考研英语(一)试题.docx

考研英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.n But _1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to_4_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does._6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930' s indicate that laughter_8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of10feedback, that improve anindividual' s emotional state. _11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partiallyrooted 12physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humansdo not cry13they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also 14tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of wiirzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16 a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile - or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown,19that expressions may influence emotions ratherthan just the other way around _20_, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.l.AamongBJexceptCJdespiteDjlike2.AreflectBJdemandCJindicateDproduce3.AstabilizingBboostingCimpairingDJdetermining4.AtransmitBsustainCevaluateDobserve5 .Ameasurable Bmanageable CJaffordable DJrenewable6 .Aln turn Bln fact Cln addition Dln brief7 .Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpectedauthorities of what is possible.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours torecommend one of your favorite movies and1) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “ LI MING " instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you shoulddescribe the drawing briefly,1) explain it' s intended meaning, andgive your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2011年考研英语一参考答案：阅读的答案：2) 5： cbdba610： bdaac11) 15： dcbca1620： cdadb完形的标准答案：1. Cdespite2. Dproduce3. Bboosting4. Bsustain5.Ameasurable6. Bln fact7. Aopposite8. (Djrelaxes9. Cmoderate10. Aphysical11. BAccording to12. Cin13. Dbecause14. Cprecedes15. Bfrom16. Dhold17. Adisappointed18. Dreacted19. Asuggesting20. CJSimilarly新题型答案：G-B-D-E-A-C-F出处Professionalising the professorThe difficulties of an American doctoral studentUniversity education in America Feb 25th 2010翻译的答案：1、爱伦的贡献在于为我们提供了一个能分析和揭示错误性质的假设，这个假设就是： 我们不是机器人，所以我们能控制我们的思想。2、尽管仅凭借意识我们就能保持着控制的感觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题， 那就是为什么不能完成这件事情或那件事情。3、这似乎能为必要时的忽视找到合理的解释，同时也能合理解释剥削，上层人士的优 越感和底层人们的自卑感。4、环境似乎是为了选出强者，只要我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识地努 力逃离我们的旧处境。5、好的一面在于我们处在这样的一个位置，在这里我们知道所有事情都取决于自己; 以前我们面对的是一系列限制，而现在我们成权威小作文范文：Dear Lucy,I am writing this letter to strongly recommend you a movie I have recently watched. This is a French movie called uleschorises" , and I can not wait to share it with you.The moving touches me greatly first because of its heart-warming plot. It talks about a salvation story set in 1930s in a country school where a teacher, Clement Mathieu, changed the fate of a group of rebellious children through music. The theme conveyed by this movie is love, hope and forgiveness, and while watching it my heart was truly filled up with these positive emotions. Another highlight of this movie is its beautiful background music. I can not find a more enjoyable thing than listening to the pure and heavenly sound of children' s choir.I have always known that we have similar taste for movie, so I strongly recommend you watch it and I believe it will touch your heart as it has mine.Yours sincerely,Li Ming大作文范文：As is shown in this picture, two friends are taking sightseeing by boat while a man is paddling for them. As these two tourists are happily eating some snacks, they discard the waste into the river casually. Not far away from them we can see the river is teamed with all kinds of garbage, including food basket, food packaging, bottles, lunch-box and watermelon peel. What a disgusting and depressing scene!This picture gives emphasis on the need to improve the citizens' manners in scenic spots. Over these years, Chinese people' s living standards have greatly improved, allowing a great number of people to take their own adventures outside. But just as apparent as people' s desire to go out for touring is their ignorance of their obligation to protect natural beauty. The garbage littered everywhere, the stains of spitting and chewing gums on the floor, the names carved on some statues and some other uncivil behavior; not only damage the natural surroundings, cause inconvenience and discomfort to other tourists, but also degrade China' s image as a nation.Therefore, to enhance the civil manners in attractions is in no sense an act of one' s own, it has far-reaching implications to our whole nation. In my opinion, to eliminate bad manners in places of interest, first laws and regulations must be set up and firmly implemented. In addition, a nation-wide campaign must be launched to enhance people' s awareness of the importance of protecting environment while taking a tour and to give them some tips on improving their behaviors, such as bringing a garbage bag along with them and spiting in the tissue paper, etc.8.Ahardens BJweakens Ctightens DJrelaxes9.AaggravateBjgenerateCJmoderateDenhance10.AphysicalBmentalCJsubconscious Djinternalll.AExcept for BjAccording to CDue toD)Asfor12.Awith(BonCin(Dat13.AunlessBuntilCifDbecause14.AexhaustsBfollowsCprecedesDsuppresses15.AintoBfromCtowardsDbeyond16. A fetchBbiteCJpickDhold17.Adisappointed BexcitedCjoyfulDjindifferent18.AadaptedBjcateredCturnedDreacted19.Asuggesting (Brequiring©mentioning Djsupposing2O.AEventually BjConsequently CSimilarly DConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. " Hooray! At last! wrote Anthony Ibmmasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated GilbertJ s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. " As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today, s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed“ at a time and place of the listener' s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert' s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.° But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra' s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America' s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.l that Gilbert' s appointment has Aincurred criticism.Braised suspicion.Creceived acclaim.Daroused curiosity.22. Ibmmasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.Bmodest.Crespectable.Dtalented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the expenses of live performances.Breject most kinds of recorded performances.Cexaggerate the variety of live performances.Doverestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?(A)They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.BJThey are easily accessible to the general public.CThey help improve the quality of music.DJThey have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert* s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels Ajdoubtful.Benthusiastic.Cconfident.Djpuzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.w Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision/* McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn' t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don' t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter; CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: "1 can' t think of a single search I * ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.v Those who jumped without a job haven' t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. " The traditional rule was it' s safer to stay where you are, but that, s been fundamentally inverted,v says one headhunter. "The people who' ve been hurt the worst are those who' ve stayed too long.MWhen McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being Ajarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.26. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives' quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.(Ctheir strained relations with the boards.DJtheir pursuit of new career goals.27. The word 44 poached ” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means Aapproved of.Bjattended to.Chunted for.Djguarded against.28. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dit' s safer to stick to the traditional rules.29. Which of the following is the best title for the text?ACEOs: Where to Go?BCEOs: Allthe Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional 44 paid M media - such as television commercials and print advertisements - still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “ owned ” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users' responses. But in some cases, one marketer' s owned media become anothe