课程成为一个系统,体现了良好的教育实践。1.The High Scope curriculum has aparticular pattern of expectations,roles,structuresandsystem.高瞻课程对于期望、角色、结构和系统有一个特定的模式。2.Withinthisstructuremanyofthefamiliarfeatures of pre-school curriculum areevident(明 显 的)-sand,water,painting,roleplay,construction(建筑)andoutdoorplay.在这个结构里,我们能十分明显的看到学前教育课程里那些熟悉的特征,包括沙子、水、绘画、角色扮演、建构游戏和户外游戏等。1.Thecurriculumisbaseduponarangeofpsychological,educationalandsociologicaltheories.这个课程是基于一系列的心理学、教育学和社会学理论。2.Theunderpinning(基础)psychologicaltheory owes much to Piaget:that childrenlearnbestfromactiveinvolvement(参与)withtheirenvironment.它的心理学基础很大程度上要归功于皮亚杰,这个心理学基础就是:儿童最好的学习状况来自于积极主动地参与周围的环境。3.This is interpreted(解 释)within aneducationalcontext(环境、背景、上下文)in a learning-through-play approach whichensuresthatthecurriculumisdevelopmentallyappropriate.在教育背景下,它被解释为“寓教于乐”的方法能够确保课程发展得当。1.ThesociologicalbasisoftheHighScopecurriculumisthenowgenerallyacceptednotionthatasocietyneedstofindwaysofallowingasmanypeopleaspossibletofunction(功能,起作用)wellwithinthe society,firstly as a philosophical notion ofequalitybutalso,perhapsmorecynically(嘲讽),asawayofharnessing(利用)allavailableskillsforthebenefitofasocietyseconomy.高瞻课程的社会学基础在现在已经是被广泛接受的观念,那就是一个社会需要找到方法使尽可能多的人在社会中充分发挥作用,首先作为哲学概念上平等的人,但同时,更具讽刺意味的是,作为一个利用所有可用技能的方式,来造福社会经济。1.Research into the outcomes(成果)forparticipants(参与者)in the curriculumshow that they are less likely to developantisocial patterns(反 社 会 状 态)ofbehaviorthanchildrenwhohadothertypesofpre-schoolexperience课程参与者的研究结果表明,与拥有其他种类教育经验的孩子相比,受到高瞻课程教育的孩子,有更少可能会出现反社会行为。1.InthiscontexttheresearchersintotheHighScopecurriculumalsoprovideafinancialforthecurriculum.在这种背景下,高瞻课程的研究者还提供了一个关于这个课程的金融研究。1.Theyclaim(声称、要求)that,inAmerican,foreverydollarspentonthecurriculumsevendollarsaresaved.他们声称,在美国,在高瞻课程上每花费1美元将可以获利7美元。1.These calculations are based upon anassessment(评估)ofwelfare(福利)payments,schooling costs,taxes lost andgained,thecostofcriminaljustice(刑事审判)and victim(受害者)of crimecompensation(补偿、报酬).这些计算是基于对福利基金的评估,教育花费,税费的损失和获得,刑事审判的花费和犯罪受害者的赔偿。ImplementingtheHighScopeCurriculumRoomorganization(室内分布)Equipmentorganization(材料的组织)ThedailyroutineTheroleoftheadultKeyexperiencesCognitivelyorientated(定位,确定方向)programmesChild-initiated(发起,自发性的)activitiesFrameworksDevelopmentalappropriateness.(适当,合适)Roomorganizationisassigned(分配,归属)to.被分配到,被投放到.islabeledwith被标志着.staticadj.不变的,平静的.ImportantsentenceEquipmentisassignedtooneoftheseareasandtheseareasmustbelabeledwithbothpicturesandwords.活动区的材料会被投放到这些活动区并且每个活动区都必须要相应地标上文字和图片。Equipmentorganizationintervention n.干预;介入;干涉silhouette/sluet/n.轮廓;剪影 vt使呈现轮廓;使呈现影子Aswithroomorganizationitisdesirablethatthechildrenmakethedecisionsabouttheorganizationoftheequipment.活动空间是有组织性时,孩子们有望自己决定怎样组织活动材料。Thedailyroutinesequencesikwnsn.顺序 elaboration.lbrenn详尽;精致;精心制作(或计划)verbally v:bliadv.言词上;口头地;照字面地incorporate nk:pretvt.包含;组成公司;使混合;使具体化;vi.合并;包含;吸收;混合;beincorporatedinto被包含到.vigorous vrsadj.精力充沛的;有力的;元气旺盛的 ImportantsentenceThisisdonealongsideanadultwhoencourageselaborationoftheplanand,whereappropriate,helpsthechildtorecordit.孩子们做计划的过程中会有一位成人鼓励孩子们将计划尽量做得详尽些,当时机合适时,帮助孩子们将这些计划记录下来。Thisrecallisoftenaccompaniedbysomeformofrepresentationsuchasdrawing,exhibitingtheirworkorverballydescribinginvolvedinstructured,oftenadultled,activities.课程的回顾通常会以各种儿童展示的形式呈现,可以是画画,作品展示,或是有组织性的口头语言述说。这些活动通常需要成人的引导。Theroleoftheadultdominate dmnetv.支配;控制;支配;控制;统治;占优势;俯视;高耸于统治;占优势;俯视;高耸于incidental nsdentladj.附带的;附带的;非主要的;偶然的;容易发生的非主要的;偶然的;容易发生的 n.附带事件;杂项附带事件;杂项TheadultsroleintheHighScopecurriculumistoencourage,demonstrateandassistbutnottodominate.在高瞻课程中,成人所担任的是一个鼓励孩子、管理孩子以及帮助孩子而不是控制孩子的角色。Theyarelistedfortheestablishmenttofollowandchildrensprogressinthecurriculumisreviewedwithreferencetothem.这些关键经验被罗列出来以供各种教育机构使用、遵循。孩子们在课程中的发展走向也会被记录下来供参考。Keyterms,conceptsandexperiencesThesekeyexperiencesformthefocusofadultandchildinteraction.Theymaybeformallyplannedinsmallgrouptimeorincidentalduringworktime.这些关键经验引起了人们对于成人和儿童沟通方面的关注。这些关键经验有的会被正式的规划到小组活动时间中或者经常被规划到工作时间中。Child-initiatedactivitiesandframeworks儿童自发性活动与框架1.WithintheHighScopecurriculumchildrencarryout activities as they wish but within theframeworkprovidedbytheteacher.在高瞻课程里,儿童根据他们所想的进行活动,但是这些活动是在老师所提供的框架内进行的。2.Thisdiffersfromachild-centredapproachinthattheactivityisbothchildandadultledincontrast to(与对比)the child-led,adult-respond model within a child-centredapproach.与儿童中心方式不同的是,在儿童自发性活动中,活动是由儿童和成人共同领导的,而与之相对的儿童中心活动方式则是以儿童主导,教师应答的模式进行的。3.It is important that the child plays at theactivitiesashe/sheseesfit.儿童能进行适合他/她的活动是十分重要的。4.Theframeworkfocusestheactivitywithoutdirectionorrestraint(约束).儿童自发性活动的框架将重点放在研究没有方向和约束的活动。4.Inthiswaytheactivityispurposefulratherthanrandom.通过这种方式,这些活动是有目的的而不是随意进行的的。Developmentalappropriateness发展适宜性1.High Scope is based upon the work ofJeanPiaget.高瞻课程是以皮亚杰的研究成果为基础的。2.Thus the environment provided and thesystemofinteraction(互动)aredesignedtomeetthelearninganddevelopmentalneedsofyoungchildren.因此,高瞻课程所提供的环境和交互系统是为了满足学前儿童学习和发展需求而设计的。3.Thecurriculumacknowledges(承认)boththedevelopmentallimitsofyoungchildrenandtheir potential for learning through guidedexploration(探究).高瞻课程既承认学前儿童的发展限制性,也承认他们在有指导的探究下的学习潜力。4.Thus the curriculum can be said to bedevelopmentallyappropriate.因此,高瞻课程可以说是具有发展适宜性的。GOODPRACTICE好的实践1.Itisimportanttobeawarethatthereareanumberofpre-schoolcurricula,eachwithitsownparticularviewchildren,childhoodandthelearningprocess.重要的是,我们要意识到现在存在着许多学前教育课程,每一种课程都有它关于儿童,童年成长和学习进程的特定视角。2.Theyallhavemuchincommon,forexampletheactivitiesandexperiencesprovidedforthechildren.它们有非常多的共同之处,例如,为儿童提供的活动和经历。3.Theydifferinthestructureandframeworkprovidedforchildrenslearningand emphasis(强调)they place uponcertainaspectsofthatlearning它们的不同之处在于为儿童学习提供的不同结构和框架,还有它们所强调学习的不同的特定的方面4.Childcareworkersneedtobeawareofthedifferentcurriculaavailable(可利用的,可获得的)asanimportantpartoftheirownprofessionalunderstanding.保育员需要了解不同的可获得的课程,将这些课程作为他们专业学习的重要的一部分。Thanksforlistening!