中考英语动词的语法归纳与高频动词用法.docx

英语动词的语法归纳动词1)表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。2)根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词(Notional Verb)、 系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词(Modal Verb)。说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。(having是实义动词。)He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。(has是助动词。)3)动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(TransitiveVerb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),缩写形式分别为vt.和vi.o说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动 词。)4)根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词(FiniteVerb)、非限定动词(Non-finite Verb)例如:She sings very well,她唱得很好。(sing受主语she的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings。)I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望着能自己一人待在这所房子里。4. pay attention to doing注意力集中在做某事上You should pay attention to picking your words . 你应该注意措词。5. devote to doing奉献去做某事I devote myself to helping the poor.我致力于帮助穷人。六.加to do=加doing的高频考查动词1. start to do =start doing 开始做When did you start to learn English?你何时开始学英语的?2. learn to do = learn doing 学着做She is learning to play the piano.她在学弹钢琴。3. continue to do = continue doing 继续做Bread continues to rise in price.面包的价格继续上涨。七.加to doW加doing的高频考查动词1. forget to do忘记要做Don't forget to leave room for our teacher.forget doing做了某事而把它忘记了2. remember to do 记得要做remember doing 记得做过She wants to learn English well.她想学好英语。(to learn 不受主语she 的限制, 没有词形变化，是非限定动词。说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive)、动名 词(Gerund)、分词(Participle)。5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词(One-Word Verb)、短 语动词(Phrasal Verb)、动词短语(Verbal Phrase)例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbs and verbal phrases. 英语里 有许多短语动词和动词短语。(contains是单字动词。)Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries.学生们学会查字 典。(look up是短语动词。)The young ought to take care of the old.年轻人应照料老人。(take care of 是 动词短语。)6)动词有五种形态，分别是：原形(Original Form)、第三人称单数形式(Singular From in Third Personal) 过去式(Past Form)、过去分词(Past Participle)、现在分词 (Present Participle)。英语动词归类一、动词的分类l.be 动词(am, is, are, was, were)系动词（look, seem, feel, taste, smell, sound 等）情态动词（can, could, may, might, shall, should, must）实义动词（及物动词与不及物动词）2 .谓语动词（根据时态变化）非谓词动词（根据句型的变化）3 .非谓语动词分类动词不定式动词的原型（或叫省略to的不定式）动词的ing二、系动词：1、be+表语（adj,介词短语，名词短语，构成一般现在时或一般过去时）eg： I am an English boy 名词短语she is at school 介词短语Lilei is strong 形容词Maria was born in BeijingThey were in the library just now2、系动词：look,seem, feel, taste, smell 之后力U adjeg： Jim looks happy today1不可用 happily)The food tastes good（不可用 well）三、情态动词：1、can 与 could：表示能力时，can为现在或将来的能力，could为过去能力eg： Icansingthissong （现在的能力）She could swim when she was five.（过去的能力）表示请求允许表征求对方意见时，could更为委婉eg： Can I helpyou?基本上等同于Could I help you?（相对更诚肯一些）2 may 与 might表示猜想意义“可能”He may know他可能知道表示请求允许或征求对方意见时，等同于can与could.eg： May I help you ?May I speak to Lucy?3 must意为必须eg： Must Lucy finish the work at once?Yes,she must. No, she needn't （否认回答必须改为 needn, t 或 don't haveto）4.mustnf t 不准needn* t不必要eg： You mustnr t swim in the river, ltJ s dangerous.You needn' t go shopping at once, you can go tomorrow.5、shall与should与第一人称搭配，可表示提建议eg： shall I goto the zoo with Lilei?四、谓语动词：1、谓语动词的4种形式：动词的第三人称单数a. 一般情况下在动词之后加sb.以 s, x, ch,sh, o 结尾的加 es.c.辅音字母加y结尾的，把y改为i再加es现在分词a. 一般情况下在动词之后加ingb.以不发音字母e结尾的，去e再加ingc.以重读闭音节结尾，最后只有一个辅音字母，先双写辅音字母再加ing过去式与过去分词（规那么变化）a. 一般情况下，在动词之后加edb.以e结尾的，在动词之后加odc.辅音字母+y结尾的，把y改为i再加edd.重读闭音节结尾;最后只有一个辅音字母，先双写辅音字母再加ed初中英语高频动词用法大汇总一.加to do的高频考查动词1. afford to do负担的起做某事We can' t afford to make any mistakes.我们承当不起任何失误。2. agree to do同意做某事Do you agree to have dinner today?今天你同意一块吃饭吗？3. choose to do选择做某事Why do so many choose to leave their country?为什么有这么多人要离开祖 国？4. decide to do决定做某事She decided to accept the offer.她决定接受这一提议。5. expect to do期待做某事The shop expects to make more money this year.这家店铺期望今年多赚点钱。6. hope to do希望做某事I hope to see you again sometime next year.我希望明年某一时候再见到你。二.加sb. to do的高频考查动词1. allow ab. to do允许某人做某事My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.老板不许我使用 。2. encourage sb. to do鼓励某人做某事Peter, my English teacher, never fails to encourage us to study hard. 我的英文 老师彼得总是鼓励我们要好好用功。3. force sb. to do强迫某人做某事No power on earth could force me to do it.谁也不能强迫我做这事。4. invite sb. to do邀请某人做某事We invite her to have Thanksgiving dinner with us.我们邀请她和我们一起吃 感恩节晚餐。三.后加doing的高频考查动词1. avoid doing防止做某事Avoid crossing this street at rush hours.防止在交通拥挤时间穿越这条街道。2. consider doing考虑做某事Would you consider working in New York next year?明年你考虑到纽约工作吗？3. enjoy doing享受做某事I enjoy singing, much more listening to music.我喜欢唱歌，更不用说听音乐 了。4. finish doing结束做某事It took us a whole week to finish painting the home,我们花了整整一星期的时 间才把房子粉刷好。5. hate doing讨厌做某事The boys hate doing homework on Sundays.男孩们讨厌在星期日做家庭作 业。6. imagine doing想象做某事I can't imagine living with a drunk.我想象不出与一个醉汉生活在一起的情 形。四.加do的高频考查动词1. let sb. do让某人做某事I hope you can pardon his badness and let him start all over again.希望您能原 谅他的不好，让他从新开始。2. make sb. do使某人做某事He find it impossible to make her change her mind.他发现使她改变主意是不 可能的。3. hear sb. do听见某人做某事The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him.大声叫嚷的孩子听不到妈 妈的叫唤。4. have sb. do要求某人做某事Will you like to have him call you back ?要他给你回个 吗？5. would rather do than do宁愿做不愿做They would rather go fishing than stay at home.他们宁愿去钓鱼，也不愿待在 家里。6. had better do最好做某事You had better have another think.你最好 再想一想。五.加to doing的高频考查动词1. prefer doing to doing 宁愿做.不愿做.Their teacher prefers doing to talking.他们的老师喜欢做而不喜欢说。2. be used to doing习惯做某事I'm not used to doing shopping online.我不习惯于网上购物。3. look forward to doing 期待做某事