2021届重庆市育才中学高三下学期二诊模拟试题英语试题（解析版）.docx

2021年重庆育才中学二诊模拟考试英语试题本卷须知：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2 .答复选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答复非选择题时，将 答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What is the man going to do?A. Give up his job.B. Focus on his study.C. Talk with his parents.2. What was Peter most probably?C. A teacher.A. A cook.B. A driver.3. What is the man doing?A. Checking an appointment.B. Booking a table.C. Asking for sick leave.4. What does the woman probably worry about?A. The lecture.B. The interview.C. The final exam.5. Where are the speakers probably?A. At an airport. B. At a bus station. C. In a hotel.第二节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话前，你将有时 皮龟带回泰国海滩。在沿海省份邦加和普吉岛，海龟产卵数量已达20年之久。），可知 CO-VID-19的禁令将濒危的棱皮龟带回了泰国海滩，这是自然恢复的例子，而Varawut Silpa-archa的灵感正是来源于这次海龟拯救行动，所以提到海龟是为了说明Varawut灵感的 诞生。应选D项。【11题详解】主旨大意题。第一段讲“旅游业下滑期间，许多寄居蟹涌入原本空旷的科兰塔海滩，供它们 居住的贝壳变得供不应求，第二段讲“为了解决寄居蟹住房问题，泰国政府向公众发出呼 吁，要求提供净重超过200公斤的空贝壳，第三段讲“人类活动导致寄居蟹住房短缺"， 第四段讲“政府的贝壳行动的目的和灵感来源，最后一段讲“泰国政府已经决定在未来尝 试复制CO-VID-19的政策，使旅游业短暂休息以恢复生态，可知文章主要讲泰国政府帮 助无家可归的寄居蟹寻找庇护所，D项“当局帮助无家可归的寄居蟹寻找庇护所符合文 意。应选D项。DIf Mars were the popular kid in school, Venus 金星） would be the unwelcome one sitting in the corner, largely ignored. Venus has nearly the same mass and size as Earth, but being closer to the sun, it gets nearly twice as much heat from the sun.However, instead of having a climate that is just a warmer version of Earth's, Venus's surface and atmosphere are unbearable: clouds of sulphuric acid （硫酸）blanket the planet, while at ground level, it is hot enough to melt lead. Despite this, there is now a sign that Venus may harbour life.Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her colleagues recently detected phosphine （磷化 氢）in Venus's atmosphere, with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology. That is because the only way this gas is made on Earth is in laboratories or by microbes （微生物）.Though this doesn*t mean it was produced by life on Venus, attempts to find non-biological explanations for its presence have so far failed.Our best way of confirming or rejecting the possibility of life on Venus is to go and have a proper look. While Mars has been the focus of interplanetary exploration efforts lately, the phosphine discovery lets people look at Venus in a new light. As NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine tweeted: "It's time to prioritize Venus. In the months and years to come, computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistries of the atmosphere on Venus. More laboratory experiments will be conducted to try to identify other ways the phosphine there could be produced. However, there is no guarantee that these efforts will reveal the true nature of this substance on Venus. A newly-proposed strategy is to directly sample the atmosphere and surface of Venus. By doing so, we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine.The discovery of phosphine in Venus's atmosphere is a great accomplishment. The scientific efforts may be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world. Possibly, the quiet kid in the corner may get the last laugh.12. Which description about Venus is not true?A. It is almost as large as Earth.B. It has nearly the same mass as Earth.C. It has a warmer Earth-like climate.D. It has the unbearable surface and atmosphere.13. What can the discovery of phosphine on Venus indicate?A. This kind of gas is very common.B. There might exist signs of life.C. Many products can be made with it.D. Experiments were once conducted there.14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. The approaches to exploring phosphine.B. The importance of observations.C. The power of computer simulations.D. The necessity to analyse phosphine.15. Which can best describe the author's attitude to the exploration of Venus?A. Casual.B. Cautious.C. Supportive.D.Doubtful.【答案】12.C13. B 14. A 15. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。随着磷化氢被发现在金星，科学家们相信金星上可能孕育着生命。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 u However, instead of having a climate that is just a warmer version of Earth' s, Venus' s surface and atmosphere are unbearable: clouds of sulphuric acid （硫酸）blanket the planet, while at ground level, it is hot enough to melt lead/（然而，金星的气候并不像地球 那样温暖，金星的外表和大气层令人难以忍受：硫酸云覆盖了整个行星，而在地面上，温度 高到足以融化铅。）由此可知，C选项“金星有像地球一样温暖的气候错误。应选C项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “Despite this, there is now a sign that Venus may harbour （尽 管如此，现在有迹象说明金星可能孕育生命）根据第三段u Jane Greaves at Cardiff University, UK, and her colleagues recently detected phosphine （磷化氢）in Venus' s atmosphere, with one potential explanation that it is the by-product of biology.英国卡迪夫大学的简格里夫斯和 她的同事最近在金星的大气层中发现了磷化氢，一种可能的解释是，它是生物的副产品）由 此可知，磷化氢的发现说明金星上可能有生命的迹象。应选B项。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段 “In the months and years to come, computer simulations will be used to further study the possible chemistries of the atmosphere on Venus. More laboratory experiments will be conducted to try to identify other ways the phosphine there could be produced. However, there is no guarantee that these efforts will reveal the true nature of this substance on Venus. A newly-proposed strategy is to directly sample the atmosphere and surface of Venus. By doing so, we would be able to take direct measurements of phosphine.”在未来的几个月和几年里，计算机 模拟将被用来进一步研究金星大气可能的化学性质。将进行更多的实验室实验，试图确定生 产磷化氢的其他方法。然而，不能保证这些努力会揭示金星上这种物质的真实性质。一个新 提出的策略是直接对金星的大气层和外表进行取样。通过这样做，我们将能够直接测量磷化 氢。）可知，第五段主要是关于探索磷化氢的方法。应选A项。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “The discovery of phosphine in Venus*s atmosphere is a great accomplishment. The scientific efforts may be just what we need to finally refocus on this neglected world. Possibly, the quiet kid in the comer may get the last laugh/在金星大气中发现磷化氢 是一项伟大的成就。科学努力可能正是我们最终重新关注这个被无视的世界所需要的。也许, 角落里安静的孩子会笑到最后。）由此判断出，作者对于探索金星持支持的态度。应选C项。第二节（共5小题;每题2. 5分，总分值12. 5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。Psychologists have long believed that human beings have a fairly consistent "negativity bias消极偏见）"that leads us to pay more attention to negative thoughts, feelings and events than to positive ones. 16 There is a positive explanation for the question. After all, we are motivated to grow after a misstep. However, we can't abandon ourselves to the negativity bias forever. How? 17Practice Positivity. Like your muscles, your thought patterns respond to how they are used and exercised. You don't have to erase the negativity bias from your mind. 18For example,set calendar reminders throughout your day to convey an expression of gratitude or simply adjust your body language so you're holding yourself with strength and confidence.19 We're living in a time of pandemic or financial stress and deep division. Our negativity biases call our attention toward those realities. But we are well served to also see the opportunities in this moment： Maybe there's a home project we otherwise wouldn't have found time to tackle.Ask for Positive Reminders. Get in the habit of checking in with people who are with you when goodness finds you today. Mention to them, “That is an unexpected bit of praise from the boss, isn't it?" 20 And who knows, you may help your friend, family member or coworker have a more positive day as well!A. Try the following suggested ideas.B. Redefine negativity as an opportunity.C. Instead, practice your positive lifestyle.D. Its negative influence can never be avoided.E. Why and how does this phenomenon happen?F. How do you handle it as you try to live with more positivity?G. Asking others to confirm your positive insights can facilitate your positivity.【答案】16.E17. A 18. C 19. B 20. G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，人类有一种相当一致的“消极偏见，但人们不能 永远沉浸在消极偏见中，文章给了一些方法帮助人们走出消极偏见。【16题详解】由上一句 " Psychologists have long believed that human beings have a fairly consistent "negativity bias （消极偏见）"that leads us to pay more attention to negative thoughts, feelings and events than to positive ones/ 心理学家长期以来一直认为，人类有一种相当一致的“消极偏见，这 导致我们更多地关注消极的思想、情感和事件，而不是积极的思想、情感和事件。）和下一 句 uThere is a positive explanation for the question.," （对这个问题有一个肯定的解释。可知, 上句提到了 “消极偏见这种消极的心理问题现象，下句又说这个问题有一个肯定的解释, 可得出该空填写内容应与解释这种现象为什么和如何发生的信息有关，承接上下文，E选项“这种现象为什么会发生，又是如何发生的？ 切题。应选E项。【17题详解】由上两句 uHowever, we can't abandon ourselves to the negativity bias forever. How?” 然而， 我们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中。怎样做呢？），第二段首句"Practice Positivity/ （实践 积极性。）和最后一段首句"Ask for Positive Reminders/， 1索要积极的提醒。）及下文内容 可知，上文说人们不能永远沉浸在消极偏见中，下文讲走出消极偏见的一些建议（如实践积 极性和要求积极的提醒），可得出该空填写的内容与提供建议有关，承接上下文，A选项“尝 试以下建议。切题。应选A项。【18题详解】由本段小标题 Practice Positivity.”实践积极性。）和上一句 "You don't have to erase the negativity bias from your mind./（你不必消除你心中的消极偏见。）可知，作者建议读者在 生活中去实践积极性，即以积极的态度去生活，所以无需消除你心中的消极偏见，只需在生 活中不断实践积极的生活方式，承接上文，C选项“相反，练习你积极的生活方式。切题。 应选C项。【19题详解】根据本段内容,归纳出小标题。由本段后文“We're living in a time of pandemic or financial stress and deep division. Our negativity biases call our attention toward those realities. But we are well served to also see the opportunities in this moment： Maybe there,s a home project we otherwise wouldn't have found time to tackle.”我们生活在一个大流行病、经济压力和严重分裂的时 代。我们的消极偏见要求我们关注这些现实。但我们也很乐意看到这一刻的机遇：也许有一 个家庭工程，否那么我们就没有时间去解决。）可知，即使我们的消极偏见要求我们关注那 些消极的现实，但我们也要在消极中看到机遇，可得出本段主要讲在消极中找到机遇，承接 下文，B选项“将消极性重新定义为机遇。切题。应选B项。【20题详解】由本段小标题“Ask for Positive Reminders.”索要积极的提醒。）和上一句uMention to them, “That is an unexpected bit of praise from the boss, isn*t it?""对他们说：“这是老板出 乎意料的表扬，不是吗？）可知，在本段中作者建议读者要去向别人索要积极的提醒来摆 脱消极偏见，如用反义疑问句“这是老板出乎意料的表扬，不是吗？ 来肯定自己的积极性, 承接上文，G选项“让别人确认你的积极见解可以促进你的积极性。切题。应选G项。 第三局部语言运用（共两节，总分值30分）第一节（共15小题;每题1分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的 最正确选项。The phrase “One Person Can Make a Difference" is one of those sayings that we teach youngsters. We use it to 21 them to do something kind, to help another person. As22, do we really believe this? Or is it a（n） 23 just for young people?Almost 15 years ago while driving across town, I was listening to a radio interview and heard a story of 24 and commitment that was inspiring. A woman had 25 ten wintercoats on the Thanksgiving weekend to donate them at the One Warm Coat Drive. She knew the city had many homeless people and families in 26. She knew her 27 coatscould make a difference between cold and 28 for ten people that winter.She was only one person, 29 it was her action that 30 me that there would always be a need for more coats. Nearly 15 years later, One Warm Coat has 31 inspired the donation 一 over 4 million coats across the country. As the national founder, I feel my heart is full and 32, knowing that we, each one of us, can make a real difference in thelives of thousands each fall and winter. That*s the ripple （涟漪）effect of 33.So when you step forward to donate your time, or 34 an item, or help your neighbor, perhaps wondering "Will my effort really 35? I can tell you that it will!21. A.forceB. encourageC.preferD.inviteA.citizensB. victimsC.adultsD.amateurs23. A. lessonB.trap24. A. braveryB.curiosity25. A. tailoredpurchasedB.designed26. A. needB.vain27. A. extraB.worn28. A. fortunegratitudeB.comfort29 A. andB.so30. A. pressedB.frightened31. A. hardly narrowlyB.greatly32. A. anxiousdisappointedB.warm33. A. kindnessB.loyalty34. A. put awayB.take in35. A. changeB.respond【答案】21. B 22. C23. A 24. C30. C 31. B 32. B【解析】33. A 34. C23. A. lessonB.trap24. A. braveryB.curiosity25. A. tailoredpurchasedB.designed26. A. needB.vain27. A. extraB.worn28. A. fortunegratitudeB.comfort29 A. andB.so30. A. pressedB.frightened31. A. hardly narrowlyB.greatly32. A. anxiousdisappointedB.warm33. A. kindnessB.loyalty34. A. put awayB.take in35. A. changeB.respond【答案】21. B 22. C23. A 24. C30. C 31. B 32. B【解析】33. A 34. CC.excuseD.obstacleC.selflessnessD.sadnessc.sparedD.c.returnD.controlc.casualD.smartc.confidenceD.c.orD.yetc.convincedD.shockedc.occasionallyD.c.concernedD.c.cooperationD.wisdomc.give awayD.hand inc.improveD.matter25. D26. A 27. A28. B29. D35. D【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者表达了 15年前听到的一个电台采访：一位妇女在感恩 节周末购置了十件冬衣，准备在“One Warm Coat一件温暖的外套）活动中捐赠。结合 15年后One Warm Coat再次激发了捐赠一一全国超过400万件外套被捐出的事件，告诉我 们：每个人的努力真的很重要。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们用它来鼓励他们做一些善事，帮助他人。A. force强迫；B.encourage 鼓励；C. prefer 更喜欢；D. invite 邀请。根据前文的“The phrase "One Person Can Make a Difference“ is one of those sayings that we teach youngsters/' 1 ”一个人可以有所作 为这句话是我们教年轻人的格言之一。）可知，我们常用这句话来鼓励他们做一些善事， 帮助他人。应选B。【22题详解】考查名词。句意：作为成年人，我们真的相信这一点吗？ A. citizens公民；B. victims受害者; C. adults成年人；D. amateurs业余爱好者。根据“young people”可知，年轻人相对成年人。 应选C。【23题详解】考查名词。句意：还是仅仅针对年轻人的一堂课程？ A. lesson课程；B. trap陷阱；C. excuse 借口； D. obstacle 障碍物。根据上文提到的“The phrase "One Person Can Make a Difference" is one of those sayings that we teach youngsters. （ “ 一个人可以有所作为“ 这句 话是我们教年轻人的格言之一。）可知这里指的是还是仅仅针对年轻人的一堂课程？应选Ao 【24题详解】考查名词。句意：大约15年前，当我开车穿过小镇时，我听了一个电台采访，听到了一个 关于无私奉献的令人振奋的故事。A. bravery勇敢；B. curiosity好奇；D. sadness哀伤。 结合下句中“A woman had purchased ten winter coats on the Thanksgiving weekend to donate them at the One Warm Coat Drive/ 一位妇女在感恩节周末购置了十件冬衣，准备在“一件 温暖的外套活动中捐赠。），结合本句中and后的并列成分commitment （奉献），可知应该 选择无私，即一个关于无私奉献的令人振奋的故事。应选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一位妇女在感恩节周末购置了十件冬衣，准备在“一件温暖的外 套活动中捐赠。A. tailored 定制；B. designed 设计；C. spared 抽出，匀出；D. purchased 购置。根据本句中提到的uon the Thanksgiving weekend to donate，/在感恩节的周末去捐赠） 和下句中的“homelesspeople （无家可归的人）"可知应该是买了十件冬衣去捐赠。应选择 Do【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她知道这个城市有很多无家可归的人和需要帮助的家庭。介词in 和四个选项A. need需要；B. vain徒劳；C.return返回；D. control控制。结合本句中的 “ many homeless people and families ”很多无家可归的人和家庭），可知应该是通过捐赠帮助处于困难中人和家庭。in need "困难。应选A。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她知道她的额外的外套在那个冬天能对十个人在寒冷和舒适之 间有影响。A.extra额外的;B. worn磨损的；C.casual随意的，休闲的；D.smart聪明的。 结合上文中“A woman had purchased ten winter coats on the Thanksgiving weekend to donate them at the One Warm Coat Drive/7 一位妇女在感恩节周末购置了十件冬衣，准备在“一件 温暖的外套活动中捐赠。）可知应该睡额外的外套对被捐赠者有影响。应选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她知道她的额外的外套在那个冬天能对十个人在寒冷和舒适之间 有影响。A. fortune财富；B fort舒适;C. confidence信心；D. gratitude感谢。根据本句 中的make a difference between cold and.在寒冷和 之间有影响），应该选择和cold相 对的词。应选B。【29题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：她只是一个人，然而，正是她的行为让我相信，永远都需要更多 的外套。A.and和，并且；B. so所以；C.or或者；D. yet然而。本句中"She was only one person/（她只是个人）和“it was her action that convinced me that there would always be a need for more coats（正是她的行为让我相信，永远都需要更多的外套）是转折关系，应该用 yet符合题意。应选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她只是一个人，然而，正是她的行为让我相信，永远都需要更多 的外套。 A. pressed按压；B. frightened使害怕；C.convinced使相信；D. shocked使震惊。 本句中含有强调句式强调了主语“heraction（她的行为）结合上下文的捐赠活动应该是让 我相信永远都需要更多的外套。应选C。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：近15年后，一件温暖的外套活动）极大地激发了捐赠一一全 国超过400万件外套被捐赠。A. hardly几乎没有；B. greatly极大地；C. occasionally偶尔； D. naiTowly 狭隘地。根据空格后的“inspired the donation - over 4 million coats across the country（激发了捐赠一一全国超过400万件外套被捐赠），可知这里应该是选择表示程度 的副词：极大地。应选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为国