高中英语专题练习: 语法填空—教学设计【教学参考】.docx
高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】高中英语专题练习:语法填空(附:技法解析)第一步确定填哪类词JL分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词笫二步确定填什么词第一步第二步分析句子成分分析句子成分,根据句子所缺失成分确定填何种词性确定填什么词填形容词填形容词填副词填名词;作表语(在系动词之后)、定语(修 :饰名词)或宾补(表性质状态)修饰动词、形容词、副词 或整个句子等,作状语在句中作主语、表语或宾语;括号中所给词假设是形容词或副词,有可能考作其比拟级或最高级 II;考杏具有与词根意义相反的派生词,在词根前加un、im、in.等,在词根后加.less等 I【考纲解读】高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】others were treated at a local clinic.【参考答案】were taken【答案解析】根据were treated (一般过去时的被动语态)可知 此空需用一般过去时,根据语境可知此空还需用被动语态,又因主语 为three people (复数概念),故答案为were taken。【考题调研】When I was a young boy about 8 years old, my younger sister and I got the idea to buy something for my mother for Mothers Day. Money was hard (make).【参考答案】to make【答案解析】设空处所在的句子主系表结构完整,根据句子结构 可判断设空处作状语,be+表示难、易、好、坏的形容词,后面需用 不定式的主动形式作状语,故答案为to make。考点3:词性转换题词性转化多以派生词变化为主,如:形容词与名词间的相互转化, 形容词与副词间的相互转化,形容词与动词间的相互转化,动词与名 词间的相互转化等。【解题思路】第一步分析句子成分第二步确定填什么词分析句子成分, 根据句子所缺失成分确定填何种词性括号中所给词假设是形容词或 副词,有可能考查其比拟级或最高级考查具有与词根意义相反的派 生词,在词根前加un?、im?、in?等,在词根后加?less等填形容词填高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】副词填名词作表语(在系动词之后)、定语(修饰名词)或宾补 (表性质状态)在句中作主语、表语或宾语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等,作状语【考题调研】They also shared with us many67 (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were68 (huge) popular with tourists.【参考答案】67. traditional 68. hugely【答案解析】根据句子结构分析可知67空应用形容词作stories 的定语,故填traditional;68空所填词要修饰后面的形容词popular, 故填副词hugelyo【考题调研】The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. He jumped even (hard) and finally made himself out.【参考答案】harder【答案解析】馨系前句和even (更加)可知设空处用比拟级, 故答案为hardero【考题调研】Jane knew from past experience that her (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.【参考答案】choice【答案解析】在形容词性物主代词her后,用名词或动名词形式,而空后有of短语作定语,所以填名词choice。高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】【考题调研】Despite Crabtrees professional and family success, those around her had noted her(satisfy) with not finishing school.【参考答案】dissatisfaction【答案解析】由空前的her和空后的with可分析出,此处应该 用 satisfy 的名词形式 satisfaction,而空后的 not finishing school 那么进 一步暗示,Crabtree对此并不满意,故用否认形式的名词dissatisfaction0高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】研读近年的考试大纲,基于中国高考评价体系内容可知,语 法填空题要求在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10处空白,局部空白 不给提示词,要求考生只填一个词涪B分空白的后面给出单词的基本 形式,要求考生根据上下文写出所提供单词的正确形式。探究专题技巧【命题特点】1 .题型特点语法填空题同时具有单项填空和完形填空两种题型的特点,但是 语法填空与这两种题型又有所不同。从考查的内容看,语法填空题除 侧重考查词汇外,更侧重考查功能语法,即侧重考查英语词汇在篇章 中的交际功能。从题型的形式看,语法填空题只给出空缺,没有选项, 要求学生根据语境和自身已有的语法与词汇知识来填空,这对学生的 语言知识的积累和运用有了更高的要求。2 .选材特点(1)语法填空题的材料为一篇对话或短文,以说明文、记叙文 为主要文体,偶尔也有议论文、游记等,内容涉及生活的各个方面, 为考生所熟悉。(2)通常对话的长度为180词左右,短文的长度为200词左右。3 .设题特点(1)就命题形式而言,“纯空格题”设3小题左右,”用括号内 所给词的适当形式填空题”设7小题左右。“纯空格题”考查冠词、 介词、代词、连接词及功能性结构副词等,“用括号内所给词的适当高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】形式填空题”考查名词、谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容 词和副词的比拟级、词性转化等。(2)原那么上说,一个设空点就是一个语法点,所以从理论上说, 10个设空点有可能涉及10个语法点,即使有个别的重复考点,至少 也得有78个语法点。重复设置的考点主要用于考查一些非常重要 的语法工程,如动词时态、非谓语动词、不定代词等。【解题步骤】1 .通读全文,了解大意,把握特征,弄清文脉。篇章层面的理 解主要包括文章的主旨要义,作者的观点、意图、立场,句与句之间 的关系以及时态变换四个方面。2 .巧用,降低难度,铺平道路。有提示词的空格可视为已 知条件,充分利用。所以,可先着手填有提示词的空格,注意时态、 语态和名词单复数。所剩的空格越少,文章的大意越清晰,难度也会 相对降低。3 .理解句意,分析结构,大胆推测,各个击破。理解了文章整 体意思后,必须要看清各个句子的意思,尤其是含空格的句子的意思。 分析句子结构是答题过程中很关键的一步。做题时,首先确定句子的 “主谓宾”成分,看看该句子缺不缺谓语动词,然后再考虑其他成分。 此时,要借助上下文的暗示或明示,确定需要填的单词的词性、形式 和功能。4 .重读全篇,仔细核查,语法正确,语意连贯。做完题后,应 该静下心来,仔细复读全文,检查所填的词是否符合文意。从语意连高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】贯、逻辑合理的角度认真复查答案的合理性和正确性,尤其注意动词、 连词、介词的搭配以及名词的形式等。5 .拼写准确,书写规范,大小写正确。对于接触到的题,力求 吃透每个知识点,并通过练习来进行强化和巩固。【考题调研】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的 正确形式。(2018全国甲卷)Diets have changed in China一and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country61 (grow) more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over62past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.A taste for meat is63 (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corns rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice64 (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water65rice and creates less fertilizer (化月巴) runoff. This switch has decreased66 (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 ( globe ) fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government68 (start) a soil?testing program69gives specific fertilizer recommendations to高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】farmers and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission (排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. Chinas approach to protecting its environment while70 (feed ) its citizens “ offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide/ says the banks Juergen Voegele.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国为保护环境在 农作物种植上做了 一些改变并得到了世界上知名人士的认可。【参考答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than 66. pollutionglobal 68. started 69. that/which 70. feeding【答案解析】61 .考查时态。since加时间点,主句要用现在完成时,故填has grown o.考查冠词。这里是特指在过去的25年里,所以填the。62 .考查副词。actually修饰整个句子。63 .考查非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式to improve。64 .考查连词。根据关键词less可知填than。65 .考查词性转换。has decreased后接名词作宾语,故填pollution。66 .考查词性转换。fertilizer consumption是名词短语,故应该用 形容词修饰。故填global。67 .考查谓语动词。本句是when引导的定语从句,由于时间是2005年,故用过去时started o高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】68 .考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该 空缺少主语,指代program并且引导后面的句子。故填that/which。69 .考查省略句。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略 掉了 China is,省略句的原那么:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让 步状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时, 那么可以把主语和be动词一起省略,因此本空填feedingo【高频考点】考点1:无提示词试题无提示词填空题需考生在不给出提示词的情况下填出符合上下 文逻辑、语法、句法的单词,主要考查代词、名词、冠词、介词、情 态动词、并列连词、复合句、特殊句式等。【解题思路】第一步确定填哪类词第二步确定填什么词分析句子结构, 根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词填代词、介词或冠词填助动词 填连词根据句子的意思根据句子结构根据上下两句的逻辑关 系【考题调研】(2019全国乙卷)While they are rare north of 88° , there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.【参考答案】that【答案解析】此处缺引导同位语从句的连接词that,用来说明高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】evidence的具体内容,故此处填that。【考题调研】When stressors throw your nervous system out of balance , relaxation techniques can bring back into a balanced state.【参考答案】it【答案解析】根据前后语境可知,此处应用it代指上文的your nervous system o【考题调研】Please spend time with those who make laugh easilyboth at themselves and at lifes humorous events. Surround yourself with reminders to lighten up. Keep toy on your desk or in yourcar.Put up a funny poster in your office. Choose a computer screensaver that makes you laugh.【参考答案】a【答案解析】本段介绍的是如何使自己心情舒畅。设空后的toy 为单数可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故用不定冠词a。【考题调研】The only reason why a man would sell his house a lower price would be that he needed money badly.【参考答案】at【答案解析】名词a lower price在句中不作主语,也不作动词的高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】宾语,故应为介词的宾语,根据习惯搭配,可知应用介词at。【考题调研】I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days I was to return to Guangzhou.【参考答案】before【答案解析】因为I wanted to.days是一个句子,I was to return. 也是一个句子,且这两个句子之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,故 可判断设空处一定是填连词;根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系可知, “尽可能参观这个城市更多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前,故填 beforeo【考题调研】Behind him were other people to he was trying to talk.【参考答案】whom【答案解析】空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词, 故应填关联词。分析句子结构可知此处应填一个定语从句的关系词, 先行词是people,关系词指“人”且作介词to的宾语,故应选用关 系代词whom。考点2:给出了动词的试题当设空处后面给出动词原形时,设空处一般会考查动词的时态 (即考纲上要求掌握的一般现在时、现在完成时、现在进行时、一般 过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、将来 进行时及现在完成进行时)、几种常见时态的被动语态形式或非谓语高中英语专题练习:语法填空一教学设计【教学参考】动词。【解题思路】动诩V?ing形式表示习惯或一般情况非谓语动词谓语动词 时态语态语气作主语或宾语词性转换一般转换为名词,作 主语、表语或宾语与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词与逻辑主 语是被动关系,用过去分词作伴随状语一般用不定式作目的状语 或在形容词后作状语不定式表示具体情况【考题调研】(2019全国甲卷)A 90?year?old has been awarded uWoman Of The Yearv for61 (be) Britains oldest full?time employeestill working 40 hours a week.【参考答案】being【答案解析】介词后应用动词的?ing形式作宾语。故此处填beingo【考题调研】At that time, soda pop was sold in bottles, and they were washed and (fill) again.【参考答案】filled【答案解析】分析句子结构可知,设空处为谓语动词且与were washed并列,主语they与fill之间为被动关系,但设空前已经有了 系动词were,故设空处应填filledo【考题调研】In Logan, three people (take) to a hospital, while