20212022学年新教材高中英语单元素养检测一UniteopleofAchievement含解析新人教版选择性必修第一册.docx

单元素养检测（一）（Unit 1） （时间：120分钟满分：150分） 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳 选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。Text 1W: Hey, how did you do on the exam?M: Ah, I got an 82. It' s OK, I guess. But I thought I' d get at least an 85.1. What does the man mean?A. He doesn, t care.B. He is very satisfied.C. He is a little disappointed.答案：CText 2W:If you scare me like that again, I' 11 yell and the neighbours will hear.M: I'm sorry. It was too good to pass up. You were just sitting there, and I thought it would be funny to throw the cat on you.2. How did the woman feel just now?A. Scared.B. Bored. C. Excited.答案：AText 3W: I remember you like French fries very much, but you seem to have a poor appetite today. What' s wrong?M:I, m on a diet. I have been advised to have less fried food but more freshvegetables.3. Why did the man cat so little today?A. He has no appetite. the importance of that as I' ve grown up this second time. I want to speak out and be as helpful as I can be. ”可推断出她想尽可能地去帮助他人,故选C。B（2021成都高二检测）What are scientists? They are often described as gray-haired white-coated dull scholars.But the world has changed. Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage.This is also true in China. Rising stcirs include new materials expert Gong Yongji, university professor Liu Mingzhen, and biologist Wan Ruixue. At the age of 28 in 2018, Wan Ruixue received the 2018 Science & SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists. This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers.She focuses mainly on biomedicine（生物医学）and artificial intelligence（人工 智 能）.wBoth are cutting-edge （前 沿）technologies at an early stage of development, “ she said.“So, I think they have great potential to be developed. I think in the study of cutting-edge technologies, China and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line. And in the study of structural biology, China is likely to become the leader. ”She felt it was her fate to become a biologist. "I grew interested in the natural world, when I was very young, “ she said. In 2009, she entered Sun Yat-sen University.In her third year at the university, she realized that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine. So she emailed China, s top biologist Shi Yigong, hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University.Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her. Years of efforts at the lab have paid off. Her research on the high-definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough.Unlike many of other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad,Wan currently has no plan to go overseas.“The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China, “ she said, adding the country has great science facilities.【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。年轻的科学家们正在世界舞台上发声，并释放他们的力 量。在中国也一样，越来越多的年轻科学家投身科学研究，对社会做出了巨大的贡献。他们 对中国的科学技术和科学研究充满自信。25. What does the underlined word “releasing” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Giving out.B. Getting over.C. Finding out.D. Taking over.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。由第二段“Young scientists are . stage. w可知在世界 舞台上，年轻的科学家们正在发出他们的声音，释放他们的力量。从句子中可以看到making their voices heard 和 releasing their powers 并列，可以根据 making their voices heard（发出自己的声音）猜测出releasing有“发出,散发”之意，故选A。26. What does Wan Ruixue feel about the study of cutting-edge technologies in China?A. Anxious.B. Confident.C. Disappointed.D. Satisfied.【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第五段可知万蕊雪认为在前沿技术研究方面，中国和世界上的 其他主要国家都站在相同的起跑线上。在结构生物学研究方面，中国可能成为引领者。从这 些话可以推断，为中国前沿技术的研究，万蕊雪充满信心。故选B。27. What can we learn about Wan Ruixue* s journey of becoming a biologist?A. Her teacher led her into the field.B. She finds it' s easier than she thought.C. Her contribution has been recognized.D. She thinks it' s boring but worth trying.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由倒数第三段可知施一公认可了她的才能，欢迎她加入。在实验 室数年的努力得到了回报。由此可以看出在万蕊雪成为生物学家的过程中，她的付出得到了 认可。故选CWhich can be the best title of the text?A. China' s Breakthrough in ScienceC. Wan Ruixue: A Successful Young ScientistNew Image of Chinese Scientists【解析】选B。主旨大意题。由第二段可知在世界舞台上，年轻的科学家们正在发出他们的声 音，释放他们的力量。由第三段可知在中国也一样。冉冉升起的新星包括从上述内容可 以看出关键词是China, Rising stars和Young scientists。所以文章标题是中国正在升起 的年轻科学家。故选B。C（2021 昆明高二检测）Sitting on the sofa in her family' s Michigan home in 2009, looking through the Guinness World Records, 10-year-old Winter Vinecki was surprised to find that the record for the youngest person to complete a marathon on every continent was held by a 27-year-old man. "I can beat that, “ she declared. "For Dad. " And she had every reason to believe she could.A natural athlete since the age of 5, Winter had been running together with her mom and uncle, both alhletes, and competing in races across the country. Soon, her name was appearing in national competitions. Trophies （奖牌）lined her walls.But in 2008, at the age of 9, Winter stopped racing for medals. In May of that year, her father found out he had caught a rare cancer. To raise awareness and funds to fight the disease. Winter started an organization called I earn Winter. Just 10 months after his diagnosis, her father passed away.Over the next three years, Winter came first in 20 of the 37 races in which she competed, including four Junior Olympics Cross Country Championships. Along the way, she raised over $ 400, 000 to help find a cure for cancer.Now 14, Winter is working on her world record to win her cause a place in the Guinness World Records. She recently completed her first marathon in Eugene, Oregon, a race normally limited to runners over 16, finishing in an amazing 3: 45: 04. 'T m used to racing with adults, and I think it' s kind of fun to race past them,“ said Winter before the race.With six continents to go, Winter has just begun a journey that will take her two years. "Every time I step to a starting line, “ Winter says, “I have one thought in mind: keeping my dad' s spirit alive.”【语篇概述】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了美国年轻的运动员Winter Vineckio她从五岁 开始跑步，后来她参加了全国各个比赛并取得了很多奖牌，在14岁时她准备创造一项世界纪 录，完成七大洲的马拉松，她一直保持着她爸爸的精神。28. Winter tries to break the Guinness World Record as .A. the youngest marathon runnerthe athlete with the most medalsB. the marathon runner with the most medalsthe youngest marathon runner on all continents【解析】选Do细节理解题。由文中第一段的1 O-year-old Winter Vinecki was surprised to find that the record for the youngest person to complete a marathon on every continent was held by a 27-year-old man. "I can beat that, ” 可知，这项吉尼斯世界纪录最年 轻的保持者是27岁，而温特认为她可以完成这项纪录，在年龄上打败他。29. What caused Winter to start the organization u I earn Winter* ?A. Her father, s disease.B. Her father* s death.C. Her uncle* s advice.D. Her mother, s disease.【解析】选A。细节理解题。由文中第三段的In May of that year, her father found out he had caught a rare cancer. To raise awareness and funds to fight the disease. Winter started an organization called 1 earn Winter.可知，温特是在父亲病了之后，为了筹 集资金对抗疾病，才开始创建I earn Winter这个组织的。故A选项正确。30. When did Winter finish her first marathon race?A. At age 9.B. At age 10.C. At age 14.D. At age 16.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文中倒数第二段的Now 14, Winter is working on her world record to. . . She recently completed her first marathon in Eugene,可知。温特是 在14岁的时候完成第一次马拉松。31. What does the word "them" in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. World records. B. Adult runners.C. Young runners. D. Marathon races.【解析】选B。代词指代题。画线部分所在的句子"I' m used to racing with adults, and I think it' s kind of fun to race past them,“意思是温特习惯和成年人比赛，她认为 超过他们很有趣，所以这里的them指的是和她比赛的成年人，故B选项正确。DWhat , s the most important thing in a piece of writing? Is it the story, the characters, the description, or the style? Obviously, you can' t choose only one. A great work succeeds in combining all of them in a great mix, producing a wonderful work.In most cases, you' re better at one writing element over the rest, and working on your strengths will work to your advantage. Building characters, however, is important to your writing. It' s not to be ignored no matter what your case is. So, how do you achieve that?Make Them RealThis is probably one of the most common pieces of writing advice: make your characters believable. What does it really mean? It means that your characters need to be there for a reason, not just for pushing the story forward. He/She has a real life, with his/her own fears and dreams, and you have to show this. Your chai'acters don' t need to be typical （典型的）to be believable. The unusual ones arc even more interesting, but it' s your job to make your readers relate to them.Understand Human Psychology （心理特征）To build great characters, you' 11 need to understand people, s psychology: what are they thinking about, what are they feeling and experiencing, and why are they doing what they are doing? Get behind the obvious. Be in the backstage with them. Sit them in a chair and let them talk away. If you truly listen, you* 11 learn.Be Your CharacterWhen you immerse（使沉浸在）yourself in your writing, you get lost in that wor 1 d and you start living in it. This is when the magic happens and you become your character. By putting yourself in your character * s shoes, you allow yourself to experience what you' re writing about first-hand. The more it feels real to you, the more the readers will feel the same, too.【语篇概述】写作中人物的塑造很重要。本文告诉我们如何塑造好人物。32. According to the author, what makes a great work?A. Being skilled at characters.B. Having some unusual characters.C. Using some special writing styles.D. Combining related things in a great way.【解析】选Do细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"A great work succeeds in combining all of them in a great mix, producing a wonderful work.”可知，好的作品需要将多种因 素很好地结合在一起，故选D。33. According to Paragraph 4, what should a good writer be good at?A. Knowing others, minds.B. Writing down the obvious points.C. Thinking differently from others.D. Starting conversations with others.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段第一句"To build great characters, you' 11 need to understand people' s psychology”可知，好的作者需要知道别人的想法，故选A。34. What should you do to build a great character?A. Write according to true events.B. Pretend you, re the character.C. Talk to others about your character.D. Forget about your fears and dreams.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段“By putting yourself in your characterJ s shoes, you allow yourself to experience what you' re writing about first-hand. “ 可知，想 要塑造一个好的角色，你需要假装自己就是你所塑造的人物，故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多 余选项。（2021 衡水高二检测）How to Fight Laziness?Lazy people will never gain anything in life. However, laziness can be defeated once a few changes have been made in your mind. 36 . Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work. These people have little motivation（动力）once they arrive homo. Laziness works hand in hand with a lack of motivation and a tendency to put off things. By adjusting your s 1 eep schedule to provide a few more hours of meaningful rest> you can fight laziness throughout the day.Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task. Others take a more positive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 37 .Some people fight laziness by removing the temptations（诱惑）that surround them. A television in the living room may provide entertainment, but watching too much TV often contributes to laziness. 38 . Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home. Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 39_. Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others at home may finally follow your example and perform their own tasks. It is difficult to practice laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.40 . Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.A. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleepKnowing how to fight laziness is importantB. To fight family laziness, set an exampleCreate a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a childC. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own lifeFinally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight lazinessD. With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal【语篇概述】这是篇说明文。懒惰的人总是事无成。然而，懒惰是可以被战胜的。本文 主要介绍了怎样战胜懒惰。36. 【解析】选 A。根据下文 Many people lack sleep constantly, since they stay up too late and get up too early to prepare for work.可知，选项 A ”对抗懒惰的一个方法是 有足够的睡眠”与下文衔接最好，故选A。37. 【解析】 选 E。tKlS Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active.可知，此处指的是要有一个积极的态度，尤其Others take a more positive approach, viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. 把每一项任务 都看作是他们必须独自克服的挑战。因此，选项E “当你觉得不能再掌控自己的生活时，你就 会变得懒情。”与上文衔接最好。故选E。38. 【解析】选 D。根据下文的 Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy, such as a good dinner or a film.可知，完成一些任务，用你喜欢的东西来犒劳 自己，比如一顿丰盛的晚餐或看一场电影。这些是奖励自己的方式，因此，选项D “为自己创 造奖励系统，就像父母为孩子做的"最合语境，故选D。39. 【解析】选 C。根据下文的 Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others at home may finally follow your example可知，此处是指要树立榜样，因此，选 项C ”为了消除家庭的懒情，可以树立一个榜样”与下文衔接最好，故选C。40. 【解析】选 Fo 根据下文的 Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle可知，足够的运动和均衡的饮食可以帮助你养成健康的生活方式，因此, 选项F “最后定期锻炼可以让你战胜懒惰”最能概括本段内容，故选F。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分3（）分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Recently, I was diagnosed （诊断）with an incurable illness. And after that, I gave up 41 . Although I was able to pass my test last year, I stopped 42 when I turned 90. I thought that it was finally the right time.Needless to say, my family and my doctor were 43 to hear my decision. As I handed over the keys of the car to my son, I thought of al 1 the cars my wife and I had 44 over the years. A car is 45 , independence, and an extension of your personality. Without one, you feel like less of a person. Now, my son often drives me to the city center and my neighbors also offer me 46 when r m on the way to the market. But after a lifetime of independence, the idea of being dependent 47 other people is hard to 48 . With my own car, I could go anywhere in no time. But now, my horizons （眼界）have 49 and I must plan ahead for everything. Luckily, I' ve learned to face it and change and I found a（n） 50 to some of those problems. Last year, I 51 to buy a nice new four-wheel electric scooter（小型摩托车），which made my route free from 52 and noise> with trees and green plants 53 cars and street signs.Giving up something is hard, and some of us never accept the loss. For me, however, it was just the 54 of a long and lucky life. Life in the slow lane （车道）turned out to be so much fun and so much 55 .【语篇概述】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了因病无法开车的作者买了一台