2023最新人教版初中英语中考知识点汇总（打印版）.docx

【知识梳理】I.重点短语1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. I ook I i ke7. I ook at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shopping2023最新初中英语中考知识点汇总（打印版）初一年级（上）II.重要句型help sb. do sth.1. What about*?2. Let' s do sth.3. It, s time to do sth.4. W s time for What' s? It is/ It' s5. Where is？ It' s.6. How old are you? I' m.7. What class are you in?I' m in.8. We I come to*.9. What' s plus? lt, s.10. I thinkWho' s this? This is-.11. What can you see? I can see*.12. There is (are). tell :“告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：He' s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。tel I a I ie 撒谎 tel I sb. to do sth. /tel I sb. not to do sth 如：, Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cook i ng/ do the cook i ngdo cooking作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking 为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多 类似的短语：do some washing洗些衣服do some shopping买些东西do some reading读 书 do some writing 写些东西 do some fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, much或定冠词。go shopping去买东西go fishing去钓鱼go boating去划船go swimming去游泳I ike doing sth. / I ike to do sth.like doing sth.与like to do sth.意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好 或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：He I ikes playing footba11, but he doesn 't I ike to play footbaI I with Li Ming.他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。5. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的，别的，如：Have you any other quest ions?你还有其他问题吗？others 另4的人,另4的东西.如：In the room some peopIe are American, the others areFrench.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。the other 表另一个（二者之中）one*, the other如：One of my two brothers studiesEngl ish9 the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文，另一个学中文。 another 表三者以上的另一个，另一些如：There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。6. in the tree/ on the treein the tree与on the tree.译成中文均为“在树上”但英语中有区别。in the tree表示 某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长 在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：There are some apples on the tree.那棵树上有些 苹果。There is a bird in the tree.那棵树上有只鸟。7. some/ anysome和any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要注意。(1)some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否认句和疑问句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn*t any water in the glass.在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依 然用 some。如：Would you I ike some tea?8. tall/ high(1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall,不用high,例如a tai I woman 一 个高个子妇女a tai I horse 一个高大的马说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high,而不用tall,比方人站在桌子上时， 飞机飞上天时，例如：He is high up in the tree.他高高地爬在树上。The plane is so high in the sky.飞机在空中这么高。指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。(4)high可作副词,tall不能。(5)taI I的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.9. can/ couldcan表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的“能力”。例如：Can you ride a bike?你会骑自行车吗?What can I do for you?要帮助吗？ Gan you make a cake?你会做蛋糕吗？(1) can用在否认句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的“怀疑“猜想”或不肯定。例如：Where can he be?他会在什么地方呢？ Can the news be true?这个消息会是真的吗？It surely can*t be six o*clock already?不可能已经六点钟了吧？You can11 be hungry so soon, Tom, you1 ve just had lunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么 快，你刚吃过午饭。What can he mean?他会是什么意思？在日常会话中，can可代替may表示“允许“，may比拟正式。例如：You can come in any time. 你随时都可以来。Can I use your pen?我能用你的钢笔吗？Of course, you can.当然可以。You can have my seat, I'm going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(2) couIdcould是can的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性(在否认和疑问句中)。例如：The doctor said he could help him.(能力)医生说他能帮助他。Li ly could swim when she was four years old.(能力)当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.(可能性)那时我们以为所说的可 能是真的。.could可代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如:Could I speak to John, please?我能和约翰说话吗？Could you?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：Gould you wait half an hour?请你等 半个小时好吗？ Could you please ring again at six?六点钟请你再打 好吗？ （4） can的形式只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也 能表示将来。所有其他时态（包括将来时）须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。例如：They have not been able to come to Beijing.他们没有能到北京来。10. look for/ findlook for意为“寻找”，而find意为“找到，发现二前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注 重“找”的结果，而后者那么强调“找”的结果。例如：She can' t find her ruler.她找 不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch, but he can' t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没 能找到。11. be sIeep i ng/ be as Ieepbe sIeeping表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉"；be asleep表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如： What are the chi Idren doing in the room?孩子们在房间里做什么？ They are s Ieeping.他们正在睡觉。The chi Idren are as I eep now.现在孩子们睡着了。12. often/ usua11y/sometimesoften表示"经常"，sometimes表示"有时候”，在表示发生频率上often要高于usual ly, usual ly要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词（be动词，情态动词和助动词）的 后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，那么放在句首。.We usual ly play basketbaI I after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go tobed early.有时，我睡觉很早。He often reads Engl ish in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。13. How much/ How manyhow much常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是How much is / are？How much is the skirt? 这条裙子多少钱？ How much are the bananas? 这些香蕉多少钱？how much后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为"多少"，howmany后加可数名词的复数形式。How much meat do you want? 你要多少肉呀？ How many students are there in your class?你们班有多少人？14. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for表示“对 有好处“，而be bad for表示“对 有害"；be good to表示“ 对 友好”,而be bad to表示“对 不好“；be good at表示”擅长，在 方面做得 好”，而be bad at表示”在 方面做得不好”。如：Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。Miss Li is good to al I of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。Li Lei is good at drawing, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。15. each/ every each和every都有"每一个”的意思，但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼，every从整 体着眼。each可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。如：We each have a new book.我们每人各有一本新书。There are trees on each side of the street街的两旁有树。He gets up early every morning.每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every只能用作形容词。如：Each of them has his own duty.他们各人有各人的义务。They each want to do something different.他们每个人 都想做不同的事情。16. 一般现在时/现在进行时 一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还有自然 现象；而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作（构成方式为am/is /are/+doing）oI do my homework in the evening我在晚上做作业。I'm doing my homework now.我现 在正在做作业。现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment或Look, listen等词连用；而一般现 在时常与 often, always, sometimes, usual ly9 every day, in the morning, on Mondays 等连用。We often clean the classroom after school.我们经常放学后清扫教室。Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看！他们正在清扫教室呢。初二年级（上）【知识梳理】2. best wishesI.重点短语3. give a talk4. for examp Ie1. on time1. on time5. short for6. a waste of timego on a field trip7. go fishingI agree8. next weekthe day after tomorrow9. have a picnichave some problems doing sth.10. go the wrong wayhurry up11. get togetherin the open air12. on M i d-Autumn Daycome over13. have toget home14. agree within the country15. in townal I the same16. in front ofnext to28. up and downkeep healthy29. grow upat the same time30. the day before yesterdaylast Saturday35. half an hour agoa moment ago36. just nowby the way37. al I the timeat firstII.重要句型have fun doing sth.1. Why don' t you？2. We' re going to do sth.3. start with sth.4. Why not*?6. Are you going to？27. on the I eft/r i ght side7. be friendly to sb.8. You' d better do sth.9. ask sb. for sth.10. say goodbye to sb.11. Good Iuck(with sb) !111. 交际用语We I come backto schooI!1. Excuse me. I'm sorry I'm late, because the traffic is bad.1.1, , m glad you can come.14. Thanks for asking us.15. How about another one?16. May I have a taste?17. Let me walk with you.18. What do you have to do?19. Do you Iive on a farm?20. Which do you I ike better, the city or the country?21. Which do you I ike best, dogs, cats or chickens?3.It doesn' t matter.22. Sha 11 we go at ten? Good idea!4. Happy Teachers' Day !23.Let' s make ithalf past one.6. What are you going to do?7. Where are we going ?8. What are we going to do ?9. I, m good at10. It, s not far fromOK.OK.5.That, s a good idea.24. Why not come a little ear I ier?Al I right.25. Excuse me. Where' s the nearest post office, please?26. It, s over there on the right.11. Are you free tomorrow evening?27. Im sorry I don' t know.28.You' d better*Would you and Li ly I ike to come overto my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?29. Thank you a I I the same.30 .Which bus do I take?IV.重要语法1 . be going to 的用法;2 .形容词的比拟级、最高级;3 .形容词和副词的比拟4 . 一般过去时31 .Go along this road.32 .What day was it yesterday?1.1 Im sorry to hear that.34. I hope you' re better now.35. Why did you cal I me?36. I called to tell 【名师讲解】on the street / in the street表示“在街上”时，on the street和in the street都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street.例如：We have a house in the street.我们在街上有座房 子。I met him on the street.我在街上遇见了他。1. wouId like/ I ikewould like和I ike含义不同。I ike意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而would I ike意思是“想 要”。试比拟：I I ike beer. =l' m fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。I' d I ike a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer.我想要一杯啤酒。Do you I ike going to the cinema? 你 喜欢看电影吗？ Would you I ike to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看电影吗？ 3. another / the other(1)another通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或 物体。例如：May I have another appIe9 please?请在给我一个苹果好吗？This coat is too smal I for me. Please show me another 这件外套我穿太小，请再给我 拿一件看看。(2)the other通常指两者中的另一个。例如:He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long.他有两把尺子，一把短的，另 把长的。 I have two brothers. One works in Xi' an . The other works in Be i j i ng.我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。4. have to /must(1)have to和must都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去 做而又想去时，常用musto如果谈论某种来自“夕卜界”的义务，常用have too例如：I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟。(自己想戒烟)They have to work for the boss.他们不得 不为那个老板工作。(条件逼得他们去工作)(2)have to可用于多种时态，must只能用于一般现在时。例如：I，11 have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.为了 多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时 间地工作。.用于否认句时，mustn, t意思是“决不能”，“禁止”，而don' t have t。意思是“不必”, 相当于needn, to例如：You mustn, t be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。 You don' t have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.你今天不必到那里去 了。你可以明天去。5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.hear sb. or sth. doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事"，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思“听到某人或某物做过某事试比拟：I hear him singing an Engl ish song. 听见他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an Engl ish song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。16. What colour is it (are they)? It's (They，re) 17. Whose is this? It' s.18. What time is it? It' s.III .交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr.2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? I ' m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.【名师讲解】6. Thank you! You, re welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. What' s your name? My name is 9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Who' s on duty today?11. Let" s do.12. Let me see.IV .重要语法1 .动词be的用法；2 .人称代词和物主代词的用法；3 .名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4 .冠词的基本用法；5 . There be句型的用法。1. in/on在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的外表之上。例如：There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。There is a picture on the wall.上有张图。.2. thi s/that/these/those(1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these是this的复数形式 that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those时that的复数形式。 类似hear这种用法的还有see, watch, I isten, feel等感官动词。6. any /someany和some都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中； any用在疑问句和否认句中。试比拟：I want some money.我想要点钱。Have you any money? 你有钱吗？ I don' t have any money.我一点钱也没有。some有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是例如：Would you I ike some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？Could I have some rice, pl ease?请给我来点米饭好吗？7. hear /Iisten toI isten to和hear都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作， hear 强调“听”的结果。例如：L i sten to me , p I ease! I' m going to tel I you a story. 请听我说！我给你们讲个故事。Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room?听！你能听见有人在隔壁房 间里哭吗？I I istened, but heard nothing.我听了听，但什么也听不见。hear后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说例如：.I hear some foreign students wi I I visit our schooI.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我 们学校。I hear there is going to be a film in our schooI this evening.我听说今晚我们学 校要演一场电影。8. Let' s/Let usLet' s 和Let us 都表示“让我们"，如果us包括听话人在内，其含义相同， 附带问句用shal I we.如果us不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Let us的附带问句要 用 wi I I youo 例如：Let' s go shopping, shal I we?我们去购物好吗？9. take/ bring/ carry /get这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring 意为“带来”，“拿来”，get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调 方向，带有负重的意思。试比拟：My parents often take me there on hoi idays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。19 m going to take you to Bei jing.我准备带你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please. 请给我端杯茶来。I' I I bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。The waiter carried the me to the table 服务员把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back. 猴子把那个包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。10. far away /farawayfar away 是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。例如：Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些离得很远，有些离得近一些的。The v i I I age is far away from here.那个村子离这 儿很远。(2)faraway是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”，可以在句中作定语。例如：He I i ves in faraway mounta i n vi 11 age.他住在一个遥远的小山村。11. find / look forfind和look for都有“找”的意思，但含义不同。find强调“找”的结果，而look for强调“找”的过程。请看以下例句：He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。I' m looking for my watch, but can, t f ind it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。I hope you wi I I soon find your lost ring.希望你尽快找到丧失的戒指。另外，find还有"发现“；“感到”等意思。例如：I found a wallet in the desk.我在课 桌里发现了一个钱包。I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思。12. in front of /in the front ofIn front of表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范围内。In the front of表示在某物的前 部，在某物的范围内。试比拟：My seat is in front of Mary' s.我的座位在玛丽座位的 前面。.He is sitting in the front of the car初二年级（中）【知识梳理】I.重点短语1. give a concertfa 11 down2. go onat the end of3. go backin ahurry4. write downcome outwith the driver1.他和司机坐在小车的前部。5. al I the year round6. later on7. at times8. ring sb. up9. Happy New Year!10. have a party11. hold on12. hear from13. be ready14. at the moment15. take out20. the same as21. turn over22. get-together23. put on24. take a seat25. wait for26. get Iost27. just then28. first of al I29. go wrong30. make a noise31. get on32. get off33. stand in Iine34. at the head of35. Iaugh at36. throw about37. i n fact38. at midnight39. enjoy oneself40. have a headache41. have a coughfa 11 asleep42. again and againlook over43. take exerciseII.重要句型1. be good for sth.2. I think I hope3. I loveI don' t I ike*4. I, m sure*forget to do sth.5. take a message for sb.6. give sb. the messagehelp yourself to sth.7. be famous for sth.8. on one' s way to*make one' s way to*9. quarrel with sb.10. agree with sb.11. stop sb. from doing sth.12. WouId you I ike . ? WouId you I iketo？III.交际用语13. Do you think . ? Yes, I think so. /No, I don't think so.1. What, s theweather I ike today?19. Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No,2. It, s cold,but quite suuny.don*t really agree. I really can113.How co Iditis today!agree.4. Yes, butit' I I be warmer later on.20. There are a few / a lot of . / on5.Sha 11 wemake a snowman?6. Ok. Comeon!21. So do we.7. Happy New Year!22. I1m happy you I ike it.8.May I speak to Ann, please?23. Which is the way to .，please?9.Hold on, please.24. Turn r i ght/1 eft at the cross i ng.25. Thanks a lot for inviting me to your25.Go on untiI you reachparty.26. How canget to .？ Go11. Ok. But I' m afraid I may be a littledown/up/aIongthis road.late.27.What1s thematter?12.Can I take a m