福建专用2023年高考英语一轮复习课时规范练7Unit4A含解析北师大版.docx

课时规范练7 Unit4（A）（35分钟）I .阅读理解A（2017 北京卷）Hollywood' s theory that machines with evil （牙B恶的）minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly.The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence（AI） may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener,who founded the field of cybernetics （控制论），put it this way: "If we use,to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere 预），we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire. ”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality,one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born,nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead.So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machinesinside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams一yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just "switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility.Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, withconfidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine. v However, on September 12,1933,physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced （中子诱导）nuclear chain reaction.1. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may . A.run out of human controlB. satisfy human' s real desires C. command armies of killer robots D. work faster than a mathematician 2. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .A.prevent themselves from being destroyed B achieve their original goals independently C.do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches3. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots' affecting the world4. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It wi11 disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It wi11 stay for a decade.B（2019 浙江杭州模考）Microsoft has developed a new smartphone app that interprets eye signals and translates them into letters, allowing people with motor neurone disease to communicate with others from a phone.The GazeSpeak app combines a smartphone? s camera with artificial intelligence to recognize eye movements in real time and convert them into letters, words and sentences.For people suffering from ALS（渐冻症）also known as motor neuronedisease, eye movement can be the only way to communicate.“Current eye-tracking input systems for people with ALS or other motor impairments are expensive,not robust under sunlight,and require frequent recalibration and substantial, relatively immobile setups,“ said XiaoyiZhang,a researcher at Microsoft who developed the technology.“To mitigate the drawbacks. . we created GazeSpeak, an eye-gesture communication system that runs on a smartphone, and is designed to be low-cost, constant, portable and easy to learn. ”The app is used by the listener by pointing their smartphone at the speaker. A chart that can be stuck to the back of the smartphone is then used by the speaker to determine which eye movements to make in order to communication.The sticker shows four grids （网格）of letters, which each correspond to a different eye movement. By looking up,down, left or right,the speaker selects which grids the letters they want belong to. The artificial intelligence algorithm is then able to predict the word or sentence they are trying to say.Zhang' s research, Smartphone-Based Gaze Gesture Communication for People with Motor Disabilities, is set to be presented at the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems in May.5. How does the new smartphone app help people with ALS?A.By looking into the eyes of the sufferers.B.By connecting its camera with sufferers' appearance.C. By communicating with people directly with a camera.D. By changing eye movements into detailed written information.6.Why did the researchers develop GazeSpeak?A. GazeSpeak will have fewer disadvantages.B.Current systems can' t function effectively.C. GazeSpeak can be properly used in the medical field.D.Current systems can increase the risk of motor disabilities.7. What can we know according to the text?A. Sufferers? eye movements are determined by GazeSpeak.B.Current systems are solid but costly for sufferers.C. GazeSpeak hasn, t been practically on the market.D.GazeSpeak has helped people a lot.IL七选五阅读根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。AvoidlnternetAddiction Many people suffer from addiction to the Internet and have a hard time paying attention to the important things around them. How can we prevent ourselves from going online too much?Admit you have an addiction. 2 Realise more and more people in the world are becoming addicted. You are not the only one with this problem. Do not be embarrassed;find others with the same problem and help each other beat it.Limit your computer time. Make sure not to turn it on too many times a week. Before using your computer, decide on a time limit such as 30 minutes.Set the clock and make sure that you get off the computer when the time is up. 3Try using the computer at the library. You won' t be as attracted to look at certain websites and they do have a limit on how long you can stay online. 4 So you won' t be as attracted to be on the Internet as at home.5 Go for a run with a friend or get exercise some other way. Keep up with the local events in your neighbourhood. There may be talks, films, concerts and sports events etc. Findsome, as long as it is not on the Internet, and get involved.A. You will be happier if you use the Internet less.B.There is no use avoiding the truth.C. Also,it is a good place to get some good books and magazines to read.D.Get a hobby or an interest.E.Internet addiction affects a lot of people.F. Get your friends to remind you if you' ve been on a long time.G.Try to reduce the amount of time by 5 minutes each time.III.语篇填空Many students want to find friends on the Internet as a way of practising their language skills and learning 1. different cultures. With the Internet,finding friends has been much 2.(easy) and such a relationship is called keypals. However, you should take care when 3.(find) friends on the Internet.First, look for reviews of your chosen sites 4.(learn) more about other students' experiences.Don, t join service until you 5.(do) your research.Then, you, d better use a nickname, rather than your real name to protect 6. (you), and never give personal 7.(inform) to anyone, your home address, phone number and birthday 8.(include). What, s more, you should stop contact with others if you feel uncomfortable with the topics of conversation. Meanwhile, it, s best to ask appropriate questions to learn someone' s personal experience, 9. may help you understand 10. wholeculture. Mostimportantly, tell your teachers, parents or even the police if a problem arises.答案：I . 1. A 2. A 3.D 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. C II. T5 EBGCDIII. 1. about/from 2. easier 3. finding 4. to learn 5. have done 6. yourself 7. information 8. included 9. which 10.the