2021-2022学年上学期初中英语外研新版八年级期中必刷常考题之介词.docx
2021-2022学年上学期初中英语外研新版八年级期中必刷常考题之介词一.选择题(共20小题)(2020 秋新邱区期中), the soldier killed all the enemies.()A. In factB. In the endC. In dangerD. In all(2020 秋市中区期中)They stayed in Hangzhou visit the West Lake.()A so thatB . in order thatC. in order to(2020 秋河东区期中)Please turn the radio up a bit I can hear clearly.()A. in order toB. so thatC. such asD. because(2020 秋瑶海区期中)My father promised me that we would have a picnic this month.( )A. in the endB. in the end ofC at the end ofD. at the end(2019 秋老边区期中)At first, I didn't understand the words.But I knew with the helpof Peter.()A. in a hurryB. first of allC. in the endD. from now on(2020 秋市中区期中)- What did you do last Sunday?-We went for a picnic Danny, because he was ill. ()A besidesB . exceptC. except for(2020 秋辛可东区期中)We all went to watch that football match Tim. He didn't feelwell and stayed at home.()A. toB. withC. exceptD. against(2020 秋和平区校级期中)We are all here Alice.She is traveling with her parents inBeijing now.()A. withB. besidesC. exceptD. for(2019 秋老边区期中)He decided not to tell his plan to any of his friends Paul.()【点评】此题考查介词的用法,在熟知所供词的含义基础上,根据句意,从而判断出正 确答案.19. (2019 秋老边区期中)Please don't stand- the wall. We have to clean it now.()A. withB. amongC. againstD. on【考点】常用介词的辨析.【分析】不要紧靠着墙站着,现在我们必须要清理它.【解答】with”拥有、和起”;among”在之中”;against”紧靠”;on ”在之上、在时候”,四者都是介词.由题干”不要紧靠着墙站着,现在我们必须要清理它.”可知,空 格是“紧靠”,用against,因此答案应是against.应选:C.【点评】此题考查介词的用法,在熟知所供词的含义基础上,根据句意,从而判断出正 确答案.20 . ( 2019 秋老边区期中)all the students in his class , Li Hua writes .()A. Of; the most carefullyB. In; the most carefullyC. Of; very carefullyD. In; much more carefully【考点】常用介词的辨析;副词的比拟级和最高级.【分析】在他班上所有的学生中,李华写得最仔细.【解答】of”的'由组成的";in”在之内”,二者都是介词.very carefully”非常仔细 地”是副词原级,the most carefully ”最仔细地”是副词的最高级.much more carefully ”仔 细地多”.由题干”在他班上所有的学生中,李华写得最仔细.“可知,第一个空格是”的 %用Of;第二个空格是“最仔细地”,用the most carefully.因此答案应是Of; the most carefully.应选:A.【点评】此题考查介词的用法,在熟知所供词的含义基础上,根据句意,从而判断出正 确答案.考点卡片1 .范围介词【范围介词】表示范围的介词in, to, on:in表示在某地范围之内.例:Shanghai is/lies in the east of China.上海在中国的东部.to表示在某地范围之外.例:Japan is/lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面.on表不与某地相邻或接壤.例如:Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.蒙古国位于中国北边.2 .其他介词如:instead of 代替with 和like 像except 除了over超过about关于without 没有besides除了之外还有3 .常用介词的辨析【常用介词的辨析】一、表示计量的介词:at, for, by1 . at表示”以速度”以价格”.如:It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour.它以每小时 900 公里的速度飞行.2 .for表示”用交换,以为代价二如:He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把车卖了.二、表示材料的介词:of, from, inof成品仍可看出原料.如:This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的.1. from成品已看不出原料.如:Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的.1.1 n表示用某种材料或语言.如:Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格.三、表示关于的介词:of, about, on. of仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事.如:He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片.1 .about指“关于“某人或某事物的较详细的情况.如:Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告诉我一些关于你自己的事情吗?2. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事.如:It's a textbook on the history of china.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书.四、表示好像或当作的介词:like, as1.like表示“像样”,其实不是.如:Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪.2.as表示”作为,以身份 其实也是.如:He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话.五、表示支持或反对的介词:against, foragainst反对,for支持,互为反义词.如:Are you for my idea or against it?你赞同还是反对我的想法?六、表示除某人某物外的介词:besides, exceptbesides是包括后面所提人或物在内的”除外,还”.如:Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外,还有30个学生去看了电影.(他和另外30人都去了)He is interested in tennis besides football.除了足球,他还对网球感兴趣.1. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”.如:Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动.(他们激动,而我却不激动)with的复合结构with的复合结构】With复合结构,在句中表状态或说明背景情况,常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语.1 ."with+名词/代词+介词短语”.The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm.那人在街上走着,腋下夹着一本书.2 .”w汕+名词/代词+形容词”.With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one ifll rain presently.天气这么闷热,十之八九要下雨.3 ."with+名词/代词+副词”.The square looks more beautiful than even with all the light on.所有的灯亮起来,广场看起来更美.4 ."with+名词/代词+名词”.He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.他走了,妻子十分伤心.5 .副词的比拟级和最高级【概念】.副词:副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态、特征的词,是用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句,说 明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念.1 .比拟级和最高级:绝大多数副词有三种形式,原级,比拟级和最高级,用来说明事物的等级差异,说明事物性 质在程度上的不同.2 .概念点拨:副词的原级:副词的原级形式就是词典中出现的副词的原形.例如:quickly, very, quite, carefully 等.副词的比拟级和最高级:副词的比拟级和最高级形式是在副词的原级形式的基础上变化 的.分为规那么变化和不规那么变化.【副词比拟级和最高级的变化】.副词比拟级和最高级的规那么变化:单音节词一般在词尾加-er和-est构成比拟级和最高级.fast (原级)faster (比拟级)fastest (最高级) hard (原级)harder (比拟级)hardest (最高级)以字母e结尾的单音节词在其后面直接加-r/ -st.late (原级)later (比拟级)latest (最高级)以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,先把y改为i,再加-er/-est.early (原级)earlier (比拟级)earliest (最高级)多音节词以及局部双音节词在原级前面加more和most构成比拟级和最高级. beautifully (原级)more beautifully (比拟级级)most beautifully (最高级) carefully (原级)more carefully (比拟级级)most carefully (最高级)1 .副词的比拟级和最高级的常用不规那么变化:原级比拟级最同级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstmuchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther (further)farthest (furthest)温馨提示:副词前如加less和lest那么表示“较不“和“最不”.less quickly较不迅速.lest quickly最不迅速.【用法】1.比拟级的用法:(1)副词的比拟级用于两个人或事物的比拟,其结构形式如下:主语+谓语+副词比拟级+than+比照成分.也就是,含有副词比拟级的主句+than+从句.注意从句常常省去意义上和主句相同的局部, 而只剩下比照的成分.例:-I think that Jane writes than Mike.-So she does.A. carefulB. more carefully C. more careful分析:-我认为简比迈克写得认真.-她确实是. 解答:B.考查副词比拟级.句意“我认为简比迈克写得认真.-她确实是.“than意为” 比”,是比拟级的标志,在句子中修饰动词时应该用副词,句中"writes“意为“写”是实意动词, 应选B.点评:考查副词的比拟级,谓语动词是实义动词,且than与比拟级连用,故空中必须用副 词的比拟级.(2)比拟级前面可以用many, much, far, a little, a bit, a lot等词修饰表示程度.例: You are speaking too fast. Can you speak a little?A. more slowly B. most slowlyC. more loudly分析:你说得太快了,你能说慢一点儿吗?解答:A.考查副词的比拟等级.句意“你说得太快了,你能说 吗? ”根据句意推理空中信息应为“更慢一些”,用比拟级,应选A.点评:考查副词的比拟等级,语境中蕴含了前后动作的比拟.(3)比拟级的前面可以用any和no来修饰.We were too tired to walk any.A. farther B. farC. farer分析:我们太累了不能往前走了.解答:A.考查副词的比拟等级.句意”我们太累了不能.”根据句意推理空中信息应为“更远”,any修饰比拟级,强调程度,应选A.点评:考查副词的比拟等级,any修饰形容词或副词要用比拟级,空中信息应该用比拟级. (4)两个副词的比拟级可以叠加表示“越来越”的意思.其结构可以是:比拟级+and+比拟级,而多音节词可以用more and more+比拟级结构.彳列: My brother studies and his grades will be better and better.A. more carefully B. more and more carefully C. more carefully and more carefully 分析:我弟弟学习越来越认真,他的成绩将会越来越好.解答:B.考查副词的比拟级.句意”我弟弟学习越来越认真,他的成绩将会越来越好.”根 据句中"studies”和”and”可知空中信息应为副词的比拟级,因carefully 口寸多音 节词,故可以用more and more+比拟级结构,应选B.点评:考查副词的比拟级动词时态,空中内容表示“越来越",故用more and more+比拟级 结构.(5)如果表示"越,就越”可以用"the+比拟级,the+比拟级”的结构.The harder you works, the more you will get.你越努力学习,你得到的就越多.(6)当比拟的双方属于同一范围内时候,用other或者else排除自己.Susan sings better than any other girl in her class.苏三比她班上其他任何一个女孩唱得好.(7)如果比拟的双方不属于同一范围内时候,那么不存在和自己比拟的情况,所以可以不用 other 或者 else.Susan sings better than any girl in Tom's class.苏三比汤姆班上任何一个女孩唱得好.2.最高级的用法:形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比拟,其结构形式为:(1) Which (Who)动词 + (the) + 最高级?意指三个以上的事物或人当中”哪一个(人)最为呢?”Who works (the) hardest Bill, Till or Hill? Bill, Till 和 Hill 谁工作最努力?(2)主语+动词+ (the) +副词最高级+of (in)表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比拟,其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用最高 级.其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个时,用最高级.最高级前面一般要加定冠词the, 后面可带of (in)短语来说明比拟的范围.Tom finished the work (the) most carefully of us all.在我们所有人当中汤姆完成这项工作最认真.My brother always arrives at his school earliest in his class.在他的班里,我弟弟总是到校最早地.(3)最高级的表示方法:可以用原级、比拟级、最高级三种方式来表达最高级,总结如下:她在她们班里跳舞跳得最好.最高级:She dances (the) best in her class.比拟级:She dances better than any other student do in her class.原级: No other student in her class dances as well as she.【易混淆点】(2) of和in的区别”of+复数”表示"在之中的“;“在中”:of the four在四个之中;of all (people)在所有的人之中;of all the boys在所有的男孩中;of us在我们之中;of all things在所有的事情当中."in+范围、场所”译为“在之中";”在之内”:in the house 在家中;in China在中国;in the world在世界上;in our school在我们学校;in my family 在我彳门家.(3) which和what在一定数目的范围内做选择时用which,从不定数中做选择时用what.Which do you speak (the) most freely English, Chinese or German?英语,汉语,德语你哪 门说的最流利?(在一定数目的范围内做选择)What do like (the) most among Chinese food?在中国食物中,你最喜欢什么?(从不定数 中做选择)【解题方法点拨】如果题干有明显的标志词,可以根据标志词状语确定词性和级别.没有明显的标志词,那么根据语境判断词性和级别.掌握原级、比拟级和最高级的用法联系.例如比拟级形式表最高级含义.【中考命题方向】副词是中考必考的知识点,重点考查副词易混辨析、副词比拟级和最高级的用法.归纳易混 的副词区别,掌握副词比拟级和最高级的构成,副词原级、比拟级和最高级的用法,明确副 词的修饰原那么以及在句中的位置,寻找有效切入点,准确排除错误选项.6.动词词义辨析【概念】动词:动词是用来表示动作或状态的词.在句子中做谓语,说明主语“是什么“、“做什么”或 “怎么样”的词.通过动词的变化,可以知道动作发生的时间、说话人的语气、态度.【考查内容】词形相近的动词间的辨析.如 remind/remember; rise/raise; hang/hung*-彳列 1: Sorry, I've forgotten your name. Can you me?Pm Daniel.()A. remindB. receive C. respect D. remember 分析:对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗?我是 Daniel.解答:答案:A.remind 提醒;receive 收到;respect 尊重;remember 记得.根据 Sorry, I've forgotten your name. Can you me? Pm Daniel.可知,句意是"对不起,我忘了你的名字,你能提醒我一下吗? ”根据下面的回答rm Daniel.可推测句意是“提醒一下”.应选A.点评:此题考查动词词义辨析.解答时注意根据句意以及所给选项的意思作答.词义相近的动词间的辨析.如 took/cost/paid/spent; borrow/lend; speak/say/talk.例 2: Wow, your sweater is very beautiful!Thank you. I bought it two days ago. It me $ 50.()A. took B. cost C. paid D. spent.分析:哇,你的毛衣很漂亮!谢谢.我两天前买的.它花费了我5。美元.解答:答案:B.It takes sb some time to do sth.花费某人多长时间做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+ (in) doing sth表示某人花费时间/金钱做某事.人+spend+时间/金钱+on+名词,表示某人在某物上花费 时间/金钱.sth costs sb+金钱,表示某物花了某人多少钱.人+pay+钱+for,表示为某物付钱.根 据题干I bought it two days ago. It me $ 50可知这是某物花了某人多少钱,即sth costs sb+金钱,应选B.点评:了解每个选项的含义是做好词类题型的关键,还要从句意桌搜,根据句意作答,所以 平时的学习中要多积累词汇,才能很好的完成.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词的辨析.如End/find out; take/leave; explain/say*例 3: Can you a message? Yes. Please ask Tom to ring me back.()A. give B. take C. leave.分析:你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回 .解答:答案:B.句意”你能帮我带个口信吗?可以.请让汤姆给我回 .“give给,take带,leave离开.take a message带个口信,固定搭配,应选B.点评:动词是表示动作或者状态的词,要结合语境,注意时态、人称等的变化,掌握常用的固定搭配.【解题方法点拨】分析词义,根据上下句意思进行选择.根据常用动词的用法进行筛选.根据动词的固定短语用法,进行筛选.分析句子时态,选择动词的正确形式作答.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查动词的词义辨析、意义相近但容易混淆的动词、常用动词的习惯用法、 常用动词短语.这些是考查的重点.7.介词短语【概念】介词短语:指由介词+介词、介词+名词、介词+分词、介词+动词、介词+形容词、介词+副词等构成的 短语.常用 的有:according to, along with, in front of, by means of, in spite of, together with, with regard to 等.概念点拨:介词短语是由介词加宾语构成,本身可作句子成分,如定语或状语等,可单独使用;介词与 其他词类或成分结合后方能在句子中充当语法成分,构成介词短语.【用法】介词短语可以作定语(须后置)、状语、表语、宾语补足语、另一个介词的宾语,间或作主 语等.例如:作定语The skyscraper in the distance is a five - star hotel.(定语)The old thing are all three years old.()A. on show, hundredB for showing, hundreds ofC. on show, hundreds分析:这些展出的古老的东西都三百年了.解答:on show展出,介词短语做后置定语,三百年three hundred years, hundreds of意思是A. toA. toB - withC. exceptD. without(2020 秋苍南县期中)I love everything the hotel. The room was not only expensive but also dirty.()A. withB. atC. exceptD. in(2019 中山市模拟)-What about going to the movie tonight, Alan?-Sorry, I am busy a report. , it is raining cats and dogs.()A. in, BesidesB. with, BesidesC. in, ExceptD. with, Except(2020 秋河西区期中)All the students went to the stadium Sam. He was ill.( )A. withB. outsideC. byD. except(2020 秋合肥期中)All the students had a school trip to Dashu Mountain Mary, forshe had a bad cold.()A. withB. besidesC. exceptD. after(2020 秋马山县期中)Lao She is especially famous his play Teahouse.()A. forB. asC. w汕D. of(2020 秋市中区期中)I much money the new house.()A. spent; onB. spent; forC. paid; on(2020 秋旅顺口区期中)The city is famous its beautiful beaches andmany people visit them.()A. toB. atC. ofD. for(2020 秋河东区期中)Lu Xun was famous his novels a great writer.( )A. for; forB. for; asC. as; asD. as; for(2020 秋和平区校级期中)Next week our football team will play another one.()A. againstB. forC. toD. during(2019 秋老边区期中)Please don*t stand- the wall. We have to clean it now.()A. withB. amongC. againstD. on20 .(2019 秋老 边区 期中)all the students in his class , Li Hua”数以百计的”,结合句意”这些展出的古老的东西都三百年了.”可知,答案为A.做状语Her eyes were tired from long reading.(状语)Grace often gets nervous before she gives a speech.()A. in pubicB - in totalC. in common分析:Grace在公众场合演讲前经常紧张.解答:结合语境Grace often gets nervous可以推断这句话表达的意思是"Grace在公众场合演 讲前经常紧张.所以设空处的介词短语表达的意思是”在公众场合”,应该用in public, in total”总共",in common”共有嘟不符合句意,应选A点评:英语介词的一个特点是一词多义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多, 有时很难从词义上区分开来.故学习中要注意不断总结,熟记一些介词和动词的固定搭配用 法及习惯用法,是完成此类问题的捷径.作表语The decision is of great importance to me.(表语)Most of the wild animals are because of their bad living environment.-So we must do something to save them.()A in needB on dutyat workC. in danger分析-大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处在濒危之中.-所以我们必须采取措施拯救它们.解答:首先明确选项中每个单词或短语的意思,A:需要;B:值日;C:在工作;D:处于 危险中;根据题干结合推测设空处句子的句意是“大多数野生动物由于恶劣的生存条件而处 在濒危之中.由此判断句子中缺少”处于危险中”一词,故答案为D.做宾语补足语They found the machine in a bad state.(宾语补足语)When we get on the bus, we should wait.()A. in a lineB with a linein lineC. on line分析:当我们上车的时候,我们应该排队等候.解答:根据When we get on the bus,可知当我们上车的时候,我们应该排队等候.排队等候 应该用wait in line表示.应选C.做主语On purpose or not on purpose is of great difference.(主语)the students in this primary school is about four thousand, and of them are fromXi'an.()A A number of ; the number ofThe number of; a number ofB. The number of; the number ofA number of; a number of分析这个小学的学生数大约是四千,他们当中很多人来自西安.解答:首先明确选项中涉及到的单词或短语的意思和用法,a number of意思是“许多”修饰 可数名词复数,the number of意思是”的数量”,作主语视为单数,此题中,结合语境推测 句意是"这个小学的学生数大约是四千,他们当中很多人来自西安.",故答案为B.【中考命题方向】中考英语试题常考查介词短语的用法,容易混淆的介词短语.英语介词的一个特点是一词多 义,并且介词间语义交叉现象很多,习惯用法也很多,有时很难从词义上区分开来.故学习 中要注意不断总结,熟记一些介词短语的固定搭配及习惯用法.这些是考查的重点.writes .()A. Of; the most carefullyB. In; the most carefullyC. Of; very carefullyD. In; much more carefully2021-2022学年上学期初中英语外研新版八年级期中必刷常考题之介词参考答案与试题解析一.选择题(共20小题)(2020 秋新邱区期中), the soldier killed all the enemies.()A. In factB. In the endC. In dangerD. In all【考点】介词短语.【分析】最后,士兵杀了所有的敌人。【解答】in fact事实上,intheend最后,in danger处于危险之中,inall总共,结合句意, 可知最后士兵杀了所有的敌人。应选:Bo【点评】掌握介词短语的含义,结合句意作答。2. (2020 秋市中区期中)They stayed in Hangzhou visit the West Lake.()A- so thatB. in order thatC. in order to【考点】介词短语.【分析】为了游览西湖,他们留在杭州。【解答】A. so that以便于,接句子 B. in order that为了,接句子 C. in order to 为了,接动词原形。根据visit the West Lake,可知是动词原形。应选:Co【点评】熟悉介词短语的用法,结合题意,给出答案。3. (2020 秋河东区期中)Please turn the radio up a bit I can hear clearly.()A - in order toB. so thatC. such asD. because【考点】介词短语.【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略(2020 秋瑶海区期中)My father promised me that we would have a picnic this month.( )A in the endB. in the end ofC - at the end ofD. at the end【考点】介词短语.【分析】我父亲容许我在这个月月底我们要去野餐。【解答】A最终。B指某件事情的末尾。C指时间或地点的末端,指一个点。B不可以单 独用,后面必须接of短语。在本句中,本月月底,是一个时间点,所以用at the end of. 应选:Co【点评】知道每个易混项的含义,在基本了解句意的基础上,选择横线处合适的意思。4. (2019 秋老边区期中)At first, I didn*t understand the words.But I knew with the helpof Peter.()A. in a hurryB. first of allC. in the endD. from now on【考点】介词短语.【分析】起初,我不理解那些单词。但是最后在彼得的帮助下我知道了。【解答】in a hurry急匆匆,first of all首先,intheend最后,from now on从现在起,结 合句意,起初,我不理解那些单词。但是一在彼得的帮助下我知道了。判断空格处词 义为最后。应选:Co【点评】掌握介词短语的含义,结合句意作答。5. (2020 秋市中区期中)-What did you do last Sunday?-We went for a picnic Danny, because he was ill. ()A besidesB. exceptC . except for【考点】范围介词.【分析】-上个周日你做了什么?-除了 Danny,我们去野餐了,因为他病了。【解答】besides除了之外,还有,包括besides后面的名词,except意思是除了之外, 不再有,把除外,主要用于谈论同类的东西,一般用于句中,except for 一般用于句首, 意思是意思是除了之外,不再有,把除外,根据题意,除了 Danny,我们去野餐了,因为他病了,可知只有except符合题意。应选:Bo【点评】掌握范围介词的含义和用法,根据题意选出正确答案。6. (2020 秋河东区期中)We all went to watch that football match Tim. He didn*t feelwell and stayed at home.()A. toB. withC. exc