高中英语高考英语名词常考题型例题及答案第z1855期.docx

高中英语高考英语名词常考题型例题及答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）1、 The ability to keep calm is one of her many. Owing to that, she was promoted to deal with the emergency.A. basesB. challengesC. benefitsD. strengths答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：保持冷静的能力是她的许多优点之一。因此，她被提拔去处理紧急情况。A. bases 基础，基地；B. challenges挑战;C.benefits好处；D.strengths优点。结合句意可知，此处指保持冷静是她众 多优点之一，strength符合题意。应选D。2、 I have a strong for country life because it brings me peace in mind.A. benefitB. reliefC. preferenceD. defence答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对乡村生活有着强烈的喜好，因为它给我带来心灵的平和。A. benefit益处；B. relief慰藉；C.preference爱好，偏好；D.defence防御。由because引导的原因状语从句内容推断，这是我” 喜欢、向往乡村生活的理由。应选C。3、 Many people make a sharp between humans and other animals.A. balanceB. examinationC. distinctionD. conclusion答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多人把人类和其他动物区分得很清楚。A. balance平衡；B.examination检查；C. distinction区分;D.conclusion结论。根据后文“between humans and other animals指区分人类和其它动物，应用 distinctiono 应选 Coand shyness, have a major impact on learning.A. featuresB. personalitiesC. memoriesD. appearances答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据剑桥大学最近发表的一项研究结果，性格，例如固执和害羞对学习有重大影 响。A. feature 特征;B. personality 性格,气质；C. memory 回忆;D. appearance 外表。空后 such as stubbornness and shyness表示"例如固执和害羞，都是在对人的性格进行举例，故空处需填名词personalities 表示性格。应选B项。30、 The official is preparing documents for a four-nation regional meeting on elephant.A. constitutionB. affectionC. conservationD. production答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员正在为一个关于大象保护的四国区域会议准备文件。A. constitution构成, 组成；B. affection喜爱；C. conservation保护；D. production生产。这里指关于大象保护的文件。应选Co31、The officer insisted that Michael did not follow the correct in applying for a visa.A. declarationB. gravityC. procedureD. porcelain答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位官员坚持说，迈克尔在申请签证时没有按照正确的程序。A. declaration宣布;B.gravity重力;C. procedure程序;D.porcelain瓷器。根据"applying for a visa”可知,签证要按照程序申请。 应选C。32、The first week was a little confusing,以上句子中黑体加粗的是.A.名词短语B.形容词短语C.介词短语D.副词短语答案：A10解析: 考查句子成分。句意：第一周有点混乱。The first week为名词短语，作主语；a little confusing为形容词短语, 作表语，应选A。33、Since you have no child after ten years' marriage, you/d better a child from local government forA. adapt; companyB. adapt; friendC. adopt; friendD. adopt; company答案：D解析：考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意：既然你婚后十年没有孩子，你最好从当地政府收养一个孩子做伴。adapt v. 适应；adopt V.收养;company n.陪伴;friend n.朋友。根据you have no child after ten years，marriage”可知，第 一空是建议收养(adopt)一个孩子，第二空表示收养孩子的目的，for company为固定搭配，表示做伴”。应选 D项。34、I think he was born to be an/a of a newspaper.A. sweatB. editorC. helicopterD. whistle答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为他天生就是当报纸编辑的料。A. sweat汗水；B. editor编辑；C. helicopter 直升机;D. whistle 口哨。结合空后名词newspaper可知，此处指报纸编辑。应选B。35、Yuan Longping devoted his life to the research and development of high-yielding rice, making outstanding contributions to China's food.A. lackB. cuisineC. securityD. purchase答案：C 解析:11 考查名词词义辨析。句意：袁隆平一生致力于高产水稻的研究和开发，为中国的粮食平安做出了杰出的贡献。A. lack缺乏；B. cuisine风味；A security平安;D.purchase采购。由语意可知,袁隆平一生致力于研究高产、 平安的水稻。应选C项。36、The royal family has announced that the of the new baby is female.A. weightB. issueC. gender答案：c解析：考查名词。句意:皇室宣布新生儿的性别为女性。A.weight重量;B.issue问题；C.gender性别。根据空格后 “female”可知，空格处指性别。应选C。37、 The on his face suggested that he was a little nervous.A. instructionB. expressionC. attitudeD. behavior答案：B解析：考查名词。句意:他脸上的表情说明他有点紧张。A.instruction用法说明;B.expression表情；C.attitude态度;D.behavior行为。根据下文of hisface （他脸上的）”可知说的是表情,应选择B项。38、Nowadays, food safety has become the of the government as well as the society.A. advantages. focusC. companyD. anger答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，食品平安以及成为政府和社会关注的焦点。A. advantage优点；B. focus焦 点；C pany公司，陪伴；D.anger愤怒。根据句意，政府和社会关注食品平安，应选B项。39、 Every Cannon digital camera we sell comes with a two-year.A. guarantees. safetyC. protectionD. promise12答案：A解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我们出售的每台佳能数码相机都有两年的保修期。A. guarantee保修；B.safety平安；C. protection 保护；D. promise 承诺。根据"Cannon digital camera we sell"及"two-year”可知，出售的相机产品会 有保修期。应选A。40、 The police ordered him not to leave the city without.A. atmosphereB. baconC. curiosityD. permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察命令他未经允许不得离开这座城市。A. atmosphere气氛；B.bacon熏肉；C. curiosity好奇心；D. permission许可。由The police ordered him可知，此处应该是“未经允许不得离开这座城 市，permission符合句意。应选D项。41、 Anyway, whether they like it or not, they do give people a very good.A. impressionB. impressC. impressiveD. impressed答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：不管怎样,不管他们喜欢与否,他们确实给人们一个很好的印象。A.impression印象； B.impress留下深刻印象；C.impressive令人印象深刻的；D.impressed印象深刻的。"a very good”后跟名词的单 数形式，因此空格处是"impression",应选A。42> A person can be judged by the books he reads and the he keeps.A. scheduleB. measureC. performanceD. company答案：D解析：13 考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以通过一个人所看的书和他交的朋友判断他是什么样的人。A. schedule工作计 划，日程安排，时刻表；B. measure尺度，判断，度量单位；C.performance表演，表现，业绩，性能；D. company在一起的一群人。根据句子结构和句意可知，这里考查keep company与某人为伍，和某人交朋友的 意思。he keeps是做先行词"the company的定语从句，"company在定语从句中做宾语，指代人，关系代词 that/whom可以省略。应选D项。43、 As you know, the of any species is largely influenced by its connections with other species.A. evolutionB. conclusionC. appreciationD. association答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如你所知，任何物种的进化在很大程度上都受其与其他物种的联系的影响。A.evolution 进化；B. conclusion 结论；C. appreciation 欣赏；D. association 联盟。根据句中的“species（物种）可知, “evolution进化”符合句意。应选A。44> The whole have been hunting for the missing child.A. broadcastB. strategyC. contributionD. neighborhood答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：整个社区的人都在寻找那个失踪的孩子。A.broadcast广播；B.strategy策略； contribution贡献；D.neighborhood街坊。根据句意并结合各选项可知，是大家都在寻找丧失的孩子。应选 Do45、As an experienced cook, her main cooking is to use only fresh ingredients.A. innovationB. philosophyC. trendD. sample答案：B 解析:14 考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一个经验丰富的厨师，她的主要烹饪哲学是只使用新鲜的食材工A. innovation 创新；B. philosophy 哲学；C. trend 趋势；D. sample 样本。根据"is to use only fresh ingredients可知，空处应使 用名词philosophy,表达哲学、理念之意，其他选项不符合题意。应选B项。46、His business was very successful, but it was at the of his family life.A. expenseB. possessionC. wisdomD. fashion答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的生意非常成功，但却以家庭生活为代价。A. expense花费；B.possession财富;C. wisdom智慧；D. fashion时尚。短语at the possession of,意为“在牺牲（或损害）的情况下，结合句意 及句中but可知，此处指他的生意的成功以牺牲家庭为代价，应选A。47、The post card is sent by.A. a friend of my fatherB. a friend of my father'sC. my father friendD. my father friend's答案：B解析：考查名词所有格辨析。句意：这张明信片是我父亲的一个朋友寄来的。根据句意分析，此处表达我的父亲的 一个朋友，应用双重所有格结构，a friend of my father's我父亲的一个朋友，符合题意。应选B项。48、 The plan was so shallow and impractical that no serious was ever made to realize it.A. achievementB. commentC. attemptD. credit答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个计划是如此浅薄和不切实际，以至于从来没有人认真尝试去实现它。A.achievement 成就;B. comment 评论；C. attempt 尝试；D. credit 信用。根据“The plan was so shallow and impractical”可知，没有人进行认真的尝试来实现这个计划。应选C。49、He, who had been granted （准许）an of his contract with the club for another two years, was over the15moon.A. visionB. extensionC. assumptionD. consumption答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他被俱乐部准许将合同再延长两年，这真是太高兴了。A. vision视力、视野；B. extension延长；C.assumption假定；D.consumption消费、消耗量。根据句意可知，合同续约了，他非常高 兴，因此合同延长符合语境。应选B项。50、 Much to my, the city has developed rapidly over the years.A. amazeB. amazedC. amazementD. amazing答案：c解析：考查名词。句意：令我惊讶的是，这些年来这个城市开展的十分迅速。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语to one's amazement,意为令某人吃惊的是，形容词性物主代词后接名词作宾语。应选C。小提示：51、 Though there is a long between Tom and his family, they don/t feel.A. distance; distanceB. distant; distantC. distance; distantD. distant; distance答案：c解析：考查名词和动词。句意：虽然汤姆和他的家人之间距离很远，但他们并不感到疏远。long是形容词，修饰名 词，因此第一空是名词distance,前面有a,因此空格处用单数，feel是感官动词，其后跟形容词作表语，因 此第二空是distanto应选Co52> The media are filled with about what roles women should play in society.A. crisisB. conventionC. stereotypesD. substances16答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：媒体充满着关于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色的刻板印象。A. crisis危机；B. convention 习俗；C. stereotypes 亥U板E象；D. substances 物质。 由 what roles women should play in society 可矢口， 媒体对于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色，总有一个刻板印象。应选C项。53、 Miss Sweets smile always makes me feel warm and lively. Its like a hidden to me.A. treasureB. traditionC. interviewD. competition答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯威特小姐的微笑总是让我感到温暖和活泼。对我来说，它就像一个隐藏的宝藏。A. treasure 宝藏；B. tradition 传统；C. interview 采访；D. competition 竞争。根据"Miss Sweets smile always makes me feel warm and lively.可知，斯威特小姐的微笑总是让我感到温暖和活泼，这对于我来说应该是像一 个隐藏的宝藏。应选A项。54、Most vegetables we buy in winter are planted in the.A. packageB. creditC. arrangementD. greenhouse答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们冬天买的大局部蔬菜都种在温室里。A. package包裹；B.credit信用，学分， 赞扬；C. arrangement安排；D. greenhouse温室。根据常识可知，冬天买的蔬菜大局部是生长在温室里的。故 选DoWhat we say should be consistent with what we do. There should not be in our words and actions.A. conservationB. contradictionC. consequenceD. consultation答案：B 解析:17考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们说的应该和做的一致。我们的言行不应该有矛盾。A. conservation保护；B.contradiction 矛盾；C. consequence 结果；D. consultation 咨询。 根据上文“What we say should be consistentwith what we do.可知,指言行不矛盾,应用contradiction。应选B。184、Linda wants to go abroad for further study after graduating from high school, but she needs to ask for her parents.A. movementB. professionC. destinationD. permission答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:琳达高中毕业后想要出国深造，但是她需要征求父母的许可。A.movement运动； B.profession职业；C.destination目的地；D.permission准许。结合句意可知，permission"准许符合题意，故 选择D项。5、Finally, the man became ill under the great of work.A. frightenedB. lovelyC. pressureD. unfamiliar答案：c解析：考查名词和形容词辨析。句意：最后，这个人在巨大的工作压力下病倒了。A. frightened害怕的；B.lovely可 爱的；C. pressure压力；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。结合句意和空格前定冠词the,以及作定语的形容词great可 知,应填入名词pressure(压力)作宾语，且underpressure是常用词组,表示“承受压力。应选C项。6、What was the of the football match last night?AC Milan won the game.A. valueB. resultC. choiceD. decision答案:B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一一昨晚足球比赛的结果是什么？ 一一AC米兰赢了。A. value价值；B.result结果;C. choice选择；D. decision决定。根据答语"AC Milan won the game,”可知此处是在问比赛结果，应选B。7、 These measures have been taken with a (n) to increasing the company's profits.A. viewB. intentionC. purposeD. aim答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：采取这些措施是为了增加公司的利润。A. view打算；目的；B. intention意图；目 的；C.purpose目的；D.aim目标；目的。短语with a view to表示为了；指望，是固定搭配，而其他选项没 有这样的搭配。应选A。8、 Jamie deserves the for trying his best to save the drowning boy.A. creditB. blameC. shockD. stress答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰米竭尽全力抢救落水男孩，值得赞扬。A. credit赞扬；B.blame责备；C. shock 震惊；D.stress 压力。根据后文"for trying his best to save the drowning boy可知是值得赞扬，应用 credit。故 选Ao9、The of the group that will be studied depends on the interests of the researcher: all high schoolstudents, all college students, or half high school students and half college students.A. ingredientB. conventionC. compoundD. composition答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：被研究小组的组成取决于研究人员的兴趣：所有高中生，所有大学生，或者一半 高中生一半大学生。A. ingredient原料,成分；B. convention习俗，惯例，大会;C pound混合物,合成 词；D. composition成分构成，组成，创作。由语意可知，composition"成分构成，组成”符合题意。应选D项。10、Her own experience as a child was marked with adversity in her youth, she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults.（找出划线单词的同义词或英文解释）A. fortuneB. hardshipsC. prideD. kindness答案：B解析: 考查名词。句意：她的童年经历充满了逆境和不顺一一小时候她被幼儿园拒收，就连大人都用难听的名字称 呼她。A. fortune 运气；B. hardships 逆境，艰难；C. pride 自豪;D. kindness 善行。根据后文“she was rejected from a preschool and called horrible names, even by adults”可知，她的童年是充满挫折和不顺的，所以划线词所 指的也应该是这种意思，与B选项含义相同。应选B项。11、 Mr. Wang was a man of before he turned.A. success, a writerB. a success, writerC. success, writerD. a success, a money答案：c解析：考查名词辨析。句意：王先生在成为作家之前是个成功人士。success成功，不可数名词。假设作可数名词，抽 象名词具体化，表示“一个成功的人或事情”。此处前面已经有a,故of后面不用冠词a。a man of success一个 成功的人。turn为系动词，后面接名词作表语，turn writer成为作家，不用冠词，表示概念。应选C项。12、Well never forget the Zhong Nanshan has made to the fight against COVID-19.A. pressB. donationsC. contributionsD. efforts答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠肺炎疫情作出的贡献。A.press新闻界；B.donations捐赠；C.contributions贡献;D.efforts努力。根据常识可知，我们永远不会忘记钟南山为抗击新冠 肺炎疫情作出的贡献，空格处意为贡献，应选C。13、We can see monuments here and there. Those who have made great to human beings and society willnever be forgotten.A. conclusionsB. attractionsC. contributionsD. achievements答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以看到到处都是纪念碑。那些对人类和社会做出过重大贡献的人将永远不 会被忘记。A.condusions 结论;B.attractions 吸引力；C.contributions 贡献；D.achievements 成就。结合句意， 此处是短语：make great contributions to,意为“对做出重大贡献。应选C。14、 You'll get a false of the town if you only visit the university.A. impressionB. companyC. youthD. rent答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你只参观大学，你会对这个城市产生错误的印象。A.impression印象； B pany公司；C.youth青春;D.rent租金。结合"visit the university和选项可推知,句中谈论的是对大学和 城市的印象，a false impression”错误的印象，符合语境。应选A。15、 Children's over-dependence on cellphones has become one of the top of modern parents.A. benefitsB. concernsC. responsesD. functions答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子对手机的过度依赖已经成为现代父母最担忧的问题之一。A. benefits好处；B.concerns 担忧的事；C. responses 反响；D. functions 功能。 根据上文“Children's over-dependence on cellphones has become one of the top可知指孩子对手机的过度依赖已经成为现代父母最担忧的问题之一，应用concerno 应选Bo16、Some department stores offer a 20% discount on food products six hours before the date on theproduct.A. packagingB. expirationC. composition答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些百货公司在食品保质期前6小时提供20%的折扣。A.packaging外包装；B.expiration 到期；C. composition 作文。根据"offer a 20% discount on food products”可知，食品到期之前百货公 司才会打折，expiration date （食物的）有效期。应选B。17、 He made a great to the development of the new medicine.A. challengeB. contributionC. characterD. concern答案：B解析：考查名词。句意:他对新药品的开展做出了巨大贡献。A. challenge挑战；B.contribution贡献；C.character角 色；D. concern担忧。分析句子可知，动作的对象是新药品的研发，结合选项这里应该指他对此做出了贡献, 符合短语 make a contribution to。应选 B 项。18、 Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees, a great many answered the call.A. ancestorsB. applicantsC. operatorsD. boarders答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：读了招聘合格员工的广告后，很多求职者都应征了。A. ancestors祖先；B.applicants 申请人，求职者;C. operators 操作员;D. boarders 寄宿者。根据上文“Having read the advertisement for the qualified employees可知此处指求职者应征，应用applicantSo应选B。19、 The teacher often makes a（n）on how different the two boys are.A. commentB. decisionC. impressionD. effect答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：老师经常评论这两个男孩有多么不同。A ment评论；B.decision决定；Compression印 象；D.effect影响。根据后句"on how different the two boys are （这两个男孩有多么不同）”可知为评论的具体6内容，固定短语make a comment on对做出评论。应选A。20、 We should respect the people/s religious.A. blossomB. beliefC. poetD. award答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该尊重人民的宗教信仰。A. blossom花朵；B. belief信仰；C.poet诗人；D. award奖励。由religious可知,此处指"宗教信仰。应选B项。21、Linda gave us a vivid of her trip to Mount Lushan after her return.A. directions. explanationC. imaginationD. account答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：琳达回来后给我们生动地描述了她的庐山之行。A.direction方向；B.explanation解 释；C.imagination想象力；D.account描述。由"of her trip to Mount Lushan”可知,句子表示“琳达回来后给我们 生动地描述了她的庐山之行，空格处是''描述，应选D。22、 Mum's "Little Bank" was used for sudden, such as the time when Christine broke her arm and had to be taken to a doctor.A. emergenciesB. proposalsC. functionsD. individuality答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：妈妈的小银行被用于应对突然发生对的紧急情况，例如当克里斯丁弄伤胳膊并 且不得不带去看医生时。A.emergencies紧急情况；B.proposals建议；C.functions功能；D.individuality个性。 结合下文例如当克里斯丁弄伤胳膊并且不得不带去看医生时可知，上文说的是突然发生的紧急情况， emergencies"紧急情况符合句意，应选择A项。23、 From my hotel room window, I could see a large board with his face on it: Jason, the Great Magician.A. amusementB. advertisementC. manuscriptD. assignment答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：透过酒店房间的窗户，我可以看到一个印着他头像的大广告牌:杰森，大魔术师。A.amusement 有趣；B.advertisement 广告；C. manuscript 手稿；D. assi