2023年高考复习阅读理解满分考点13--推理判断之推断文章走势--练高考--心中有数（学生版）.docx

2023年高考复习阅读理解总分值考点考点13.推理判断之推断文章走势.练高考.心中有数1.【山西省怀仁市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末调研】A call came into Jimmy Gilleece's bar. A newly married woman, who had spent the afternoon at his bar, couldn't find her wallet. She didn't care about her ID, credit cards, or 150 in cash-but her wedding ring was inside.Gilleece, 42, didn't like the idea that a theft could have occurred at his place. So he determined to find the wallet. He spent hours on videos from surveillance （监控）cameras, watching the woman's every step in the bar.Within minutes, a young man approached the bar, put something in his pocket, and walked off.Gilleece posted a clip （视频片段）on the bar's Facebook page to find out who the young man was. Within hours, Gilleece got a text from 17-year-old Rivers Prather, who said he'd done it because he hadn't eaten in two days. He said he saw the ring but thought it was fake, so he took the money and threw the wallet into the ocean. Then he bought a sandwich.Gilleece told the teen to meet him at the docks （码头）.There they talked a lot and Gilleece knew that Prather was from a poor family. Seeing the teenager's small build, Gilleece thought he was more of a kid than a criminal. However, because of the missing ring, Prather could be put into prison.Gilleece decided to help the kid. He hired two local divers to search the waters where the wallet had been thrown. More than an hour passed, with no sign of the ring. Gilleece grew worried. And then a diver popped up. In his hand was the wallet, and inside was the ring. When Gilleece called the wallet's owner, she burst into tears and immediately dropped the charge against Prather for stealing the ring.1. What did the woman value most in her wallet?A. Her ID.B. Her credit cards.C - Her money.2. What did Prather do after getting the wallet?A. He kept the ring.C. He threw it in a dustbin.3. Why did Gilleece help Prather?A. To teach the child a lesson.C. To save the forgivable child.4. What would happen to Prather next?A. He would be sent to prison.C. He would get a job in Gilleece's bar.D. Her wedding ring.B. He spent the money in it.D. He returned it to the owner.B , To meet the customer fs demand.D. To win back the reputation of his bar.B He would not be accused by the woman.D. He would live a better life ever after.2.【四川省宜宾市2021届普2021届高三“一诊On Monday, about 270 pilot whales got into difficulty on a sandbank at Macquarie Heads, near Strahan on Tasmania's west coast, about 190 kilometres from Hobart. Another 200 of the animals were found early on Wednesday, making it Tasmania's largest recorded stranding event. The Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment （DP1PWE） said that about a third had died.Marine biologists arrived in the area to carry out rescue operations. They planned to use specialized equipment such as special tarpaulins to push the whales back into the deep water. The local police also assisted in the rescue.The whales that were stranded are Pilot Whales, and they are found in almost all the oceans of the world, according to the Marine conservation group. Pilot whales are in fact one of the largest members of the dolphin family, but they are treated as whales for the Marine Mammals Protection Regulations issued in 1992,They were named pilot whales because it was thought that each pod followed a 'pilot' in the group.Cetacean stranding, commonly known as beaching, is a phenomenon in which whales and dolphins strand themselves on land, usually on a beach. Several explanations for why cetaceans strand themselves have been proposed, including changes in water temperatures, unusual features of whales, echo location in certain surroundings, and geomagnetic disturbances, but none have so far been universally accepted as a definitive reason for the behavior.In recent years, whale strandings have become more frequent around the world. In November 2018, a dead sperm whale that had washed ashore in eastern Indonesia consumed a horrifying collection of plastic trash, including 115 drinking cups, 25 plastic bags, plastic bottles, two flip-flops and a bag containing more than 1,000 pieces of string. In all, the plastic contents of the whale's stomach weighed 13.2 pound (six kilograms). The bags are black due to a reaction with the creature's stomach acids, according to Thai Whales organization. A person, on average, breathes or swallows at least 74,000 microscopic particles of plastic each year.1. How many whales died according to DPIPWE?A. About 160. B. About200. C. About270. D. About470.2. What does the underlined word “stranding“ mean in Paragraph 1?A. Being put into danger.B. Being trapped in trouble.C. Being found in extinction.D. Being left or driven ashore.3. What does the author want to tell us by the numbers in Paragraph 5?A. Whales mistake plastics for food.B Whales need the ability of self-protection.C. Whales9 living conditions are worsening.D. Whales have an excellent digestive system.4. What will be discussed probably following the last paragraph?A. Protective measures for whales.B. The reasons for whale stranding.C. Studying whales5 stomach deeply.D. Researching the oceans, ecosystem.3.【辽宁省辽东南普通高中协作校2021-2022学年高三下学期第一次模拟】The Amazon rainforest, is as undisturbed a place as most people can imagine, but even there, the effects of a changing climate are playing out. Now, research suggests that many of the region's most sensitive bird species are starting to evolve in response to warming.Birds are often considered sentinel （哨兵）species-meaning that they indicate the overall health of an ecosystem-so scientists are particularly interested in how they're responding to climate change. In general, the news has not been good. For instance, a 2019 report by the National Audubon Society found that more than two-thirds of North America's bird species will be in danger of extinction by 2100 if warming trends continue on their current course.For the new study, researchers collected the biggest dataset so far on the Amazon's resident birds, representing 77 non-migratory species and lasting the 40 years from 1979 to 2019. During the study period, the average temperature in the region rose, while the amount of rainfall declined, making for a hotter, dryer climate overall. According to the report on November 12 in the journal Science Advances, 36 species have lost substantial weight, as much as 2 percent of their body weight per decade since 1980. Meanwhile, all the species showed some decrease in average body mass, while a third grew longer wings.Because of the study's long time series and large sample sizes, the authors were able to show the morphological （形态学的）effects of climate change on resident birds. However, the researchers themselves are unsure and wonder what advantage the wing length changes give the birds, but suppose smaller birds may have an easier time keeping cool. In general, smaller animals have a larger rate of surface area to body size, so they dissipate more heat faster than a bigger animal. Less available food, such as fruit or insects, in dryer weather might lead to smaller body size.32. Why are scientists fond of doing research on birds?A. They have small body sizes.B. They are sensitive to hot weather.C. They live in an undisturbed rainforest.D. They are ecological balance indicators.33. What can we learn from the new study?A. A third of species have been extinct for a decade.B . 36 species lost 2%of their body weight every year.C. Two-thirds of species showed a considerable decrease in weight.D. About 26 species responded to climate change with longer wings.34. What does the underlined word "dissipate" in the last paragraph mean?A. Put off.B. Give off.C. Put away.D. Give away.35. . What would probably the researchers further study?A. Why it is easier for smaller animals to keep cool.B. What effects the wing length changes have on birds.C. Why the Amazonian birds have lost substantial weight.D. Whether bird species in North America will be extinct in 2100.4.【2022届吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测（三）】IQ is often considered as an important driver of success particularly in fields such as science, innovation and technology. In fact many people have endless fascination with the IQ scores of famous people. But the truth is that some of the greatest achievements by our species have primarily relied on qualities such as creativity, imagination, curiosity and empathy （同感）.Many of these characteristcs are rooted in what scientists call "cognitive （认知的）flexibility”a skill that enables us to switch between different concepts or to adapt behavior to achieve goals in a novel or changing environment. Cognitive flexibility provides us with the ability to see that what we are doing is not leading to success and to make the appropriate changes to achieve it.Cognitive flexibility may have affected how people coped with the pandemic lockdowns （疫'情封锁）which produced new challenges around work and schooling. Some of us found it easier than others to adapt our routines to do many activities from home. Such flexible people may also have changed these routines from time to time trying to find better and more varied ways of going about their day. Others, however, struggled and ultimately became more rigid in their thinking.Flexible thinking is key to creativity. It also supports academic and work skills such as problem solving. For example, visual artists may be of average intelligence but highly creative and have produced masterpieces. Creativity is also important in science and innovation. We have discovered that successful businessmen who have created multiple companies are more cognitively flexible than managers of a similar age and IQ.Cognitive flexibility is also associated with high recovery from negative life events as well as higher quality of life in older individuals. It can even be beneficial in emotional and social cognition: studies have shown that cognitive flexibility has a strong link to the ability to understand the emotions, thoughts and intentions of others.Neuroimaging studies have shown that cognitive flexibility is dependent on a network of frontal brain regions. There are a number of ways to objectively assess people's cognitive flexibility including the Wisconsin Card Sorting test and the CANTAB Set Shift Task. And the good news is that it seems that you can train cognitive flexibility.32. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A. Creativity is the only source of people's success.B. A driver's achievement is not determined by IQ.C. The IQ of famous people is mysterious.D. IQ may not be the key factor in human's achievements.33. Which might NOT be an example of cognitive flexibility during pandemic lockdowns?A. Organizing online meetings.B. Taking up indoor workout.C. Joining in group hiking.D. Learning to bake at home.34. Which belongs to the consequences of cognitive flexibility?A. Flexible people tend to stick to their routines.B. People have a better understanding of others' feelings.C. Businessmen are more likely to succeed than visual artists.D. Older individuals are able to avoid misfortunes in life.35. What would the following paragraph talk about?A. The ways to develop cognitive flexibility.B. The application of cognitive flexibility.C. The Wisconsin Card Sorting test.D. The importance of training cognitive flexibility.