高中英语高考英语名词常考题型例题及答案第r7217期.docx

高中英语高考英语名词常考题型例题及答案单项选择题（精选试题-名师出品）1、 It's time for all countries to work together to reduce air.A. recognitions. reservationC. positionD. pollution答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在是所有国家共同努力减少空气污染的时候了。A. recognition认识，识别；B. reservation预定,预约;C.position位置；D. pollution污染。根据空前句意可知,空处需用名词pollution,表 示所有国家共同努力减少空气污染。应选D。2、 I watched the plane go higher and higher until I lost of it.A. viewB. sceneC. visionD. sight答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看着飞机越飞越高，直到它消失在我的视线里。根据句子分析可知，此处表示 “看不见”,表达为sb. lose sight of sth.。A. view风景；B. scene场景；C.vision视觉；D. sight视野，视线。应选Do3、This information allows businessmen to keep of their list of goods by showing which items are beingsold and how fast they are moving.A. sightB. trackC. touchD. sign答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些信息通过显示正在出售的商品和商品移动的速度，使商人能够跟踪他们的商 品清单。A. sight 视力;B. track 踪迹；C. touch 触碰；D. sign 迹象。根据后文“of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving可知指跟踪他们的商品清单，应用 keep track ofo 应选答案：A 解析：考查连词和名词短语辨析。句意：既然他有一大笔钱，他可以买任何他想要的东西。A. Now that; a large amount of 既然，大量；B. Now that; a large number of 既然，很多；C. Due to; a large amount of 由于，大量；D. Due to; a large number of由于，很多。第一空，now that是连词，表示“既然，due to是介词短语，表示“由 于，分析句子,空处引导原因状语从句,应用now that引导从句;第二空，a large number of表示“很多， 修饰可数名词的复数形式，a large amount of表示大量，修饰不可数名词，money是不可数名词，空处应用 短语 a large amount of。应选 A 项。30、Americans eat vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.A. more than twiceB. twice as many asC. as twice as manyD. more than twice as many答案：D解析：考查倍数表达法。句意：美国人现在吃的蔬菜是他们在1910年吃的蔬菜的2倍多。根据句子结构和意思可知, 这里考查倍数表达法，倍数要放在比拟结构as+adj.+n.+as的前面，被修饰的名词vegetables是可数名词复数 形式，所以用many, “2倍多用more than twice表达。应选D。31> Zhanguimei's selfless to the cause of education is well known, and all her students respect and loveher.A. faultB. complexityC. devotionD. agony答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：张桂梅对教育事业的无私奉献是众所周知的，她的所有学生都尊敬爱戴她。A. fault过错；B. complexity难题；C.devotion奉献;D.agony极大的痛苦。根据句中的"selfless（无私的）”可知， “devotion（奉献）符合句意。应选C。1032、 On your way to New York William will keep you if you don't want to be lonely.A. companyB. companionC. safetyD. friend答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析和固定搭配。句意：在你去纽约的路上，威廉将会陪着你如果你不想太孤单的话。A.company陪伴；B panion同伴；C.safety平安；D.friend朋友。根据句意可知，固定搭配keep one's company意为"陪伴某人最合适。应选A。33> We have moved into a three-room flat so far. Our room is between.A. Mary's and Helen'sB. Mary and Helen'sC. Mary and HelenD. Mary's and Helen答案：A解析：考查名词所有格。句意：目前，我们已经搬进了一个三居的公寓。我们的房间就在Mary和Helen的中间。根 据前句a three-room flat （三居的公寓），可知有三间卧室，我们和Mary以及Helen每人一间卧室，所以我们 的房子才能在她们俩人的之间（between）。A项表示Mary和Helen分别有一间卧室。应选A项。34、 The organization has grown enormously since its in 1955.A. libertyB. divisionC. appointmentD. foundation答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织自1955年成立以来开展迅速。A.liberty自由；B. division分开、分配；C.appointment 约定；D.foundation 建立。根据上文“The organization has grown enormously（这个组织开展迅速）” 可知，该组织自1955年成立以来开展迅速。应选D。35、 If we had taken such effective much earlier, the river would not be polluted so seriously now.11A. treasuresB. effortsC. measuresD. concerns答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们早采取这么有效的措施，这条河现在就不会被污染的这么严重了。A.treasures 财产；珍宝；B. efforts 努力；C. measures 措施；D. concerns 关心。根据"the river would not be polluted so seriously now.可知，这里要表达的是采取措施，应选C项。36、 are kept on the firm for their meat or milk.A. 200 head cattleB. 200 head of cattleC. 200 head cattlesD. 200 heads of cattle答案：B解析：考查名词。句意：该公司饲养了 200头牛以获取肉或奶。表示牲畜的头数，用单位词head,单复数同形， cattle"牛是集体名词,单复数同形,200 head of cattle表示“200头牛。应选B。37、 Genius is one percent and ninety-nine percent perspiration.A. collectionB. orientationC. inspirationD. resource答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗水。A. collection聚集；B.orientation 方向； 信仰；C. inspiration 灵感；D. resource 资源。根据"and ninety-nine percent perspiration.”可知, 天才需要灵感，但更多的是汗水。应选C。38、Not knowing what the future will bring hardly seems a(n)for doing nothing.A. arguments. resourceC. performanceD. authority12答案：A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不知道未来会发生什么并不是什么都不做的理由。A.argument理由；B.resource 资源；C. performance表演；D.authority当权者。根据for doing nothing. 可知，不知道未来会发生什么并不 是什么都不做的理由。应选A项。小提示：39、 During the trip to London, what left me the deepest was St. Paul's Cathedral built many years ago.A. impressionB. panicC. resourceD. impact答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的是多年前修建的圣保罗大教堂。A.impression 印象;B. panic 恐慌；C. resource 资源；D. impact 影响。根据句中“the trip to London”和St. Paul'sCathedral"可知，句中陈述的是圣保罗大教堂是伦敦之行中，给我留下最深刻印象的景点，"impression意为 "印象，名词词性，符合句意。应选A项。40、When the ship was about to sink, the captain had no but to give orders to abandon the ship.A. timeB. powerC. optionD. strength答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当船即将漂浮时，船长别无选择，只能下令弃船。A.time时间；B. power力量； C.option选择;D. strength力气。固定短语have no option but to do sth,意为"除了别无选择,该空应该填 名词option,符合句意及其语法结构。应选C项。41、 In of our motherland, a large number of people lost their lives.A. defendB. defendsC. defenceD. defending答案：C13解析: 考查名词。句意：为了保卫祖国，许多人献出了生命。固定短语in defence of"保护，为了保卫，后常接名词 作宾语。应选C项。42> I want to know the sporting that catch the people's attention in China.A. accidentsB. eventsC. incidentsD. occasion答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:我想知道在中国引起人们关注的体育赛事。A.accident意外、意外事故；B.event 大事、公开活动、比赛工程；C.incident事故、事件；D.occasion场合。分析句子可知，本句所谈到的是体育 赛事、体育活动，应选B。43、 Our class held a fierce as to whether to reduce the amount of homework or not.A. bargainB. contestC- debateD. campaign答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们班就是否减少家庭作业进行了激烈的辩论。A. bargain减价品，廉价货；B.contest比赛，竞赛；C. debate辩论，讨论;D. campaign（有计划的）活动,运动。根据主语为"Our class（我们班） 以及后文“whether to reduce the amount of homework or not（是否要减少作业量）可知，此处应是一场班级内部 的辩论。应选C项。44> It's a pity that her suggestion met with.A. rejectionB. expectationC. distinctionD. cooperation答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：太遗憾了，她的建议遭到反对。A.rejection反对；B.expectation期待；C.distinction差异；D.cooperation合作。根据“lt，s a pity that”可知建议遭到反对。应选A。1445、We all know that a good sleeping bag is a necessary part of every camper's.A. experimentB. entertainmentC. equipmentD. settlement答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们都知道一个好的睡袋是每个露营者必备的装备。A.experiment实验； B.entertainment娱乐；C.equipment装备；D.settlement定居点。睡袋对露营者来说是一件装备，因此空格处 是 equipment, 应选 Co46> People who do not smoke have less of suffering from lung cancer than those who do so.A. potentials. causeC. hopeD. choice答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不吸烟的人比吸烟的人患肺癌的可能性小。A. potential可能性；潜在性；B. cause 原因；C.hope希望；D. choice选择。结合语境可知，句中将“不吸烟的人与''吸烟的人在患肺癌方面的可能 性（大小）方面进行了比拟。have potential of doing sth，固定短语，意为有做某事的可能性，符合语境搭 配。应选A项。47、They certainly need a of the fundamentals of playing their instruments, but learning to collaboraterequires understanding how these roles work together.A. stabilityB. graspC. acknowledgementD. manner答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们当然需要掌握演奏乐器的基本知识，但学会合作需要理解这些角色是如何协 同工作的。A. stability坚定;B.grasp掌握、领会；C.acknowledgement成认；D.manner举止。根据空后的“of the fundamentals of playing thei门nstruments可知此处用 a grasp of 表示“掌握，应选 B。48> I'm writing to ask you to do me a.15A. trunkB. favourC. conceptD. counter答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我写信是想请你帮我一个忙。A. trunk树干；B.favour帮助；C.concept概念；D.counter 柜台。根据上文“Tm writing to ask you to do me a指帮某人一个忙，应用 do sb. a favour。应选 B。49、After a careful survey, the hurricane of the house, which was not that severe, compared withneighboring ones, was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars.A. effectsB. damageC. ruinsD. crash答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：经过仔细的调查，飓风对这所房子的破坏，与邻近的房子相比并不严重，估计为1000 美元。A. effects 影响；B. damage 损害、损坏；C. ruins 废墟;D. crash 撞车。根据"was assessed at a reasonable 1000 dollars可知此处在评估飓风对这所房子的破坏程度，应选B。50、 While girls in general lack, boys often overestimate their abilities.A. confidenceB. challengeC. impressionD. intelligence答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：女孩通常缺乏自信，而男孩往往高估自己的能力。A. confidence自信；B. challenge 挑战；C. impression 印象;D. intelligence 智力。根据"While和“boys often overestimate their abilities.“可知，男 孩和女孩进行比照，女孩缺乏自信。应选A。51、There is an obvious between the cultures of the West and East.A. contentB. contrastC. contractD. contact答案：B 解析:16 考查名词词义辨析。句意：东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。A.content内容；B.contrast差异，比照； C.contract合同；D.contact联系。根据"the West and East.”可知，东西方文化之间有一个明显的差异。应选B 项。小提示：52> There is a nice picture in the little bedroom. She likes it very much.A. girlB. girlsC. girKsD. girls'答案：c解析：考查名词所有格。句意：小女孩的卧室里有一张漂亮的照片。她非常喜欢它。根据句意和空格后bedroom可 知，空格处应用名词所有格，表示小女孩的卧室，根据句中She可知，句中指一个小女孩，故排除B和D, 单数名词的所有格直接在名词后加's，故空格处应填girs，意为女孩的。应选C项。53、The lucky man had a narrow in series of accidents the other day.A. escapeB. claimC. lackD. limit答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:几天前，这个幸运的人在一系列事故中死里逃生。A. escape逃离；B.claim声称； Clack缺乏；D. limit限制。根据lucky man,此处描述男人是幸运的，所以是男人逃离了事故，A项符合句意, 应选A项。54> We saw a flock of sparrows and Dad said that they had a wide throughout the country.A. distributions. possessionC. professionD. platform答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们看到一群麻雀，爸爸说它们广泛分布在全国各地。A. distribution分布，分发;possession 拥有，持有；C. profession 职业；D. platform 平台。结合空后的"throughout the country”可知，此17处指它们分布在全国各地。应选A项。55、 He received an for the role he played.A. awardB. permissionC. strengthD. debt答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他因所扮演的角色而获奖。A.award奖;B.permission许可；C.strength优点;D.debt债。根据“for the role he played.可知,他因角色获奖了，应选A。小提示：18Bo4、What you do every day will eventually affect whether you can achieve your goal. In other words, your behavior will have a vital on your success.A. effortB. effectC. affectionD. affect答案：B解析：考查名词用法和词义辨析。句意：你每天做的事情最终会影响你是否能实现你的目标。换句话说，你的行为 将对你的成功有至关重要的影响。A. effort努力；B. effect影响；C.affection喜爱；D. affect影响。根据句意 可知，行为对于成功有影响，空处缺少名词作宾语，affect为动词。应选B项。5、 In the picture there are many and two.A. sheep; foxesB. sheeps; foxC. sheeps; foxesD. sheep;foxs答案：A解析：考查名词单复数辨析。句意：图中有许多羊和两只狐狸。根据题意，由many许多，可知sheep用复数形式, sheep羊，单复数同形；空格二由two可知，fox用复数形式，fox狐狸，复数形式为foxes。应选A项。6、 Mr. Tony always has to tell his students at the beginning of his lectures.A. a good newsB. some good piece of newsC. some good pieces of newsD. some piece of good news答案：C解析：考查量词短语。句意：在课程开始时，托尼先生总是有一些好消息告诉学生们。结合句意和选项可知，news 意为新闻，消息是不可数名词，想要表达数量，可用量词短语，即选项中的pieceof,意为条，个,而量 词短语中piece是可数的，其前有some修饰要用复数形式。应选C项。7、 Protecting yourself from theft is a matter of treating all your personal and financial documents as top-2secret information.A. identityB. databaseC. conferenceD. resident答案：A解析：考查名词。句意：保护自己不被盗用身份就是把你所有的个人和财务文件当作绝密信息来对待。A. identity n. 身份；B. database n.数据库，资料库；C.conference n.专题讨论会；D. resident n.居民。根据句子结构和意思 可知，这里考查名词做定语，表示身份的意思，修饰后面的名词theft。应选A。8、Would you send me some of yours? I miss you very much!A. magazinesB. photosC. phonesD. works答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:你能寄给我一些你的照片吗？我非常想念你！ A. magazines杂志；B. photos照片； C phones ;D. works作品。由后文“I miss you very much!”可知,因为非常想念,所以此处表示寄一些照 片给我。应选B。9、 The little girl was the only in the strong earthquake. I think her was a real wonder.A. survive; survivals, survive; survivorC. survival; survivorD. survivor; survival答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个小女孩是强烈地震中唯一的幸存者。我觉得她能活下来真是个奇迹。A.survive 幸存，survival 幸存；B.survive 幸存，survivor 幸存者；C.survival 幸存，survivor 幸存者；D.survivor 幸存者， survival幸存。根据句意可知，女孩是唯一的幸存者，第一空是幸存者survivor；第二空处意为她的幸存， 第二空是名词”幸存survival。应选D。10、The media are filled with about what roles women should play in society.A. crisisB. conventionC. stereotypesD. substances答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：媒体充满着关于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色的刻板印象。A. crisis危机；B.convention 习俗；C. stereotypes 亥U板E1 象；D. substances 物质。 由 what roles women should play in society 可知， 媒体对于女性应该在社会中扮演什么角色，总有一个刻板印象。应选c项。11、A short from Cusco takes you from Andes into the Amazon rainforest.A. fightB. flightC. frightD. failure答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：从库斯科乘坐短途飞机把你从安第斯山脉带进亚马逊雨林。A. fight打架；B. flight 飞行；C. fright 惊吓；D. failure 失败。根据"takes you from Andes into the Amazon rainforest”可知，此处表示乘 坐飞机。应选B项。12、Our school is a beautiful campus.划线局部为 短语A.名词B.动词C.形容词D.副词答案：A解析：考查短语类型。句意：我们学校是一个美丽的校园。划线局部a beautiful campus是不定冠词a （一个）和形 容词beautiful （美丽的）作定语修饰名词campus （校园）,所以划线局部是名词短语在句中作表语。应选A。13、请选出与单词resource匹配的释义。A.材料B.解释C.资源D.知识答案：c解析：考查词汇意思。resource意思是资源，应选C。14> Mr. Moses was once the head of World Architectural Association(WAA), yet he is now nothing more than aA. retired anthropologistB. retiring anthropologyC. retired architectD. retiring architecture答案：c解析：考查形容词和名词词义辨析。句意：摩西先生曾是世界建筑协会(WAA)的主席，但他现在只不过是一个退休的 建筑师。表示"退休的"应用过去分词转换的形容词retired； architect''建筑师，architecture"建筑，根据上文 the head of World Architectural Association 可知，此处是指一个建筑师，应用 architect 表达,retired architect”退休建筑师。应选C。15、Sandra Oh, actress of “Killing Eve", has the of being the first Asian woman to pocket a Golden GlobeAward.A. distinctionB. discriminationC. descriptionD. determination答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：杀死伊芙女演员吴珊卓(Sandra Oh)是首位获得金球奖的亚洲女性。A.distinction 荣誉，勋章；B. discrimination 区另“，歧视；C. description 描述，描写；D. determination 决心，果断。这是一个Award (奖项)，她成为首位获得此奖的亚洲女性，显而易见是一种荣誉，仅有A契合语境，应选Ao16、Tom always turns to his father for help and he has absolute in his father.A. campaignB. cautionC. confidenceD. collection答案：c解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:汤姆总是向他的父亲寻求帮助，他对他的父亲有绝对的信心。A. campaign运动；caution 谨慎；C. confidence 自信；D. collection 收藏品。根据上文“Tom always turns to his father for help"可 知，汤姆对他的父亲有绝对的信心，have confidence in sb,表示“对某人有信心。应选C。B. > With top class home theatre, you can watch the latest movies in the of your own home.A. expectationB. limitationC. appointmentD. comfort答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：拥有一流的家庭影院，您可以在舒适的家中观看最新的电影。A. expectation期待;limitation 限制；C. appointment 预约；D. comfort 舒适。根据"With top class home theatre可知，可以在舒 适的家中观看最新的电影。应选D项。18、 It is a great for me to work as a volunteer for the 2022 Winter Olympic.A. signalB. functionC. honorD. agreement答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意:作为2022年冬奥会的志愿者，我感到非常荣幸。A. signal信号；B. function功能;C honor 荣幸;D. agreement 同意。根据“work as a volunteer for the 2022 Winter Olympic.”可知，能够成为 2022 年冬奥会的志愿者感到荣幸。应选C。19、Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, and acceptance.A. rejections. equationC. impressionD. companionship答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过和一些对我们很重要的人进行交往，我们获得了平安感、爱情、友谊和认可。A.rejection 拒绝；B.equation 等同；C.impression 象；D panionship 友谊、 情谊。 根据"a sense of security, love, and acceptance 可知，我们获得了平安感、爱情、友谊和认可。应选D项。20、 It is clear that in modern society high and demands are placed on students.A. motivationsB- expectationsC. opportunitiesD. achievements答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：很明显，现代社会对学生有很高的期望和要求。A.motivations动机；B .expectations 期望；C. opportunities 机会；D . achievements 成就。根据"demands”可知，现代社会对学生有 很高的期望和要求。应选B项。21> Here is a memo for your when you answer the phones.A. consultantB. recommendationC. recognitionD. reference答案：D解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一份备忘录，您接 时可以参考。A. consultant顾问；B. recommendation 推荐；C. recognition识别；D. reference参考。根据上文“Here is a memo for your指将备忘录作为接 的参 考，应用reference。应选D。22、 What's the matter? He's been walking around with.He failed the examination.A. a longfaceB. a wide faceC. a straight faceD. a good face答案：A解析：考查名词短语辨析。句意：一有什么事吗?他一直愁眉苦脸地走来走去。一他考试不及格。A.alongface板着 脸,愁眉苦脸；B. a wide face一张宽的脸；C.a straight face没有表情的脸，一本正经的脸；D. a good face好 的相貌。由语意可知，他考试不及格导致他愁眉苦脸。应选A项。23、 I want to know the sporting that catch the people/s attention in China.A. accidentsB. eventsC. incidentsD. occa