仁爱版英语八年级上册单元知识点汇总第四单元(10页).doc

-第 1 页仁爱版英语八年级上册单元知识点汇总第四单元-第 2 页基础义务教育资料欢迎使用本资料，祝您身体健康、万事如意，阖家欢乐！愿同学们健康快乐的成长。早日为祖国的繁荣昌盛奉献自己的力量。Unit 4Our WorldTopic 1Plants and animals are important to us.词性变化important（adj.）-importance(n.)danger(n.)dangerous(adj.)beautiful(adj.)-beauty(n.)sheep-sheep(pl.)欢迎使用本资料，祝您身体健康、万事如意，阖家欢乐。愿同学们健康快乐的成长。早日为祖国的繁荣昌盛奉献自己的力量thin-thick/fat(反义词)wood(木材)-woods(树木,森林).重点词组欢迎使用本资料，祝您身体健康、万事如意，阖家欢乐。愿同学们健康快乐的成长。早日为祖国的繁荣昌盛奉献自己的力量1.think about 思考2.enjoy the beauty of nature欣赏自然美景3.the life in the countryside乡村生活欢迎使用本资料，祝您身体健康、万事如意，阖家欢乐。愿同学们健康快乐的成长。早日为祖国的繁荣昌盛奉献自己的力量4.much/a little/a lot/even/a bit/far/still smaller更小得多/一点儿(表程度)而 very/so/quite/asas/more/too 后加原级欢迎使用本资料，祝您身体健康、万事如意，阖家欢乐。愿同学们健康快乐的成长。早日为祖国的繁荣昌盛奉献自己的力量5.give us happiness 给我们幸福6.talk about the photos谈论照片7.share the same world with them 与他们分享同一个世界8.be important to对重要9.keep a pet dog养宠物狗10.sing to us对我们唱歌sing for us为我们唱歌11.feed(fed)on以为食eg:Horse feed on grass.We live on rice.(讲人时用 live on)12.help to make the air fresher帮助使得空气更新鲜13.control(controlled)the climate 调节气候14.become smaller and smaller变得越来越小15.the importance of 的重要性16.in fact 实际上17.coverwith.用覆盖18.thousands of几千hundreds of几百five hundred/thousand trees 五百/千棵树19.living things生物20.less and less land to live on越来越少可生存的陆地fewer and fewer books越来越少的书21.in danger处于危险中-第 3 页22.in the south of China=in South China华南23.kill them for their fur and bones为了它们的皮毛与骨头而捕杀它们24.in the ocean在大洋25.as we know据我们所知26.live a better/happy life过着更好/幸福的生活27.run(ran)after追逐/追赶28.on the earth=on Earth在地球上on earth 究竟(用于问句中,强调)29.in the sky在空中in/onthe river 在河里/在水面上.重点句型1.Which do you like better，animals or plants？动物和植物,你更喜欢哪个?I like plants better.我更喜欢植物.Which do you like best，Chinese,math or English？语数英,你最喜欢哪科?I like English best.我最喜欢英语.2.Roses are the most beautiful of all the flowers.玫瑰是所有花中最漂亮=Roses aremore beautiful than the other flowers.=Roses are more beautiful than any other flower.(单数)3.Rainforests cover 6%(6 percent)of the earths surface.雨林覆盖着地球百分之六的面积.4.They provide places to live for thousands of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth.他们为成千上万的动植物提供生存场所,它们是在地球上其他地方找不到.Many of them live in the trees over(more than)30 meters from the ground.许多动物生活在离地面 30 多米高的树上.6.Rainforests play an important part in controlling the climate.雨林在调节气候方面起着重要的作用.7.Without rainforests,many beautiful plants and animals would die out.没有雨林许多美丽的动植物都将灭绝.8.Water is important to all living things.水对所有生物都重要.9.Water is necessary for all plants.水对所有植物都必要.10.They are the oldest type of tigers living in the world.它们是世界上最古老的虎种11.What should we do to protect them?我们该做什么来保护他们?12.Pandas are becoming fewer and fewer in number.熊猫在数量上变得越来越少.The number of the pandas is becoming smaller and smaller.熊猫的数量上变得越来越少.13.We must save every drop of water。我们必须节约每一滴水.14.The air in the countryside is fresher than that inthe city.乡村的空气比城里的空气-第 4 页新鲜.Grammar-形容词的比较级和最高级1.定义：形容词比较级：当我们对两个事物作比较时，其中一个“更”的时候，我们就用比较级。最高级：我们对三个或三个以上的事物作比较时，其中一个“最”的时候我们用最高级。2.变化规则：（1）规则变化：A 大多数单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在其原级后面加上-er 和-est：small-smallersmallestB.许多单音节形容词只有一个元音字母，其末尾为一辅音字母，且是重读闭音节。在比较级和最高级形式中，这个辅音字母要双写：big-biggerbiggestC.许多单音节形容词以-e 结尾，如 nice。这些形容词只需在原级形式后加-r 和-st：large-larger-largest nice-nicernicestD.形容词以辅音字母+y 结尾，变为比较级和最高级时，-去 y 改-i 加-er 和-est：easy-easier-easiest heavyheavierheaviestE.部分双音节和多音节的形容词（可与 more 连用构成其比较级形式，与 most 连用构成其最高级形式。beautifulmore beautiful most beautiful（2）不规则变化：有少数形容词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记，如：good/well-better-bestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleast oldolder/elderoldest/eldestbad(ill)/badly-worseworstfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest3.用法比较级用法：（1）be+比较级+than 结构可以表示一方超过或不如另一方的情况。He is taller than I.他比我高。形容词比较级之所指如果很清楚，它也可独立存在：This coat is longer.这件外衣较长。（2）比较级前面不能用 very,so,too,quite 等作修饰词，但为了表示比较级的程度，可以用much,a lot,a little,a bit,even,still 等作修饰词。例如：This box is much heavier than that one.这只箱子比那只箱子重得多。（3）比较级and比较级结构，意为越来越。例如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和了。-第 5 页Our city becomes more and more beautiful.（4）the比较级(主语谓语)，the比较级(主语谓语)结构，意为越，越。例如：The busier he is,thehappier he feels.他越忙，越高兴。（5）当比较双方只出现一方(没有 than 及其后面的部分)，且句中含有 of the two 时，比较级前要加 the。例如：He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的一个。（6）从范围上看，如果在同一范围内，形容词的比较级必须把自己排除掉，即自己不能与自己相比，而最高级必须包含自己。例如：他比他班的任何一个学生都高。误：He is taller than any student in his class.(he 包括在 any student 里面)正：He is taller than any other student/the other students in his class.(any otherstudent 里面已排除了 he)=He is the tallest student in his class.注意：如果不在同一范围内，比较级就不必把前面的主语排除掉。例如：Shanghai is larger than any city in Australia.上海比澳大利亚任何城市都大。(上海不属于澳大利亚，所以 city 前不必加 other)试比较：Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.上海比中国任何一座城市都大。最高级用法：(1).最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较，表示在众多人或事物中，其中一个 最。例如：Thatgirl is the tallest student in our class.那位姑娘是班上个子最高的学生。The red sweater is the cheapest of all the sweaters.在所有的毛衣中，那件红毛衣最便宜。(2).形容词的最高级在使用时必须加定冠词the，并常伴有一个表示范围的介词(in,of,among)短语或从句.of 短语所指的范围通常是一群人或一些事物，而不是一个场所；如果指一个场所，则用介词 in。例He is the strongest of the three.他是三个人中身体最强壮的。He is the strongest in our class.他是我们班里身体最强壮的。(2)当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时，最高级前不加the。如：The Chang jiang River is the longest river in China.长江是中国第一大河。He is our best teacher.他是我们最好的老师。（4）而形容词的最高级若在句中作表语，且又不与其它事物作比较时，前面不加 the。例如：We are busiest on Monday.我们星期一最忙。(5)one of+最高级+名词复数，意思是“最 之一”，如：He is one of the tallest boys in our class.他在我们班是最高的男孩之一。-第 6 页（6）序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级。如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河在中国是第二长河。Unit4 Topic2 How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake?重点词组fall down 倒塌another two terrible earthquakes还有两个严重的地震another+大于 1 的数词.+可数名词复数=大于 1 的数词+more+可数名词复数 lose ones life 失去某人的生命protect sb.from sth./doing sth保护。免受。的伤害ways to do sth.做某事的方法the missing people 失踪人口ask sb.for help向某人求助the number of。的数量a number of许多9.hear about听说10.a level 7.1 earthquake一场 7.1 级的地震11.hurt more people使更多的人受伤12.lose ones home失去某人的家园13.get the news得到这条消息14.run out of the door跑出门15.stay calm保持镇定16.the level of the earthquake地震的等级17.forest fire森林大火18.take a lift乘坐电梯19.keep you safe保证你的安全20.in the middle of a room在房间的中间21.close to靠近22.remember to do sth记得去做某事23.stay/keep away from远离24.try to do sth尽力去做某事25.get away from远离26.be careful of fallen power lines 小心掉下来的电线-第 7 页27.feel afraid 感到害怕28.move around四处走动29.call sb.for help 打电话求助30.turn off/on the gas关掉/打开煤气31.jump off a window从窗口跳出去32.cover your face 遮住你的脸33.with the help of the whole nation在全国人民的帮助下34.return to normal life 回到正常的生活35.be able to do能做某事36.start ones life over again再次开始生活37.send the army to help派遣部队去帮忙38.go downstairs下楼39.sth happen to sb.某人发生了某事二重点句子。1.Aterrible earthquake struck Qinghai.一场严重的地震袭击了青海2.Some people died and many people are missing.一些人死了，很多人失踪3.Im very sorry to hear that.听到那个消息我很难过4.How can we protect ourselves from the earthquake.我们怎样能保护我们自己免受地震的危害？5.I think the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 was more serious than this one,but the Tangshan earthquake in 1976 was themost serious.我认为 2008 年的汶川地震比这次更严重，但是 1976 年的唐山地震是最严重的。6.It killed more than two thousand people and hurt more.它杀死了两千多人并且使更多人受伤。7.Running out of the door can be dangerous.跑出门是很危险的8.Remember,the most important thing is to stay calm.记住最重要的事情是保持镇定9.Knowing some ways to protect yourself will help to keep you safe in the earthquake.知道一些保护你自己的方法将在地震中帮助保证你的安全10.Remember to protect your head and neck with your arms.记住用你的胳膊保护你的头和脖子。11.Here is the news from Wenchuan in Sichuan Province.这是一条来自四川汶川的新闻12.At 2:28 in the afternoon,on May 12,2008,a terrible earthquake happened here.在2008 年 5 月 12 号下午 2 点 28 分，一场严重的地震在这里发生13.With the help of the whole nation,people in Wenchuan are rebuilding their homes now and they are returning to normal-第 8 页life.在全国人名的帮助下，汶川人民正在重建他们的家园并且他们正回到正常的生活中。三重点语法1.形容词比较级和最高级。多音节和部分双音节在词前加 more 或 moste.g.(1)The telephoneis useful.The mobile phone is more useful than the telephone.The computer is the most useful of the three.(2)English is important.Math is more important than English.Chinese is the most important of the three.2.the number of 和 a number of 的 区 别The number of the students in our class is 50.我们班学生的总数是 50 人。Anumber of the students are playing sports on the playground.许多学生正在操场上做运动。Unit4 Topic3 The Internet makes the world smaller.一重要词组1.do some shopping购物2.a little+比较级有点3.and so on等等4.chat with sb.与聊天5.face to face 面对面6.find out the information online上线查找信息7.five minutes later(adv.)五分钟后8.each other互相e into being形成10.in the 1960s在 20 世纪 60 年代11.make sth.into use投入使用12.through the Internet通过互联网13.look like看起来像14.putinto把.放进15.make sth.adj.使某物16.Im not sure if/whether+句子我不确定是否 Im(quiet)sure(that)+句子我相当确信17.all kinds of 各种各样的18.share sth.with sb.与某人分享某物19.help(to)do sth.帮忙做某事20.not all 并非所有-第 9 页21.hurt others 伤害别人22.try to do尽力做某事23.spend.on sth./(in)doing 花做某事24.for the better向着较好的情况转变25.at the same time 同时26.some advice about一些关于的建议27.changeinto 把变成28.Its adj.(for sb.)to do sth.做某事对某人来说还29.look sth.up in a dictionary在字典里查找30.be different from与不同31.go to sp.for holidays 去某处度假二、重点句子1.The Internet makes the world smaller.互联网让世界变得更小。2.Im sure the Internet will become more and more important to us.我确信互联网将对我们越来越重要。3.Guess what!你猜怎么着！4.Im not sure if that is a good idea.我不确定它是否是个好主意。5.Im quite sure no scientist is going to put a computer into my head!我很确定没有科学家要将一个电脑放进我的大脑。Everyone can post information,and not all of it is true.人人都可以在网上发布信息，并非所有信息都是真实可靠的。重要语法：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语是补充宾语的成分，通常置于宾语之后。宾语和宾语补足语共同构成复合宾语。可以作宾语补足语的有名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语等。1.名词短语作宾语补足语。如：He called it Mickey Mouse.他把它叫做米老鼠。We are making our school a beautiful garden.我们正努力使校园变成一个美丽的花园。2.形容词短语作宾语补足语。如：The Internet makes the world smaller.互联网使世界变得小了。The news made her sad.这消息使她感到悲伤。3.副词短语作宾语补足语。如：Put them away,please.请把它们收起来。-第 10 页Dont leave with lights on.离开时请关灯。4.介词短语作宾语补足语。如：She found the dog under the table.她发现狗在桌子下面。5.不定式短语作宾语补足语。如：She wants you to call her back soon.她想让你马上回电话。I tell you not to do so.我告诉你别这么做。注：有些动词如 feel,see,hear,watch,make,let,have等用不带 to 的不定式或不定式短语作宾语补足语。如：Aspecial language makes computers talk with each other.一种专门的语言使电脑之间能互相通话。6.分词短语作宾语补足语。如：I heard someone crying.我听到有人哭了。I found all the windows broken.我发现所有的窗户都破了。