译林版七年级英语下册第一单元知识点梳理.docx
译林版七年级英语下册第一单元知识点梳理:Dream homes7B Unitl Dream homes一.重点单词词形变化:1. Canada (A) CanadianFrance (人)French2. Japan (人)JapaneseRussia (A) Russian3. UK (全称)Uni ted KingdomUK (近义词)England4. country (复数)countriescentre (美式)center5. share (现在分词)sharingown (名词)owner6. balcony (复数)balconiesbeach (复数)beaches7. sea (同音词)seezero (复数)zeros8. foot (复数)feetboot (复数)boots9. metre (美式)meterknife (复数)knives10. video(复数)videosfull (反义词)empty11. full (动词)fillstudy (复数)studies12. invite (名词)inviterCanadian (复数)Canadians13. Chinese (复数)ChineseEngl i shman (复数)Engl i shmen14. German (复数)GermansJapanese (复数)Japanese15. stay (现在分词)stayingover (同义词)more than二.重点短语.住在宫殿里 live in a palace16. 在隔壁 next to = beside住在餐馆隔壁 live next to a restaurant17. 在镇上/市里/农村in town/the city/the country18. 日本的首都the capital of Japan19. .了解关于的情况 learn about世界各地的家 homes around the word20. .来自不同国家的三个学生three students from different countries21. 离伦敦15英里远的城镇a town 15 miles (away)from London22. 享受一杯茶 enjoy a cup of tea.莫斯科中心的一套公寓a flat in the center of Moscow在七楼 on the seventh floor23. 一个漂亮的起居室a nice living room24. 与合用.;与分享 share sth with sb在洛杉矶的一座大房子 a large house in Los Angeles25. .我自己的卧室 my own bedroom=a bedroom of my own26. 最喜欢Tikebest =likemost 向外看look out往窗户外面看操场 look out of the window at the playground 犯错误 make a mistake / make mistakes 告诉某人关于某事tell sb. aboutsth.三个学生的家 the homes of the three students 在中心' in the centre of在大多数家里in most homes你最喜欢哪一个?Which do you like best?=Which is your favourite? 中国是一个幅员辽阔的国家China is a country with a large area.大量的a large number of的数量the 的数目the 不同国家的家 做完finish 的总统the的数量the 的数目the 不同国家的家 做完finish 的总统theamount ofnumber ofhomes in different countries (doing) sth.president of平方公里 square kilometer的象征 the symbol of在学生的博客上on the students' blogs几乎每天 almost every day下歹ll数字 the following numbers= the numbers below正确土也朗读read correctly来自180个国家和地区的人们people from 180 countries and areas1815英尺高1, 815 feet tall=l, 815 feet in height在尺寸大小方面in size有,面积 have an area of二be in area有人口 have a population of6 米长 6 meters long=6 meters in length英尺宽 7 feet wide=7 feet in width有约8, 000, 000人住在伦敦。There are about 8,000,000 living in London.在 3 月 8 号 on 8th March = on March 8th.第一个到学校的人be the first (person) to get to school. 百/千/百万 hundred/ thousand/ million48 .两百名女老师two hundred women teachers49 .数千名女学生thousands of girl students50 .法国/法国的/法语France/ French/ French51 .的确与不同be really different from52 .充满,挤满be full of.看起来舒适 look comfortable53 .(过去或将来的)某一天one day.(将来的)某一天;有朝一日some day54 .叫某人做某事tell sb to do sth /ask sb to do sth55 .叫某人不要做某事tell sb not to do sth /ask sb not to do sth56 .给我回电话call me back.帮某人捎口信 take a message for sb57 .帮我捎个口信给Tom take a message to Tom for sb58 .邀请某人做某事invite sb to do sth.请某人吃饭 invite sb to dinner59 . 在山脚下 at the foot of a hill.家庭影院 a home cinema60 .绰绰有余的食物more than enough food61 .邀请朋友和我一起看电影invite my friends to watch films with me62 . 举办聚会 have a party / have parties.页脚 the foot of the page63 .楼梯底部 the foot of the stairs三.重点句子1 .埃迪,你想住宫殿吗?Would you like to live in a palace, Eddie?2 .-你愿意和我一起去买东西吗? -很乐意。Wou1d you like to go shopping with me? I' d love to.3 . -城里有20家餐馆。你最喜欢哪一家? -一第五大街上最大的那家。There are twenty restaurants in town. Which is your favourite?The biggest one in Fifth Street.4 .这条领带不太配我的衬衫,请你再拿一条给我看看好吗?This tie does not match my shirt well. Would you please show me another one?5 .这本书很有趣,你想看看吗?This book is very interesting. Would you like to have a look at it?6 .我和家人经常坐在那里喝杯茶。My family and I often sit there and enjoy a cup of tea.7 .我和妹妹同住一间卧室。我们经常躺在床上听音乐。I share a bedroom with my sister. We often listen to music in bed.(in bed二under the covers on the bed=on top of the covers).你介意和他共用这张餐桌吗?Would you mind sharing the table with him?8 .我喜欢坐在那儿,向外眺望海滩和大海。I love to sit there and look out at the beach and the sea.9 .这位老人经常看着窗外。The old man often looks out of the window.10 .我也有一间属于自己的卧室,但是不大。I also have a bedroom of my own, but it is not big.(a bedroom of my own=my own bedroom).我需要一个属于自己的房间。I need a room of my own.11 .我希望有一天能去你家拜访。I hope to visit your home some day.(止匕句 some day =someday=one day).我可以和Daniel通电话吗?(打电话用语)May I speak to Daniel, please?请问你是谁? -我是Simon.(打电话用语)Who' s speaking, please? This is Simon.16 .要我传个话吗?Can I take a message?17 .你能叫他给我回个电话吗?Can you ask him to call me back?18 .我梦想中的家坐落在山脚下。My dream home is at the foot of a hill.19 .那儿总是有很多很多的食物。There is always more than enough food there.20 .我吃得太饱了。I have had more than enough.四.重点语法基数词与序数词表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫做数词(numbers)。数词有两种。表示数目多少 的数词叫做基数词(cardinal numbers),如:one, ten, fifty-two等。表示顺 序先后的数词叫做序数词(ordinal numbers),如first, tenth, fiftieth等。1.基数词1319,皆由 39 加后缀-teen 构成。(注意:thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 的拼法)(1) 2090等十位数均由2一9加后缀-ty构成。(注意:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty 的拼法)2129由十位数20加个位数19构成,中间须有连字符“-",其它的十 位数照此类推。(4)百位数由1一9加hundred构成,如包含十位数及个位数,中间用and连接, 也可以不用;如只包含个位数,即十位数为零时,则and不可省。(5)千位数由1一9加thousand构成,其后的百、十、个位数构成方法同前。如:a (one) thousand one hundred (and) forty-nine 1, 149 (止匕处 hundred 之前不 可用a)(6)英语里没有“万”这一单位,万也用thousand表示。如:ten thousand 10, 000o(7)hundred, thousand是数词,原则上没有复数形式,即400说four hundred , 但表示不确定的数目时以复数形式出现。如:hundreds of数百的,thousands of 数千的。(8)表示“几十”的数词,其复数形式可以表示年龄或年代。如:in his twenties 在他二十多岁时;in the 1980s二十世纪八十年代。(9) 一些习惯用法:in twos and threes三三两两的。2.序数词(1)英语序数词第1一19除first, second与third有特殊形式外,其余均由基 数词加后缀-th构成。(2)十位数的序数词的构成方法是:先将十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为 i,然后加后缀-eth。如:twentieth 20th。(3)十位数的序数词如包含19的个位数时,十位数用基数词,个位数用序数 词,中间须有连字符。如:twenty-first 21st。(4)百、千、万等的序数词由hundred, thousand等加-th,前面加有关的基数 词构成。如:(one) hundredth 100th。(5)多位数序数词的后位数如包含19时、后位数用序数词,前位数同基数词, 中间出现零时,须用and连接。如: two hundred and first 201st(6)基数词变为序数词的口诀:一二三,特殊记(first , second, third):ve 要用 f 替(five-fifth, twelve-twelfth),eight 去 t, nine 去 e (eight-eighth, nine-ninth),ty 改成 tie (thirty-thirtieth),最后th通通加上去。要是遇上几十几,只变个位就可以(twenty-first) 小学英语数词的构成和用法一、基数词的构成和用法(一)构成1.1T2特殊记,即one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 没有规 律。2. 13-19以teen结尾,这是基数词的其中一个后缀,注意13是thirteen, 15 是 fifteen, 18 是 eighteen.3. 20-90 (即整十)以ty结尾,这是基数词的一个后缀,注意40是forty, 50 是 fifty, 80 是 eighty.4.21-99即表示“几十几”,分成由“几十” + “几”,实际上是由以上的 “3”加“1”构成,注意中间加一个连字符。例如:21是twenty-one, 99是 ninety-nine. 5, 678 读作:five thousand, six hundred and seventy-eight, 1, 213, 2, 56 读作: one million, two hundred and thirteen thousand, two hundred and fifty-six, 2, 143,456, 789 读作:two billion, one hundred and forty-three million, four hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and eighty-nine.5 . 101-999的百位数由hundred加and再加两位数或个位数,例如:311读 作:three hundred and eleven, 745 读作:seven hundred and forty-five, 805 读作:eight hundred and five.6 .四位数以上(含四位数)的数字从右向左每三位加一个逗号,第一、第二、 第三个逗号的位置分别读thousand, million, billion.综上所述不难发现:个位数的表达用第一点,两位数的表达用第二到第四点, 百位数的表达用第五点,千位以上(含千位)的数字主要用第六点。7 .在表达确切数字时不用复数形式,即基数词与s势否两立,例如:two hundred students不能说成two hundreds students.在表示不确切的数字时, 用复数形式且后面要用of,即s“与"of形影不离。例如:hundreds of students 不能说hundred of students.有时也可加上several, a few等词表示不确切的 数量, 例如:several thousand times, a few billion years.(二)用法1 .表示“在几十世纪的几十年代”用“in+the+逢+的数词的复数”,例如: in the 1880s.2 .表示在某人几十多岁时用“in one' s +数词的复数”,例如:in my twenties, in his thirties.3 .在与基数词合成的定语即在复合形容词中,名词用单数,例如:an eight-month-old baby, the boys' 800-meter race4 .基数词在句中可以用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语等,例如:Eight is a lucky number in eastern countries.(作主语)They need one billion altogether.(作宾语)Five and three is eight.(作表语)You two are both good students.(作同位语)I have two bikes.(作定语)二、序数词的构成和用法(一)构成1 .通常在基数词后面加上后缀Th构成(第五是fifth,第八是eighth,第九 是 ninth),例如:four一fourth.2 . first (第一),second (第二),third (第三)特殊记。3 .表示第几十的序数词由相应的基数词词尾的y变i,再加eth.例如:twenty twentieth, ninetyninetieth.4 .表示第几十几的序数词,只要把相应基数词的末位数变成序数词表达即 可,而前面其他仍用基数词。例如:twenty-one->twenty-first.5 . 100以上的序数词,第100表示为100th (读作one hundredth),第101 表示为101st (读作one hundred and first),其他的情况类推。6 .序数词的缩写形式:数字+序数词最后两个字母,例如:first-lst, fourth 一4th, ninety-eighth-98th.(二)用法1 用作主语,例如:The first is better than the second.2用作宾语,例如:At last, he choose the third.3 .用作定语,序数词前用定冠词the,例如:It is the fourth time that you have been late for school in one month.4 .用作表语,例如:Li Ping was the second in the exam.5 .表示“又一、再一"不强调按照一定规律排列的先后顺序时用不定冠词, 例如:She lit three matches. Then she lit a fourth match. You will be the second to speak.(你第二个发言。)You have to speak a second time.(你 必须再一次发言。)6,表示编号,名词+基数词或the+序数词+名词,即用基数词时,前面不加 定冠词,基数词后置;用序数词时,前面要加定冠词,且名词要后置。例如:Lesson One=the First Lesson,Part Two=the Second Part7 .用于固定搭配中,例如:at first, first of all.三、分数、小数、百分数的构成和用法(-)分数的构成和用法。分数由基数词和序数词构成,分子用基数词,分 母用序数词,分子大于一时,分母的序数词用复数形式。例如:1/5one (a) fifth, 3/5一three fifths, 1/3一 one third, 1/2一a half, 1/4一a quarter.分数作主语时,谓语动词与分数所表示的名词一致。例如:One third students are from China.(二)小数点读point,零读/?藜u/或zero,小数点前面的基数词与前面所 讲的基数词的读法一样,小数点后的数字要 读出。例如:0.3zero point three, 6. 31-six point three one.(三)百分数由percent表示,当名词用复数时,不变化。例如:11%11 percent, Fifteen percent of the papers are written in Chinese.