2020届中考一轮复习黄金讲练系列七年级下Units 5—8单元的重点词汇和短语.docx

7 年级下 Units 5-81、掌握七年级下Units 58单元的重点词汇和短语。2、学会使用常用的日常会话用语，能在具体的语境中进行情景对话。3、掌握现在进行时、There be句型、地点介词at, in, on, under, behind, in front of, near的基本用法。知识清单工程单词及其词性变化(短文填空、句子填空、单词拼写必备)重点单词panda(n.)熊猫;zoo(n.)动物园;cute(adj.)可爱的；机灵的；lazy(adj.)懒散的；懒惰的；高频考点smart(adj.)聪明的；beautiful(adj.)美丽的;美好的;高频考点kind(n.)种类；高频考点south(adj.)南方的;(n.)南方；friendly (adj.)友好的；forget(v.)忘记;遗忘；高频考点B to spendA. spendingC. having spentD. to have spent【答案】B【解析】句意：你喜欢把业余时间花在家里打牌还是在公园里散步呢？ to spend your spare time为不定式 作目的状语.应选：B.【变式训练7】（2019 南京模拟）Thousands of young people spend hours Wechat （微信）moments of their friendsevery day.（）A. to checkB. checkingC. checkD. checks（2015襄阳）-It's reported that Chinese more than 40 minutes a day reading WeChat （微信）.-It*s true. But I think WeChat is taking too much of our time.（）A. spendB. costC. payD. take8.enjoy的用法【典例 8 （2019铜仁市）Mr. Wang together with his wife and children in the countryside.（）A. enjoys livingB. enjoy livingC. enjoys to liveD. enjoy to live【答案】A【解析】句意：王先生和他的妻子和孩子们喜欢住在农村.enjoy doing sth表示喜欢做某事，主语是Mr Wang是单数.应选：A.【变式训练8】（2018南京）Some people enjoy out their messages in bottles when they travel on the sea.（）A to sendB sendC. sendingD- sent(2014六盘水)Children always have a good time at the Wetland Park (湿地公园)of Liu Panshui.()A enjoy themselvesB. help each otherC. look beautifulD. have a big dinner9.pay(v./n.)付费；高频考点【典例 9 (2019闵行区一模)Mr. Jones expected the insurance company him $ 300, 000 forthe vase.()A to payB. payC. paidD . paying【答案】A【解析】pay for支付, expect sb to do期待某人去干某事，此题根据语境：琼斯先生希望保险公司付给 他30万英镑买花瓶.应选：A.【点拨】此题考查动词固定搭配，在熟知动词固定搭配用法的基础上，结合具体题目，仔细分析，便可 得出正确答案.【变式训练9】(2017老边区模拟)-How much did the new watch your sister?-She 350yuan for it.()A. cost； paidB. spend； costC. pay； costD. take； paid(2016姜堰区一模)-What a nice T - shirt!How much did you for it?-It me 200yuan.()A. pay； cost B. pay； paid C. cost； pay D. cost； costlO.sunsunny典例 10 (2019西湖区校级模拟)According to the weather report, it's going to be tomorrow, and thereis going to be a the day after tomorrow.()A. sunny, showerB. rainy, drizzleC. rain, showerD. sunny, sleet【答案】A【解析】sunny表示晴朗的，rainy表示下雨的，形容词.rain作动词，表示下雨，作名词，表示下雨.shower 作名词，表示阵雨、阵雪，可数名词.drizzle表示细雨，sleet表示雨夹雪，都是不可数名词.根据题干 可知第一空缺形容词，那么可填写sunny或者rainy .其次a后只能跟可数名词单数，那么第二空只能填写shower.应选：A.句意：根据天气预报，明天将是晴天，后天将是阵雨.【变式训练10】(2018 春历城区期末)The weather is beautiful. It's warm and.()A. cheapB. sunnyC. funnyD. terrible(2017 秋荔湾区期末)Today is a day The sun shines.()A. sun； brightB. sun： brightlyC. Sunny； brightD. sunny： brightly知识点02重点短语的用法【命题点二】重点短语1. get lost 迷路典例 1 (2016贵阳)Elephants have good memories. They can walk for a long time and never .()A get worriedB. get madC. get lost【答案】c【解析】根据各个选项的意思get worried变的担忧;get mad变的恼怒;get lost迷路，结合上文的意思Elephants have good memories.”大象记忆力很好”可推知他们能走很长时间的路而从不迷路，应选C【点拨】理解句意是解决此类题的关键和前提，再了解选项含义进行筛选合适的短语.【变式训练1】(2017 春济南期末)Excuse me, sir. I. Can you help me find my home?()A get homeB.get dressedC.get lostD.get up(2018 春东营期末)Take a map with you, and you won*t.()A.get upB.get outC.get dressedD.get lostcut down砍彳到【典例 2】(2018 春长清区期中)People many trees every year, so animals are losing their homes.()A. sit downB. cut downC. go outD. eat out【答案】B【解析】选项A：坐下，选项B：砍倒，选项C：出去，选项D：出去吃饭，结合句意：人们每年砍伐 很多树，所以动物们正在失去家园.应选：B.【点拨】此题考查动词词组的辨析，在熟知各个词组意思的基础上与句子的语境相结合，从而得出正确的 答案.【变式训练2】(2018 春平遥县期中)Now lots of animals are in great danger because people toomany trees.()A. think oldB. saveC. cut down(2018 秋上杭县校级期中)If you all the trees, the fields around here will be destroyed.()A. cut downB. cut upC. pick upbe made ofVbe made from【典例 3】(2014乌鲁木齐)The scarf which is silk soft and comfortable.()A. mad from； feelsB. made of； feelsC. made in； smellsD. made up of； smells【答案】B【解析】第一个设空处，表示”围巾是由丝绸造的”由于能从产品上看出原材料，所以用短语be made of；第 二个设空处根据后面的形容词soft and comfortable确定用系动词feel表示“摸上去"，所以选B.句意：那件 由丝绸制造的围巾摸上去很柔软舒服.【点拨】此题主要考查系动词和固定词组的用法，做此类题目一定注意词义和用法，注意上下文联系，选 择所需的单词.【变式训练3】(2012宿迁)-What do you think of my shirt? It cotton.-I looks nice on you.()A is made inB. is made forC is made ofC is made ofD. is made by1. (2010益阳)Paper is made wood while desks are made wood, too.()A. of； ofB. of； fromC. from； of4,enjoy oneself/ enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事【典例 4 】(2018 黔南州)Welcome you all to China and enjoy here.()A. yourselfB. yourselvesC. themselves D. himself【答案】B【解析】yourself你自己；yourselves你们自己；themselves他们自己;himself他自己.根据"Welcome you all to China ”可知you指的是一个复数概念，所以要用yourselves来填空，因此可知这句话的意思是”欢迎所有 的你们到中国来，好好享受这里的一切吧.”应选：B.句意：欢迎你们所有人到中国来，好好享受这里的 一切吧.【点拨】首先要掌握这几个人称代词的意思，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案.【变式训练4】(2019广元) Welcome you all to Guangyuan and enjoy here.()A. youB. yourC. yourselves(2019铜仁市)Mr Wang together with his wife and children in the countryside.()A. enjoys livingB. enjoy livingC. enjoys to liveD. enjoy to live5. spend time in doing sth/on sth 花时间做某事【典例 5】(2019眉山)I like the TV program The Reader best. I think we should spend as much time as we can in our spare time.()A. readB. to readC. readingD. reads【答案】C【解析】句意：我最喜欢看电视节目朗读者.我认为我们应该在业余时间花尽可能多的时间看书.spend - (in) doing sth表示花费做某事.应选：C.【点拨】熟悉动名词的用法，结合题意，给出答案.【变式训练5】(2019襄城区模拟)-Do you often read English stories?-Yes. I most of my time on them. It*s a good way to kill time.()A. costB. spendC. payD. take(2019南京模拟)Thousands of young people spend hours Wechat moments of their friends everyday.()A. tocheckB.checkingC.checkD. checks(2018静安区二模)How much time do you spend your study every day?()A. inB.onC.atD. with> >知识点03 情景对话【命题点三】对话填空1. -How's the weather?/What's the weather like in + 地点?【典例 1】(2016黔西南州)-What's the weather like today?B It*s sunnyA. It's SundayD. ThanksC. I hope so【答案】B【解析】根据"Whafs the weather like today”可知，这里在询问天气.A今天星期日；B晴天；C我希望如 此；D谢谢.只有B符合语境，故答案为B。句意：-今天的天气怎么样？ -很晴朗.【点拨】这里考查日常交际用语，要注意平时的语言习惯，明白各个选项的含义及用法，根据现有句子选 出正确选项【变式训练1】(2014黔西南州)-What's the weather like in your hometown? - - - ()A. Yes, I like it.B. Its warm in winter.C. Why not?D. Yes, very much.1. (2012黔西南州)-It's sunny today.()A - How was the weather yesterday ?B How are you doing ?C. What fine weather!D. What's the weather like today?2. (2018河西区一模)-It's nice and warm.()A. How arc you?B. How is the weather?C. What would you like?D . What do you think of the books ?2.【问路和指路】Is there a restaurant near your house?Yes, there is. Ifs on Center Street.Where 9s the supermarket?-It's next to the library.【典例 2】(2016南宁)-Excuse me, ?-It's next to Wanda Cinema.()A when is the movie onB what is your motherC. who is the girl under the treeD where is the nearest bookshop【答案】D【解析】首先明确各选项中句子的意思，A：电影什么时候上映；B：你妈妈是干什么的；C：树底下那个 女孩是谁；D：最近的书店在哪里；根据答语回答的是位置，确定问句问的是某地的地点.应选D。句意：-打搅了，最近的书店在哪里？ -它在万达电影院旁边.【点拨】此题主要是考查学生的口语能力和对英语的应对习惯.掌握各交际工程的习惯用法，答题时要面 向整体内容，切忌片面理解.抓好关键词，进行推断，同时注意对话的表达要符合英美人的风俗习惯.【变式训练2】(2019安顺)Peter： Excuse me. sir? Could you tell me the wav to the nearest bank?Li Hua： (1) You can ask the lady over there( A moment later)Peter： Thank you all the samePeter： Excuse me. (2) Wang Mei： No. there isn't a bank near here, but there is one near the People's Hospital.Peter： (3) Wang Mei： It's about fifteen minutes* bus ridePeter： (4) Wang Mei： The No. 10 busPeter： (5) Wang Mei： It is across from the bookstorePeter： Thank you very much.Wang Mei： You're welcome.A. Is there a bank near here?B How far is it from here?C - Where is the nearest bank ?D. Which bus can I take ?E. Sorry, I'm new here.F. By the way, where is the bus stop?G. That sounds great.danger(n.)危险；高频考点cut(v.)砍；切；use(v.)使用;运用；drink(v.)喝；(n.)饮料；race(n.)竞赛；other(adj.)另夕卜的；其他的；any(pron.)任何；任一；child(n.)儿童；still(adv.)还；仍然；windy (adj.)多风的；sunny(adj.)晴朗的；高频考点cook(v.)做饭;message(n.)信 息； 消息；back(adv.)回来；回原处；visit(v.)拜访；参观；police(n.)警察；pay(v./n.)付费；高频考点along(prep.)沿着；spend(v.)花(时间、钱等);enjoy(v.)享受；喜爱；高频考点重点短语kind of稍微；有些儿;get lost 迷路；> >知识点04语法运用四、语法详单【现在进行时】 一、概念 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作.结构：助动词be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词.二、现在分词的构成.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing.如:carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking.如果动词以-e结尾,那么去掉-e,再加-ing,如：come-coming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using.1 .如果动词只有一个元音字母，而其后跟有一个辅音字母时，将此辅音字母双写，再加-ing如：hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting.2 .如果动词有两个音节，且重音在第二个音节上，那么末尾的辅音字母须双写，再加-ing,如：for'get-forgetting,pre'fbr-prefferring,up'set-upsetting 试比拟'beneEt/benflting, 'differ/differi t/proflting,这些词 的重音在第一个音节上，因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写.3 .以 -ic 结尾的动词，应先把 -ic 变为 -ick,再加 -ing,eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但 lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying 是特殊变化要记住.三、句型结构L现在进行时的肯定形式、否认形式、疑问形式及其回答，所有变化都表达在助动词be(is/am/are)上.1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分I am singing . They are writing .2)现在进行时的否认形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分I am not singing . They aren't writing .3) 一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分Am I singing ? Yes 9you are . / No ,you aren't.Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren't.4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).2 .缩写形式如下：I amI'm You areYou're He is-He's She is-She'sIt is-It's We areWe're They are-They're3 .说明：不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的，如：see、like、want> know等动词往往都不用进行时态.四.用法.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情.往往与now,at the moment,just等副词连用，以示强调.We are waiting for you. What are you doing? Some one's knocking at the door.1 .正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作：He's talking to his friends in the classroom.可用still 一词强调动作的持续性He's still talking to his friends in the classroom.2 .表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行.Mr. Black is writing another article.Don't take that book away. Your father using it.She is learning piano under Mr. Black.3 .现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况，或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况:What's your brother doing these days? He's studying English at Oxford University.4 现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向：People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.5 .表示渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin 等.The leaves are turning brown.It's getting colder and colder.6 .与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩.You are always changing your mind.7 .现在进行时（以及be going to）可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件 We're spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思：He9s arriving tomorrow morning.【典例 11 （2019上海）Look!They about the solution to the network problems again.（）A argueB. are arguingC. arguedD. were arguing【答案】B【解析】根据Look!结合语境用现在进行时，am/is/are +现在分词，句意：看！他们又在争论解决网络问题的方法.应选：B.【点拨】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态准确作答【变式训练1】（2019营 口） -Hello, may I speak to Mr. Smith?-Oh, sorry! He a meeting now.（）A. hasA. hasB. hadC. is havingD. will have1. （2019铁岭）Rainy days make me relaxed. I love drinking tea while it.（）A was rainingB. is rainingC. has rainedD. rained（2019北京）-Tom, whafs your dad doing?-He my bike.（）A repairsB. will repairC. has repairedD. is repairing（2019淮安）-What is your mother doing, Linda?-She dinner in the kitchen now.（）A.is cookingB.was cookingC.cookD.cooking（2019株洲）The world is changing with every second； and China, too, with every second.（）A.is changingB.had changedC.changed【There be句型】一、构成:There be句型表示的是“某处有（存在）某人或某物”，其结构为There be（is, are, was, were ）+ 名词+地点状语。例如：There are fifty-two students in our class.二、各种句式：否认句：There be句型否认句式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上“not”。也可用“no”来表 示。即：no + n.（名词）=not aanany + n.（名词）。注意：no + n.（可数名词单数）=not aan 4- n.（可数名 词单数）；no + n.（可数名词复数）=not any + n.（可数名词复数）；no + n.（不可数名词）=notany + n.（不 可数名词）。例如：There are some oranges in her bag.一There aren't any oranges in her bag.一There are no oranges in her bag.一般疑问句：There be结构的一般疑问句变化只需把be动词移到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。例如： There is some money in her handbag. 一 Is there any money in her handbag?（疑问句和否认句中，some 改 为 any, something 改为 anything.）特殊疑问句：There be句型的特殊疑问句有以下三种形式： 对主语提问：当主语是人时，用“Who，s+介词短语?当主语是物时，用“What's +介词短语?九 其 中there在口语中常常省略。注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式（回 答时却要根据实际情况来决定）。如： There is a bird in the tree. 一What's in the tree? There are some bikes over there. 一What's over there?There is a little girl in the room. 一Who is in the room? 对地点状语提问：用"Where is are +主语?”表示（注意其答语变化）：例如： There is a computer in my office.一 Where is the computer?It's in my office. There are four children in the classroom.一Where are the four children?一They' re in the classroom. 对数量提问：一般有两种提问方式：如果主语是可数名词，无论是单数还是复数，都用“How many +可数名词复数+ are there +介词短语？ ”表 示：There are twelve months in a year.>How many months are there in a year?如果主语是不可数名词，那么用“How much +不可数名词+ is there +介词短语？ ”表示：There is some money in my purse. How much money is there inyour purse?反意疑问句：There be或There加其它动词，其反意疑问句一律用there?例如:There is a beautiful girl in the garden, isn't there?There used to be no school here, used there did there?三、考前须知：1. There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”“was”。例如：There is a basketball in the box.There is a little milk in the glass.如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are” “were"。例如：There are many birds in the tree.There were many people in the street yesterday.如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说 的“就近原那么例如：There is an orange and some bananas in the basket. 2.There 与 be 中间可插入一些表推 测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语（如和将来时be going to will、现在完成时havehas + pp.、 used to结构等连用，注意其构成形式,这一内容在我们日常练习中经常出现错误，是一难点，也是历年中考试题 中的一个考点.）。例如：There must be a pen in the box.There is going to be a meeting tonight.There used to be a church across from the bank.3 .There be句型和havehas的区别：There be句型表示“存在有”, havehas表示“拥有“所有”，两者不能同时使用.例如：桌子上有三本书.There are three books on the desk.我有三本书.I have three books.4 . There be +主语+ doing +介词短语.例如：There is a truck collecting rubish outside.There is a wallet lying on the ground.【典例 2 （2019长春）There a book sale in our school library once a year.（）A. isB. wasC. areD were【答案】A【解析】There be有，there be句型be动词确实定遵循就近原那么,主语是a book sale ,指单数，根据once a year可知用一般现在时，be动词用is应选：A.句意：我们学校图书馆每年有一次图书销售.【点拨】解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合时态和主谓一致准 确作答.【变式训练2】（2019丹东） a report about nOne Belt One Road"（“一带一路"）in our school this weekend.（）A. There used to beB. There will beC There isD. There was（2019青海）-a big clock on the wall?- Yes, but it was broken in the earthquake.（）A Have you gotB. Did you haveC. Was there【地点介词 at, in, on, under, behind, in front of, near 用法】介词又称为前置词，它不能单独作句子的成分，必须与名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词类、短语构成介 词短语才能充当句子成分。以下是一些常见方位介词的用法：l.at表示'”在处"，一般指较小的比拟具体的地点。如：He isnVt at school. He is at home.他不在学校，他在家。2.1 n表示'”在内部；在里面'”的意思。如：What is in the box?盒子里有什么？1. on表示V在某物的上面"，但两者互相接触。如:My books are on that table.我的书在那张桌子上。2. under表示'”在某物垂直的正下方"，两者之间不接触。如：My cat is under my chair.我的猫在我的椅子下。3. behind