2023年高考英语复习讲练测第14讲 阅读理解词义猜测题（练）（全国通用解析版）.docx

2023年高考英语复习讲练测第14讲阅读理解同义猜溯题（练）Esports (electronic sports) are organized competitions where players 一 often referred to as "athletes” - face off against each other in video games. They are not just games in a sense. Actually, they are a sport that can improve the players, thinking ability, hand-eye coordination, willpower and team spirit.The esports industry has experienced significant growth in recent years around the world, though it's still in the nascent stage, which means it has huge growth potential going forward.While the assumption is that esports are only a recent phenomenon, in reality the first esports-like event was held back in 1972, when some Stanford University students competed against one another in the game Spacewar. The prize? A year-long subscription to Rolling Stone magazine.The '80s saw the first true videogame tournament, with over 10,000 players gathering fbr the Space Invaders Championship. However, most of the period saw that players focused on beating each other's highest scores rather than competing in organized tournaments.As gaming became more popular, the '90s became the first decade when esports (a term which wasn't yet coined) began to really take off, with companies such as Nintendo and Sega holding professional gaming tournaments. This is also when we began to see money becoming a factor in professional gaming. But it is the 1997 Red Annihilation Quake tournament that is considered the world's first real esports event. Only a few weeks later, the Cyberathlete Professional League was formed - an organization which is considered a pioneer of esports.Due to the normalization of gaming and the Internet (along with technological advances), the real surge ( 激 增 )of esports came in the recent decade. It was then that we began seeing what we now know to be modern-day esports. As streaming platforms such as YouTube took off, people began to show interest in not only playing videogames but watching them too. Popular tournaments now sell out stadiums and professional players can earn millions from prize money, advertising and salaries.1.What does the underlined word "nascent“ in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Beginning.B.Peak.C.Mature.D.Final.2.How does the text mainly develop?A.By providing examples.B.By making comparisons.C.By following the order of time.D.By following the order of importance.3.What can be learned about espoils?A.They spread worldwide overnight.B.Prize money appeared in the 1990s.C.The first real esports event was held in 1972.D.The athletes in esports are programmers.4.What seems to be the author's viewpoint on modern-day esports?A. An Amazing BowlB. A Special Yard SaleC. The Return of PorcelainsD. A Man Making Fortune【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。一只在康涅狄格州的庭院拍卖会上以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件 罕见的15世纪中国古董。21. A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和第三句"Iwas just hanging around there aimlessly. But when I saw this bowl, I didn't even bargain over the $35 asking price"（我只是在那儿漫无目的地闲逛。但是当我看 到这个碗的时候，我甚至没有对35美元的要价进行砍价）可知，这个碗的主人偶然发现了它。应选A。22. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第句“Upon closer inspection, the artifact was found to have originated from the period of Yongle Emperor, who ruled from 1403 to 1424 - a period noted for its distinctive porcelain （瓷 器）techniques.”（经仔细观察，发现该工艺品起源于1403年至1424年的永乐年间，这一时期以其独特的瓷 器工艺而闻名。）可知，独特的工艺使这只碗如此珍贵。应选D。23. B【解析】词义猜想题。根据第六段第一句中的“The Yongle Emperor improved the porcelain techniques （永乐皇帝改进了制瓷技术）和下文的"fh）m being an ordinary bowl into a true work of art.（从普通的碗变成 真正的艺术品。）“可知，此处是指提高了瓷器的重要性，所以elevated意为“提高工 应选B。24. A【解析】标题判断题。文章为新闻报道，首段为导语，是本文的主旨。根据第一段，A small bowl bought at a yard sale in Connecticut for just $ 35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique."（ 一只在康 涅狄格州的庭院拍卖会上以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董。）可知，文章主要 是报道一个被认定是一件罕见的15世纪中国古董的小碗。由此可知“一只令人震惊的碗”可以作为本文最 佳标题。应选A。A. They are getting popular.B , They become too commercialized.C. They boost the normalization of the Internet.D. Their development relies on advertising.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子竞技的出现和开展以及现状。1. A【解析】词义猜想题。根据第二段中的"which means it has huge growth potential going forward"（这意 味着它未来有巨大的增长潜力）可知，它还在初期阶段。所以nascent意为“开始的工应选A。2. C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句"The esports industry has experienced significant growth in recent years around the world”（近年来，电竞行业在全球范围内经历了显著的增长），第三段第一句"While the assumption is that esports are only a recent phenomenon, in reality the first esports-like event was held back in 1972, when some Stanford University students competed against one another in the game Spacewar.（虽然人们 认为电子竞技只是最近才出现的现象，但事实上，第一个类似电子竞技的赛事要追溯到1972年，当时斯 坦福大学的一些学生在游戏Spacewar中相互竞争。）,第四段第一句"The，80s saw the first true videogame tournament, with over 10,000 players gathering for the Space Invaders Championship.（80 年代出现了第一场 真正的电子游戏锦标赛，超过1万名玩家聚集在一起参加太空入侵者锦标赛。），第五段第一句"As gaming became more popular, the '90s became the first decade when esports （a term which wasn't yet coined） began to really take off, with companies such as Nintendo and Sega holding professional gaming tournaments.,9 （随着游戏 变得越来越流行，90年代成为电子竞技（这是一个尚未被创造出来的术语）开始真正腾飞的第一个十年， 任天堂和世嘉等公司举办了职业游戏锦标赛。）和最后一段第一句"Due to the normalization of gaming and the Internet （along with technological advances）, the real surge （ 激增 ）of esports came in the recent decade.”（由于游戏和互联网的正常化（以及技术的进步），电子竞技真正的激增是在近十年。）可知，文章是按照 时间顺序来组织的。应选C。3. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段第句和第二句"As gaming became more popular, the '90sbecame the first decade when esports （a term which wasn't yet coined） began to really take off, with companies such as Nintendo and Sega holding professional gaming tournaments. This is also when we began to see money becoming a factor in professional gaming.（随着游戏变得越来越流行，90年代成为电子竞技（这是一个尚未被创造 出来的术语）开始真正腾飞的第一个十年，任天堂和世嘉等公司举办了职业游戏锦标赛。这也是我们开始 看到金钱成为职业游戏的一个因素。）可知，电子竞技奖金出现在20世纪90年代。应选B。4. A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句"Due to the nonnalization of gaming and the Internet （along with technological advances）, the real surge （激增）of esports came in the recent decade."（由于游戏和互联网的正 常化（以及技术的进步），电子竞技真正的激增是在近十年。）可知，作者对现代电子竞技的观点是它们越 来越流行了。应选A。BSome scientists have detected a chemical on Venus （金星）that isn't expected to be there, which leads them to wonder what is producing the chemical.Venus may look beautiful in the night sky, but it's a harsh planet. Its clouds are made of acid. And its atmosphere is so thick that if you could stand on the planefs surface, you would feel like you were 3,000 feet under the sea. It is the hottest planet in the solar system, with an average temperature of 464. Though people have often wondered if Venus used to have life, most people don't believe life exists there. Now, as a result of work by a group of scientists led by Dr. Jane Greaves from Cardiff University, there may be reason to question that.The scientists found a molecule called phosphine （磷化氢）in Venus' atmosphere. On Earth, some bacteria produce small amounts of phosphine in oxygen-free environments. Phosphine molecules aren't very stable, so they tend to break apart or burn up easily.Many scientists believe phosphine might be a sign of life on other planets. So the scientists were puzzled when they found signs of phosphine high in the atmosphere of Venus. They double-checked their result and it was the same 一 high in the clouds there appeared to be too much phosphine.That led the scientists to think about what could make the phosphine. They studied many ideas, from sunlight, lightning strikes to volcanoes. But none of these could produce the amount of phosphine they detected. One possible explanation for the phosphine is simple - life. For example, some sort of bacteria can somehow survive in the acid clouds of Venus.The discovery of phosphine on Venus has caused a lot of excitement. The scientists behind the study are eager to do more research. Now, many other people are also looking to focus on the planet and perhaps even create missions to explore Venus' atmosphere.5. . According to Paragraph 2, whafs generally believed about Venus?A. Life exists there for long.B. It is an unlivable planet.C. It is one of the hottest planets.D. The clouds on Venus are thin and acidic.6. What do we know about phosphine on Venus?A.It is a kind of gas low in the clouds.B.It is a possible marker of life.C.Tt contributes to the birth of life.D.It is stable in oxygen-freeenvironments.7. What does the underlined word "That" in Paragraph 5 refer to?A.The presence of phosphine.B.The amount of acid.C.The instability of phosphine.D.Thehigh temperature.8. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Is There Life on Venus?B. Oxygen Spotted on VenusC. A New Way to Explore VenusD. Will Astronauts Land on Venus?【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。虽然人们经常想知道金星上是否曾经有生命，但大多数人不相信那里存在 生命。现在，由卡迪夫大学的简格里夫斯博士领导的一组科学家的研究结果让我们有理由对此提出质疑。 5. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第四句"Though people have often wondered if Venus used to have life, most people don't believe life exists there."（虽然人们经常想知道金星上是否曾经有生命，但大多数人不相信 那里存在生命。）可知，人们普遍认为金星不适宜居住。应选B。6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第一句"Many scientists believe phosphine might be a sign of life on other planets.”（许多科学家认为，磷化氢可能是其他行星上生命的迹象。）可知，金星上的磷化氢可能是生命 的迹象。应选B。7. A【解析】指代猜想题。根据第四段最后一句中的“high in the clouds there appeared to be too much phosphine”（云层高处似乎有太多的磷化氢）以及画线词后的“phosphine"（磷化氢）可知，that是指磷化氢 的存在。应选A。8. A【解析】标题判断题。根据第二段最后两句"Though people have often wondered if Venus used to have life, most people don't believe life exists there. Now, as a result of work by a group of scientists led by Dr. Jane Greaves from CardiffUniversity, there may be reason to question that.” （虽然人们经常想知道金星上是否曾经 有生命，但大多数人不相信那里存在生命。现在，由卡迪夫大学的简格里夫斯博士领导的一组科学家的研 究结果让我们有理由对此提出质疑。）可知，文章主要是讲科学家们对金星上是否曾经有生命进行探索。 所以选项A （金星上有生命吗？）是合适的标题。应选A。CThe prized love for an ice cream goes back thousands of years, and ice creams were enjoyed by people living all over the ancient world-from China to Mesopotamia.As early as 4,000 years ago, Chinese people enjoyed a kind of frozen syrup-a thick sweet sticky liquid. Centuries later around 400 B. C. , sherbet was a popular treat in the Persian Empire. This cold drink featured syrups made from chemise, quinces, and pomegranates that were then cooled with snow. The modern words “sherbet J "Barbet J and “syrup“ can find their linguistic origins back Lo Shabbat.Historic accounts tell of Alexander the Great, who took over the Persian Empire in 330 B. C. , enjoying tasty ices sweetened with honey. The Greeks, and later the Romans, adopted the custom of cooling their drinks. In the early yean of the Roman Empire, Emperor Nero was known to apply fruit juices mixed with boney and snow at his banquets. Centuries later in the 1290s, Marco Polo returned from China with recipes for delicious ices, some of which included milk.Modern ice creams were only made possible by obtaining and preserving snow and ice from cold, mountainous areas or frozen lakes and rivers. Different civilizations created icehouses with variations on the same theme: chambers free of heat and light. Deep pits were often used, and the ice would be packed separately, often with straw or branches, to keep out the heat.Getting ice was complex and labor-consuming, which made ice highly valuable in the middle Ages, when snow was still brought from the mountains to icehouses throughout Europe. The 17th century witnessed private icehouses, and by the end of the 18th century, large icehouses were built in towns and cities. Traveling sales people sold large blocks of ice door to door.In some cities the ice trade was regulated by the authorities, who set prices and fines for illegal sale. In Naples there were 43 "ice sellers” in 1807. Rule restricted sellers to supplying ice only during the summer.Sorbet, sherbet, syrup, or just plain ice cream, these cold, greet treats have been cooling people of for centuries.9. Which of the following is the fact about the development of ice cream?A. Straws or branches were used to produce modern ice creams.B. Alexander the Great had cool drinks with honey end snow at his banquets.C. Marco Polo brought back from China recipes for milk -taste ices in the late 13th century.D. People in the Persian Empire enjoyed frozen syrup 3, 600 years earlier than the Chinese.10. Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word "chambers“ in Paragraph 4?A. Plants.B. Rooms.C. Packages.D. Ice creams.11. Why was the price of ice creams high during the Middle Age?A. It was a tough jab to obtain ice.B. The production took a lot of time.C. Much labor was needed for marketing.D. The producing techniques were advanced.12. What is the best title of the passage?A. Historic Accounts of Preserving Ice Creams B. Contrast of Ancient and Modern lee CreamsC. Chinese Contributions to Making Ice Creams D. The History and Worldwide Love of Ice Creams 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了冰淇淋的历史和历史上人们食用冰淇淋的一些方式。9. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Centuries later in the 1290s, Marco Polo returned from China with recipes for delicious ices, some of which included milk.（几个世纪后的13世纪90年代，马可波罗从中国带回 了美味的冰淇淋食谱，其中一些包括牛奶厂可知，C选项“13世纪晚期，马可波罗从中国带回了奶味冰淇淋 的配方”是关于冰淇淋开展的事实。应选C。10. B【解析】词句猜想题。根据划线词上文“Modem ice creams were only made possible by obtaining and preserving snow and ice from cold, mountainous areas or frozen lakes and rivers.（现代的冰淇淋只有从寒冷的山 区或冰冻的湖泊和河流中获取并保存冰雪才能制成）"以及“Different civilizations created icehouses with variations on the same theme”可知，冰淇淋需要保存在温度低的房间里，而不同的文明创造了不同的存放冰 淇淋的房间，其主题相同：没有热和光的房间。即划线词意思是“房间A. Plants.植物；B. Rooms.房间； C.Packages.包裹；D.Ice creams.冰淇淋。应选B。11. A【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Getting ice was complex and labor-consuming, which made ice highly valuable in the middle Ages, when snow was still brought from the mountains to icehouses throughout Europe4获得冰是一项复杂而费力的工作，这使得在中世纪冰非常珍贵，那时雪仍然从山上运到整个欧洲 的冰库厂可知，在中世纪冰淇淋的价格会很高是因为要拿到冰是很困难的。应选A。12. D【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“The prized love for an ice cream goes back thousands of years, and ice creams were enjoyed by people living all over the ancient worldfrom China to Mesopotamia.（对冰淇淋的钟爱 可以追溯到几千年前，从中国到美索不达米亚，古代世界各地的人们都喜欢吃冰淇淋）''结合文章主要介绍 了冰淇淋的历史和历史上人们食用冰淇淋的一些方式。可知，D选项“冰淇淋的历史和世界范围的爱”最符 合文章标题。应选D。DTurtles have an unfortunate habit of eating plastic objects floating in the sea. These then cannot be broken down and digested, and may ultimately kill them.It is widely assumed that this special liking for plastics is a matter of mistaken identity. Floating plastic bags, for instance, look similar to jellyfish, which many types of turtles love to eat. Yet lota of plastic objects that end up inside turtles are not similar to jellyfish. Joseph Pfaller of the University of Florida therefore suspects that the smell of micro-organisms （微生物）which grow on floating plastic objects fools turtles to feed.Researchers at the University of California noticed that certain chemicals, which are released into the air by micro-organism - colonised plastics, are those which many seabirds sniff to track down food. These chemicals mark good places to hunt because they indicate an abundance of the seaweed and bacteria. Since turtles are known to break the surface and sniff the air when swimming t