2022届上海市嘉定区高考二模英语试题 附解析.docx

2021学年第二学期高三年级模拟练习英语试卷（总分值140分考试时间120分钟）L Listening ComprehensionSection A （10 分）Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. 8:00.B. 10:00.C. 12:00.D. 14:00.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W: It's 10 o'clock now. Lefs send out for something to eat.M: But the project is due in two hoursQ: When should the project be finished?2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A. A receptionist.B. A cleaner.C. An electrician.D. A cashier.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: Hello, I have a reservation for a single with a bath.W: We're sorry, but the single rooms are all occupied.Q: What is probably the woman?3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Q: What can be learned about the restaurant?A. It has earned five stars.B. It is decorated with stars.C. It is not very popular.D. It is recommended in the newspaper.Chemical Pollution Has Passed Safe Global LimitChemical pollution threatens Earth's systems by damaging the biological and physical processes that support all life. For example, pesticides （杀虫齐Ll） wipe out many non-target insects, which are 31 to all ecosystems and, therefore, to the supply of clean air, water and food.“There has been an increase 50 times in the 32 of chemicals since 1950 and this is projected to become three times as much again by 2050,“ said Patricia, who was part of the study team. uThe 33 that societies are producing and releasing new chemicals into the environment is not in agreement with staying within a safe operating space for humanity.”Determining whether chemical pollution has crossed a planetary border is complex because there is no prehuman 34, unlike with the climate crisis and the pre-industrial level of CO2 in the atmosphere. There are ahuge number of chemical compounds 35 for use一about 350,000-and only a tiny proportion of these have been assessed for safety.So the research used a combination of measurements to 36 the situation. These included the rate of production of chemicals, which is rising rapidly, and their release into the environment, which is happening much faster than the ability of authorities to track the effects.The well-known negative effects of some chemicals were also part of the assessment. The scientists37 that the data was limited in many areas, but said the weight of evidence pointed to a break of the planetary boundary. "There's evidence that things are 38 in the wrong direction every step of the way,“ said Prof Bethanie Carney Almroth, who was part of the team. "For example, the total mass of plastics now is greater than the total mass of all living mammals （哺孚L动物）.That to me is a pretty clear indication that we've crossed a border. We're in trouble, but there are things we can do to 39 some of this.”Patricia said that 40 to a circular economy was really important and that meant changing materials and products so they can be reused/9【答案】31.H32. G 33. A 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. K 38.139. E 40. F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是化学污染已超过全球平安限度的事实。解决该问题应该转向循环经 济。【31题详解】考查形容词。句意：例如，杀虫剂消灭了许多非目标昆虫，这些昆虫是所有生态系统的基础，因此是清洁 空气、水和食物供应的基础。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。根据空后的t。the supply of clean air, water and food可知，这些昆虫是所有生态系统的基础。fundamental为形容词，意为“基 础的”，符合句意。应选H o【32题详解】考查名词。句意：自1950年以来，化学品的产量增加了 50倍，预计到2050年，这一数字将再增加三倍。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据空前的increase 50 times,表示的是产量增加。production为名词，意为“产量”，符合句意，应选G。【33题详解】考查名词。句意：各个社会生产和向环境释放新化学品的速度不符合人类在一个平安操作空间内的要求。 根据句子结构，设空处应该填写名词做主语。句中的that引导的是同位语从句，对设空处的“速度”进行 解释。pace是名词，意为“速度，步伐”，符合题意。应选A。【34题详解】考查名词。句意：确定化学污染是否跨越了地球的边界是很复杂的，因为与气候危机和工业化前大气中的 二氧化碳水平不同，在人类出现之前是没有相应的衡量基准的。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写名词做表 语。根据前文的a planetary border以及后文的the pre-industrial level可知，此处应该并列的是“底线，准 那么”。baseline为名词，意为“底线”，符合题意。应选D。【35题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：登记使用的化合物数量庞大，约有35万种，其中只有很小一局部经过了平安评 估。句中的are为谓语动词，设空处应该使用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。register为动词，意为“登记，注册”，其过去分词为registered,应选B。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，该研究使用了多种测量方法来评估情况。根据句子结构可知，设空处与t。 构成to do不定式作目的状语。assess为动词，意为“评估”，符合句意。应选C。【37题详解】考查动词。句意：科学家们成认，在许多领域的数据是有限的，但他们表示，证据的重要性指向了地球边 界的突破。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写动词作谓语。同时句子描述的是过去的事实，故应该使用 一般过去时。acknowledge为动词，意为“成认,熟知”，其过去式acknowledged,符合句意。应选K。【38题详解】考查现在进行时。句意：这里有证据说明，每一步都在朝着错误的方向开展。根据句子结构可知，设空处 与are构成现在进行时，表示动作正在发生或持续的状态。point为动词，意为“指向”，现在分词为 pointing o符合句意。应选I。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们陷入了困境，但我们可以做一些事情来扭转一些局面。根据句子结构，设空 处应该填写动词与空前的t。构成to do不定式作目的状语，根据居中的but可知前后的内容是转折的即我 们可以做一些事情来扭转当前的局面。reverse为动词，意为“转变，扭转”，符合句意。应选E。【40题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：转向循环经济非常重要，这意味着改变材料和产品，以便它们可以被重复利 用。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写动名词做主语。根据空后的changing materials and products可 知，设空处应该表达的是“转向循环经济”，才能解决该问题。shift为动词，意为“转变，改变”，其动 名词为shifting,符合句意，应选F。III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15 分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Fear of public speaking is the single most common phobia （恐，怖症）.Nearly 75% of people admit to41 this, so you aren't alone in your fear. It can range from slight 42 to a nearly paralyzing （瘫痪 ，性的）fear and panic. For many people, this fear is so great that they avoid public speaking situations altogether. However, what if you can't avoid it? What if your job requires you to speak in front of others from time to time?43 , what if you are trying to earn a promotion? You certainly don't want to be 44 due to aninability to speak in public. Here are a few things you can do to manage and reduce your public speaking anxiety.Practice Relaxation TechniquesWhen you are facing an uncomfortable situation, your body automatically experiences increased 45 activity such as a fast heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and tension in your muscles. You can relax your body and reduce these 46 with a variety of techniques. Deep breathing can help you calm your body. You should practice relaxation techniques prior to any public speaking.47 PrepareThe better you know your topic, the less likely you will make a mistake. Oftentimes, the anxiety associated with public speaking comes from fear of 48. Thafs why it is so important to spend plenty of timepreparing yourself. 49 yourself as much as possible with the topic so you have a thorough understanding of what you are presenting. Then, practice your speech several times so you are comfortable with the entire50 . You should practice in front of people and ask for 51, Not only will this help you becomemore confident speaking in front of others, but the feedback can help you improve your speaking skills so you become even more confident.52 Your Worries and How You Can Conquer ThemWhen you're afraid of something, you may overestimate how often bad things will happen. A good exercise is to write down your 53 worries. For example, forgetting your material, losing your place, technical difficulties, a question you can't answer, a bored audience. Once you have written down each worry, note down a(n) 54 solution for each one. Knowing you have a 55 in place should things go wrong will helpyou feel more secure about your presentation.41. A. causingB.experiencingC.dominatingD.spreading42. A. distressB.forgetfulnessC.injuryD.nervousness43. A. FurthermoreB.ThereforeC.NeverthelessD.Meanwhile44. A. rebelledB.insultedC.dismissedD.overlooked45. A. physiologicalB.beneficialC.incredibleD.physical46. A. risksB.pressuresC.symptomsD.accidents47. A. SpeciallyB.AdequatelyC.GraduallyD.Secretly48. A. showing offB.running outC.messing upD.slowing down49. A. FamiliarizeB.EquipC.ContentD.Examine50. A. preparationB.operationC.occasionD.presentation51. A. successB.encouragementC.feedbackD.trust52. A. ForgetB.ExpressC.ShareD.Identify53. A. healthB.considerableC.specificD.unnecessary54. A. easyB.probableC.fairD.technical55. A. planB.questionC.lessonD.topic【答案】41. B 42. D43. A 44. D45. A46. C 47. B48. C49. A 50. D 51.C 52. D 53. C54. B 55. A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。很多人在公开场合演讲会有害怕的感觉，害怕程度因人而异，文章介绍了三 个有助于管理和减少公众演讲焦虑的方法。41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：近75%的人成认自己有过这样的经历，所以你并不孤单。A. causing导致；B.experiencing 经历； C. dominating 支配； D. spreading 传播。 根据上文 “Fear of public speaking is the single most common phobia （恐怖症）.（害怕公开演讲是最常见的恐惧症）”，以及后一句"It can range from slight _ 2 to a nearly paralyzing （瘫痪性的）fear and panic.（它可以是轻微的紧张，也可以是近乎瘫痪的恐惧和恐慌。）”可知，在公开场合演讲会有害怕的感觉，75%的人经历过，但各自的害怕程度不一。experiencing 符合语境。应选B项。42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它可以是轻微的紧张，也可以是近乎瘫痪的恐惧和恐慌。'distress忧虑；B. forgetfulness 健忘；C. injury 受伤；D. nervousness 紧张。根据上文 “Nearly 75% of people admit to this, so you aren't alone in your fear.（近75%的人成认自己有过这样的经历，所以你并不孤单。）”可知，很 多人会对在公开场合演讲这事感觉害怕，每个人的害怕程度因人而异，有的人只是有一点点紧张的，有的 那么紧张得无法动弹；nervousness符合语境。应选D项。【43题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，如果你想获得晋升呢？ A. Furthermore此外，而且；B.Therefore因此;C. Nevertheless 然而；D. Meanwhile 同时。根据上文 “However, what if you can't avoid it? What if your job requires you to speak in front of others from time to time?（然而，如果你无法防止呢？如果你的工作需要你时 不时地在别人面前讲话，你该怎么办？）”可知，你的工作需要你得时不时在公开场合演讲，furthermore, 用于支持或扩展之前的陈述，要想在工作中得到晋升，就得不怕在公开场合演讲。furthermore符合语境。 应选A项。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：你当然不想因为没有在公共场合发言的能力而被忽视。A. rebelled反叛；B. insulted 侮辱；C. dismissed 驳回；D. overlooked 忽视，忽略。根据上文 “For many people, this fear is so great that they avoid public speaking situations altogether.（对许多人来说，这种恐惧是如此之大，以至于他们 完全防止公开演讲。）”可知，很多人因为害怕，从不在公开场合演讲，这样的人没有存在感，容易被 “忽视（overlooked） ”。应选 D 项。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你面对不舒服的突发情况时，你的身体会无意识地体验到增加的生理活 动，如心跳加快、呼吸困难和肌肉紧张。A. physiological生理的;B.beneficial有益的；C. incredible令人 难以置信的；D. physical 身体的。根据句中的 “ such as a fast heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and tension in your muscles”可知，心跳加速，呼吸困难，肌肉紧张都属于因为突发事件导致的人体的“生理 （physiological） ”变化。应选 A 项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你可以通过各种方法放松身体，减轻这些病症。A. risks风险；B.pressures压 力；C. symptoms 病症；D. accidents 事故。根据上文 “When you are facing an uncomfortable situation, your body automatically experiences increased 5 activity such as a fast heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and tension in your muscles.（当你面对不舒服的突发情况时，你的身体会无意识地体验到增加了的生理活 动，如心跳加快、呼吸困难和肌肉紧张。）”可知，练习放松技巧可以使“a fast heartbeat, difficulty breathing, and tension in your muscles这些“病症（symptoms） ” 减轻。应选 C 项。【47题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：准备充分。A. Specially特别地；B. Adequately充分地；C.Gradually逐渐地；D. Secretly 秘密地。此题考查小标题。根据下文 “The better you know your topic, the less likely you will make a mistake. Oftentimes, the anxiety associated with public speaking comes from fear of 8. That'swhy it is so important to spend plenty of time preparing yourself.” 可知，要想成功演讲，要在演讲前多花时 间，多多了解演讲主题，做“足（Adequately） ”准备工作。应选B项。48题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：通常，与在公共场合演讲相关的焦虑来自于害怕搞砸。A. showing off炫耀；B. running out用完,耗尽；C.messing up陷入困境,搞砸;D.slowing down减速。根据前一句"The better you know your topic, the less likely you will make a mistake.（你对你的主题越了解，你犯错误的可能性就越 小。）”，害怕犯错,即害怕把演讲“搞砸（messing up） ”了,会导致焦虑。应选C项。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:尽可能让自己熟悉主题，这样你就能透彻理解你要展示的内容。A. Familiarize 使熟悉;B. Equip 装备；C. Content 使满意；D. Examine 检查。根据后半句 "so you have a thorough understanding of what you are presenting.可知，透彻理解演讲内容是建立在熟悉演讲主题的基础上的。 Familiarize符合语境。应选A项。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，把你的演讲练习几次，这样你就会对整个演讲展示感到舒服。A.pr叩aration准备；B. operation操作；C. occasion场合；D. presentation展示。此处指正式演讲前，你得熟悉 一下演讲内容和流程，即对“整个展示（presentation） ”做到心中有数。应选D项。.51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:你应该在人们面前练习并寻求反应。A. success成功；B. encouragement鼓励； C. feedback 反应；D. trust 信任。根据下文 “Not only will this help you become more confident speaking in front of others, but the feedback can help you improve your speaking skills so you become even more confident. （这不仅会让你在别人面前更自信，而且反应也可以帮助你提高你 演讲技巧，让你变得更自信。）”，此 句中的feedback为复现词，通过在别人面前试着演讲，并得以反应。应选C项。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：确定你的担忧以及如何克服它们。A. Forget忘记；B. Express表达；C.Share分 享；D.Identify确认,发现。此处考查小标题。根据下文“Once you have written down each worry, notedown a（n）14 solution for each one.（一旦你写下了每一个担忧，为每一个问题写下一个可能的解决方案。）”可知,写下担忧的事，即“确认（Identify）”令你担忧的事，应选D项。【53题详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：一个很好的练习就是写下你的具体担忧。A. health健康；B.considerable 相当大的；C. specific 具体的；D. unnecessary 不必要的。根据下文 “For example, forgetting your material, losing your place, technical difficulties, a question you can't answer, a bored audience.（例如， 忘记 你的材料，失去你的位置，技术困难，一个你无法回答的问题，一个无聊的观众。）”可知，这些都是“具 体的（specific） ”担忧。应选C项。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦你写下了每一个担忧，为每一个问题写下一个可能的解决方案。A. easy 容易的；B. probable可能的；C.fair公平的；D. technical技术的。写下的每个在演讲中担忧会遇到的具体 的问题，要想见招拆招，得预先拟定相应的解决措施，但也只是“可能”的解决措施，因为前文"When you5re afraid of something, you may overestimate how often bad things will happen.（当你害怕某事时， 你可能 会高估坏事发生的频率。）”，可能这些事都不会发生。应选B项。【55题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道自己已经有了一个计划，以防出错，这会让你对自己的演讲更有把握的。A. plan 计划；B. question 问题；C. lesson 教训；D. topic 话题。根据上文 “Once you have written down each worry, note down a（n） 14 solution for each one.（一旦你写下了每一个担忧，为每一个问题写下 一个可能的解决方案。）”可知，万一在演讲中出了岔子，每一个担忧的事，都有应对措施，即有解决这些 担忧的“计划”。应选A项。Section B （22 分）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Otters, are cute, this no one can deny. They have big eyes, short and flat noses and claws "R子）like tiny hands. They look even cuter when they wear hats and throw food balls into their mouths as if they were bar snacks, like Takechiyo, a pet otter in Japan. Documenting Takechiyo's funny behavior has earned his owner nearly 230,000 followers on Instagram, a photo-sharing app.Takechiyo's fame reflects a craze across east and South-East Asia for keeping the cute creatures as pets.Enthusiasts in Japan visit cafes where they pay to hug them; Indonesian owners parade their pets around on leads or go swimming with them, then share their pictures online. But these enjoyable photos mask a trade that is doing a lot of damage. Even before they became fashionable companions for humans, Asia's wild otters faced plenty of threats. Their habitats are disappearing. They have long been hunted for their coats, or killed by farmers who wish to prevent them consuming fishes. The pet trade, which began picking up in the early 2000s but appeared to speed up a few years ago, has made things worse. The numbers of wild Asian small-clawed otters and smooth-coated otters, two species that are in highest demand, have declined by at least 30% in the three decades to 2019.The international agreement that governs trade in wildlife, known as CITES, now prohibits cross-border trade in these species. But laws banning ownership are often poorly implemented, as in Thailand, or full of holes, as in Indonesia. And the otter-keeping craze has been dramatically improved by the internet, says Vincent Nijman of Oxford Brookes University. In 2017 TRAFFIC, a British chari