2021年湖南中考英语真题分类汇编之短文填空.docx

2021年湖南中考英语真题分类汇编之短文填空一 .词汇应用(共3小题)(2021 衡阳)Bicycle riding is good exercise.il helps people become (1) f.Bicycle riding can make the riders' hearts and lungs strong.lt is also good for the environment because bicycles do not cause (2) (污染).Bicycles share the road with cars and trucks.Drivers do not always notice bicycles.So bicycle riders must (3) p attention to the traffic around them and know traffic signals.They must know and obey the safety (4) r .They must wear helmets to protect their heads.If they ride at night, they should have lights on the bicycle or wear light - colored clothes.In case of an accident, bicycle riders should know how to give first aid.If an injury is serious, they must call 120 fbr help.In a word, the best way to be safe is to be (5) (小心的).1. (2021 郴州)从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺. program , encourage, sometimes , what, for , easy, he, join, friend, because My best friend Ally and I spend a few hours of our time every week as volunteers for Buddy Ball.It is a (1) that helps disabled kids do sports and make new friends.So (2) docs a buddy (伙伴)do? At the moment, 1 am a buddy for an eleven - year - old boy called Tom.He is in a wheelchair and is a good basketball player, but just like any kid, it makes (3) upset when he misses a shot or makes a bad pass.He starts to cry and doesn't want to play. (4) he even wants (o give up.So, as his buddy, I (5) him.Now we're working on our basketball skills together.lt is great to see how he has improved and he doesn't get upset so (6) .Ally is a buddy (7) Clara, a kid with very few language skills.She is also a bit wild!She likes running away.Ally has learned how to work with Clara and to get her to join the games.Now she loves baseball and has more (8) .Next week she's playing in a team.Her parents arc truly happy about Buddy Ball and they say that Clara has become more confident and sociable since she (9) Buddy Ball.Buddy Ball is a great chance fbr everyone!Differences disappear and we realize that we're all just kids loving sports.I love volunteering fbr Buddy Ball (10) I know I'm对所给单词进行适当的变形，从而得出正确答案。二 .综合填空(共5小题)(2021 娄底)阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的 正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。Walt Disney was born in 1901 .The Mickey Mouse he created in 1928 made ( I) him (he) very famous.He died in 1966> but all his work and (2) dreams (dream) did not die.Now people all over the world enjoy Mickey Mouse and other cartoons.Walt Disney was a man (3) who did not give up easily.One summer, Walt wanted a job in a post office, but they told him that he was too young (4) to get ( get ) it.He went home, drew some lines on his face, and wore his father's suit and hat.Then he went back to the same office and told them he was eighteen. (5) Luckily ( lucky ), he got the job at last.Later in his life, Mr.Disney dreamed of building a new kind of amusement park.In his dream it was clean and (6) beautiful ( beauty ), it was fun for people of all ages> and there (7) were (be) rides for children and nice hotels for adults.Mr.Disney made a plan for this park.It was called Disneyland.Engineers told him it was impossible (8) for him to achieve his drcam.His family and friends (9) thought ( think ) he was mad at that time, but Mr.Disney did not give up his idca.Finally, Disneyland opened to the public and became (10) (he most successful amusement park in the USA.Walt Disney's dream came true.【考点】语法填空.【分析】本文主要讲了沃特迪士尼建造迪士尼乐园的故事。【解答】(1) him.考查人称代词宾格。made为动词，其后人称代词用宾格作宾语。句意： 1928年他创作的米老鼠让他非常知名。故答案为him。(2) dreams.考查可数名词复数。dream为可数名词，all后可数名词用复数。句意：他死 于1966年，但是他所有的工作和梦想并没有死去。故答案为dreams。(3) who.考查关系代词。句子为定语从句，先行词a man为名词，从句中缺少主语、据 此判断空格处用who。句意：沃特迪士尼是一个不轻易放弃的人。故答案为who。(4) to get.考查动词不定式。too.to do意为"太以至于不能句意：沃特想要份在邮局的工作，但是他们告诉他他太小了不能得到它。故答案为t。get。(5) Luckily.考查副词。lucky为形容词，在开头要变为副词作状语，句意：幸运的是, 最终他获得了这份工作。故答案为Luckily。(6) beautiful.考查形容词。was为系动词，后跟形容词，beauty为名词，要变为形容词 形式。句意：在他的梦里，它干净又漂亮。故答案为beautiful。(7) were.考查be动词。一般过去时中谓语动词用过去式，rides为可数名词复数，be动 词用were。句意：在他的梦里，这里干净美丽，老少皆宜，有儿童游乐设施和成人下榻 的豪华酒店。故答案为were。(8) for.考查介词。”it is.adj.+for sb to do sth.”句型意为"对某人来说做某事是的"， 句意：工程师说对他来说实现梦想是不可能的。故答案为for。(9) thought.考查动词过去式。一般过去时中谓语动词用过去式。句意：当时他的家人 和朋友觉得他疯了。故答案为thought。(10) the.考查定冠词。most successful为形容词的最高级,前常加定冠词the。句意:最 后，迪斯尼乐园向公众开放，成为美国最成功的游乐园。故答案为the。【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及所给词语判 断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正 确。4. (2021 衡阳)Zu Chongzhi was one of the greatest mathematicians (数学家)in ancient China.Hc was born during the Northern and Southern (I) dynasties ( dynasty) .From a young aget Zu was taught natural science, astronomy (天文学)，math and so on.The little boy was (2) interested ( interest) in all of these subjects, especially in (3) math .Zu was best known for his calculation (计”算) of pi (n) .According to the record, he did all the work using nothing but wooden sticks. (4) It took him lots of time to work out the value (5) between 3.1415926 and one at that time was able to do better than Zu. A nd now the achievement is still praised by people around the world. In order to remember Zu, some mathematicians suggest (6) calling (call) pi"Zu Lvn.Zu was successful not only in math, but also in astronomy.He worked out (hat a year should be 365.24281481 days long and created the Darning Calendar. (7) However , government officials at that time did not agree with Zu.The great mathematician (8) never saw his calendar put into use. Al most ten years after his (9) death (die), the new calendar was finally accepted.Zu was an inventor, too.He once made a vehicle （车辆） （10） that/which carrieda pointer （指针）.No matter how the vehicle turned, the pointer always pointed to the south.【考点】语法填空.【分析】文章介绍了中国最伟大的数学家之一一一祖冲之和他的成就。【解答】(1)dynasties.考查名词。句意：他出生在南北朝时期。根据语境,这里指“南北 朝时期”，是两个朝代，因此应用名词的复数形式。故填dynasties。(2) interested.考查形容词。句意：这个小男孩对所有这些科目都感兴趣，尤其是数学。 根据语境，题干考查固定搭配”对感兴趣”短语，主语是人，应用be interested in短语。 故填 interestedo(3) math.考查名词。句意：这个小男孩对所有这些科目都感兴趣，尤其是数学。根据上 下文语境，祖冲之是一位数学家，因此这里指他尤其对数学感兴趣。故填math。(4) It.考查代词。句意：他花了很多时间算出这个值在3.1415926和3.1415927之 问。根据语境，题干考查固定句型"It takcs/took sb some time to do sth",表"花费某人多少 时间去做某事”，此句型中，应用it作主语，且首字母应大写。故填匕(5)belween.考查介词。句意：他花了很多时间算出这个值在3.1415926和3.1415927 之间。根据语境，这里指计算出两个数之间的值，即"between.and短语。故填between。(6) calling.考查动词。句意：为了记住祖冲之，一些数学家建议称n为"祖律二根据语 境,题干考查固定搭配"suggest doing"短语，表"建议做某事",因此设空处应用V - ing 形式。故填calling。(7) However.考杳副词。句意：然而，当时的政府官员不同意祖冲之的观点。根据语境, 题干上下句之间表转折，且设空后有逗号，因此应用副词however表前后转折。注意句 首单词首字母应大写。故填However。(8) never.考查副词。句意：这位伟大的数学家从未见过他的日历被使用。根据上文语 境，”政府官员不同意祖冲之的观点”，以及下文语境”在他去世十年后”，因此可知题 干表示否认意义，即“从未见过”：且题干谓语是saw过去式，因此设空处应用表否认意 义的副词。故填never。(9) dealh.考查名词。句意：在他去世近十年后，新的日历终于被接受了。分析句式， 设空处应填名词；根据语境，这里表”在他去世十年后"。故填death。(10) that/which.考查代词。句意:他曾经做过种带指针的交通工具。分析句式,题干 设空后是一个定语从句，修饰先行词vehicle(交通工具)，因此应用关系代词that或which 引导，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。【点评】解答语法填空题目时，需根据所掌握的语法和词汇知识，结合上下文，分析判 断所缺词汇的形式，一般需要变换所给词汇的形式。没有括号内提示词时，需要根据上 下文及固定搭配等，多填写冠词、介词、连词、关系词等。6. (2021 岳阳)No one can live without sleep.Experts believe that sleep is (1) like food and water.Good health needs good sleep.Scientists have found that people who sleep for less than 6 hours and a half at night arc more often ill than people (2) who sleep for 8 hours.How (3) many hours do you sleep every night? Most students have less than 8 hours of sleep every night.Some teachers complain that a few students feel sleepy or even fall asleep in class.These students can (4) not concentrate (集中注意力)on iheir study.Why are so many students short (缺少)of sleep? Recently, a reporter did a survey in No.21 Middle School.The result shows that there are two main (5) reasons about this problem.One is that students have too much homework at night.Some students have to (6) stay up late to finish their homework till 11 ： 00 p.m.Thc (7) other reason is about the use of Intcrnct.Some students arc crazy about playing games on the phones.Many parents worry about this problem.The Ministry of Education (教育部)has paid more attention (8) lo this problem and required that students in primary schools should (9) sleep at least 10 hours a day» 9 hours for junior high and 8 hours for senior high.Schools are expected to give less homework to students (10) so that they can have more time to sleep【考点】短文填空.【分析】本文主要讲述睡眠对于青少年的重要性【解答】(1) like.考查介词。根据句意”没有睡眠人就无法生存。1?家认为睡眠就像食物 和水。”应填介词“like”,表示列举。故填like。(2) who.考查定语从句的关系代词.根据句意”科学家们发现，夜间睡眠时间少于6个半 小时的人比睡眠8小时的人更容易生病。”空前是先行词“people”，空后sleep缺少主语， 用代指人的关系代词“who”。故填who。(3) many.考查不定代词。根据句意”你每天晚上睡多少小时？“hours”是可数名词，需用how many来修饰。故填many。(4) not/hardly.考查表示否认的副词。根据句意"一叫老师抱怨说，有些学生上课时感到 困倦甚至睡着了,这些学生注意力不能集中在他们的学习上。”这里要找表示否认的副词， not 或者 hardlya 故填 not/ hardlyo(5) reasons.考杳可数名词和变复数形式。根据句意”结果说明，造成这一问题主要有两 个原因。”还可以根据后文第7个空的reason可知，此处填原因，空前有two,要变成 复数。故填reasons。(6) slay.考查动词短语力根据句意”一是学生晚上的作业太多，有些学生为了完成作业， 不得不熬夜到晚上11点。"可知熬夜是stay up, have to后加动词原形。故填stay。(7) other.考查不定代词。根据上文"One is that students have too much homework at night." 表示”一个原因是学生晚上作业太多”和后文中另外一个原因，考察短语”one.the other”表 "一个另一个"。故填other。(8) I。.考查固定搭配。根据句意”教育部对这个问题给予了更多的关注“。短语“pay atlenlion lo”表示"注意故填2。(9)sleep.考查动词。根据句意"教育部要求小学生每天至少睡10个小时"，用sleep» should 后加动词原形。故填sleep。(10) so.考查目的状语。根据句意"学校应该减少给学生的家庭作业，以便他们有更多的 时间睡觉。”应填"so that”表示“为了”,引导目的状语。故填so。【点评】首先要通读短文，掌握大意，特别要注意上下文之间的联系，确定某处的需要 的词汇和形式，就可以确定正确答案。7. (2021 怀化)Li Wen lives with his grandparents in the countryside.He is (1) a 14 - year -old boy.He (2) works (work) hard and does well in school.lt is hard to believe that he used to have many( 3) problems(problem) in school.When he was a little boy, he hardlycaused any trouble.But after his parents went to work in the city, they could not look after him(4) careuUy (careful) .So Li Wen disliked study (5) and missed classes.Then his parents decided (6) to send (send) him to a new school.However, he was a shy boy and couldn't make friends quickly.One day, he wanted to leave the school.His parents were very worried (7) about him and came back to talk with him.Aftcr a long talk, Li Wen realized that his parents loved (8) him (he) dccply.He (9) was moved (move) by his parents.Now, he is much (10) happier (happy) (han before.It's very important fbr parents to be there for their children.【考点】语法填空.【分析】本文说的是留守儿童李文的变化。李文是农村孩子，原来跟父母一起生活，学 习刻苦，成绩很好。后来父母去城市打工，李文成为留守儿童，于是他的学习也变差了。 在老师的建议下，父母从遥远的打工处来到他的学校，跟他谈心，于是他意识到父母仍 然爱他，他开始又快乐活泼起来，成绩也好起来。【解答】(1) a.考查冠词。作为表语的名词boy被以辅音开头的单词”14-year-old ”所 修饰，故用an来修饰、限定，表示“一个(男孩)句意：他是个14岁的男孩。故填 a.(2) works.考查动词。本文用一般现在时进行表达，显得生动形象：主语是第三人称单 数，故填work的第三人称单数形式。句意：他学习刻苦。故填works.(3) problems.考查名词。所填单词被many所修饰，故填problem的复数，表示"问题"。 句意：令人难以置信的是，他过去常常在学校发生很多问题。故填problems.(4) careWy.考查副词。应填careful的副词形式，作为状语，表示”仔细地，句意：他 们无法仔细照顾他。故填carefully.(5) and.考查连词。应填连词and,来连接两个并列动词(disliked和missed )。句意: 因此李文不喜欢学习，并且旷课。故填and.(6) to send.考查不定式。应填send的不定式，作为宾语，即本句是decide to do sth句型， 意思是“决定做某事二句意：于是其父母决定把他送到寄宿学校去。故填t。send.(7) about.考查介词。应填介词aboul,和后面的代词him组成介宾结构，充当状语，即 木即是be worried about句型，意思是"担忧某人(某事)句意：他们的父母非常担忧 他。故填about.(8) him.考查代词。应填he的宾格，作为宾语，表示“他二句意：李文意识到他的人们 深爱着他。故填him.(9) was moved.考查动词。主语he和动词move是动宾关系，故用被动语态；本句说的 是过去之事，故用一般过去时。句意：他被自己的父母打动了。故填was moved.(10) happier.考查形容词。本句是more than句型，说的是"比更",故填happy的比较级，作为表语。句意：他现在比以前更加快乐。故填happier.【点评】首先要通读短文，掌握大意，特别要注意上下文之间的联系，确定某处的需要 的词汇和形式，就可以确定止确答案。8. (2021 长沙)Henry is ( 1 ) an American businessman.One day, when he was sailing (航行)on a boat near San Francisco, he was canied out into the sea by a strong wind. (2)Luckily (luck), he was discovered and picked up by a London - bound (开往伦敦的) ship.So he (3) landed (land) in London by accident.Alone and (4) hungry (hunger), he walked on the streets of the city.Uncxpcctcdly, he (5) was called (call) into a big house.There two rich (6) brothers (brother), Oliver and Roderick, gave him a letter and told (7)him (he) no( to open it until two o'clock of the day.Henry didn'tknow it was a million - pound (白万英镑)bank note.He left the big house and went into a cheap restaurant to get something to eat.Everyone was impolite and impatient to him.Why? (8) Because he was in rags (衣衫褴褛)and looked dirty.Then, (9) to_ everyone's surprise, he handed the owner a million - pound bank note to pay for the meal.On seeing the note, all the people in the restaurant became friendly and tried their best(10) 【o please (please) Henry.Don't you think it's the most unbelievable story in (he world?【考点】语法填空.【分析】短文讲述了 Henry和一张百万英镑钞票的故事。Henry是一个美国商人，他被大 风刮到大海里，在伦敦偶然着陆，他单独一人饿着肚子走在城市的街道匕有两个富有 的兄弟给了他一封装有一百万英镑的信，但不让他在那天两点之前翻开。他走进一个小 餐馆，因为衣衫褴褛而被不礼貌和不耐烦地对待，当他用一百万英镑付账时，那些人又 来取悦他。【解答】(1)an.考查冠词。句意：Henry是一个美国商人。应用不定冠词表"一个、一位 "概念，且American的首字母是元音音素。故填an。（2） Luckily.考查副词。句意：幸运的是，他被一艘开往伦敦的船发现并接走。根据前 文"he was carried out into the sea by a strong wind他被大风刮到大海里"可知他被发现接走 是幸运的，修饰全句，应用副词形式，句首字母应大写。故填Luckily。（3） landed.考查动词。句意：所以他无意中在伦敦着陆了。用一般过去时态表达过去的 事情，land意为"着陆"，过去式是landed,故填landed。（4） hungry.考查形容词。句意：他又饿又孤独地走在这座城市的街道上。and连接两个 并列成分,alone意为"孤独的"，是形容词，hunger的形容词形式是hungry, Alone and hungry 是形容词短语作状语，相当于副词的作用。故填hungry。（5） was called.考查动词语态。句意：出乎意料的是，他被叫进了一所大房子。主语he 和谓语call （叫、喊）之间是被动关系，且时态是过去时，用一般过去时态的被动语态。 故填 was calledobrothers.考查名词。句意：那里有两个富有的兄弟，Oliver ft Roderick（ two修饰可 数名词的复数形式。故填brothers。（6） him.考查代词。句意：Oliver和Roderick给了他一封信,告诉他两点之前不能翻开。 动词后应用人称代词的宾格形式，故填him。（7） Because.考查连词。句意：因为他衣衫褴褛，看起来很脏。应用because回答上句的 why,句首单词首字母应大写。故填Because。（8） to.考查介词。句意：之后，令每个人惊讶的是，他拿出了一张百万钞票给店主买单。 to one's surprise表示"令人吃惊的是故填to。（10）to please.考杳动词。句意：看到这张百万英镑的钞票，餐馆里的人变得友好了， 而且尽力取悦Henry。【ry one's best to do slh.表示"尽某人最大努力去做某事"，用to do不 定式表目的。故填lo pleaseo【点评】语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答。 作答时需要注意词形的变换，本篇中还需注意句首的单词首字母应大写等规范问题。考点卡片1 .首字母阅读填空【考查能力介绍】首字母阅读填空常要求考生根据短文意思和所提供的首字母，写出一个完整、正确由能使 短文通顺的单词.首字母阅读填空考查范围极广，是完型填空式中考试卷中最难的题型，最能测量考生实际 运用语言的能力.它要求考生要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的内在联系，还要有扎实的 语言知识储藏和较大的词汇量.该题的考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类.【解题方法点拨】做首字母阅读填空题，我们需要在自身知识积累足够的基础上，掌握定的方法，以便快速 准确地答题.通读全文，跳过空格，了解全文大意；结合所给首字母，综合考虑，初步确定答案；仔细推敲，注意词形的变化，从词法、句法、惯用法等方面考虑答案的准确性； 复读全文，确保填入的词既能使句意通顺，又能做到语法、用词搭配的正确，防止不必要 的失分.解题步骤(以题为例)Once» there was a little grey planet. People living on it hadn't looked after it well. (I) A they had excellent inventions and spaceships beyond our imagination» they made the planet (2) f of rubbish and pollution. As a result there were no plants or (3) a left.One day, a little boy was walking on the(4)p. When he passed a cave(山洞)，he noticed a small red (5) f in it. The flower was sick and almost dying. The boy (6) d it outcarefully with its root and some soil. Then he tried to find somewhere to plant it, but he failed. He looked up in the sky and he found the (7) m. He thought the flower might grow (8) w on the moon. So he climbed into a spaceship with the flower and (9) f to themoon. He grew the flower on the moon and took care of it every day. Soon the flowers spread all over the moon and the moon was (10) c with red flowers.When all the flowers come out, the moon looks (11) , like a warning light. If we don't look(12)a our earth carefully, the day will come when flowers will only be able to grow onthe moon.这是2018年咸宁的最新中