2021年高考英语真题分类汇编专题:语法填空.docx
2021年高考英语真题分类汇编专题:语法填空英语考试注意事项:1、填写答题卡的内容用2B铅笔填写2、提前xx分钟收取答题卡第0卷的注释阅卷人得分第0卷的注释第回卷客观题、语法填空(共50题;共75分)(15分)(2021 浙江)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形 式。It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 . (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored (修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln*s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 2 $ 1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 3. (marry ) ceremony in 1842.When the house was built, it was much 4. (small) than it is today. Mary's niece wrote, MThe little home 5. (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 6. (she) , everything in good taste and in perfect order.Although Mary loved flowers, 7. she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary's sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 8. (plant) flowers in the front yard.9. Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 10. (sell) most of their furniture.(15分)(2021全国甲)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _ 11. (build) originally to protect the city 12. the Tang dynasty and has now. ache,名词,(身体某部位的)疼痛,此处作定语,修饰后面的名词legs, ache和legs在逻辑上 是主谓关系,用现在分词修饰,故填achingo.句意:它确实存在我的记忆中。I,主格,我,此处名词性物主代词作介词宾语,故填mine。48 .句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是必游之地! must这里的意思是“必去之地”,此处是泛指,因 此要用不定冠词,must是元音音素开头的单词,故填a。试题分析部分1、试卷总体分布分析总分:75分2、试卷题量分布分析分值分布客观题(占比)75.0(100.0%)主观题(占比)0.0(0.0%)题量分布客观题(占比)5(10.0%)主观题(占比)0(0.0%)大题题型题目量(占比)分值(占比)语法填空5(10.0%)75.0(100.0%)3、试卷难度结构分析4、试卷知识点分析序号难易度占比1困难(10.0%)序号知识点(认知水平)分值(占比)对应题号1语法填空75.0(100.0%)1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9,10,11,12,13,1 4,15,16,17,18,1 9,20,21,22,23,2 4,25,26,27,28,2 9,30,31,32,33,3 4,35,36,37,38,3 9,40,41,42,43,4 4,45,46,47,48,4 9,50been completely restored (修复).It is possible13. (walk) or b汰e the entire 14 kilometers.We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.After 14. (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 15. (good) than to ride on a piece of history!We 16. (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 17. did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 18. way around the Xi'an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and _ 19, (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their _ 20. (day) routines.(15分)(2021全国乙)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 21 . (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 22 . (develop) of the local areas.Ecotourism has 23 (it) origin with the environmental movement of 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept24 . the late 1980s. During that time, increasingenvironmental awareness made it desirable.Due to 25 . growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 26. trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles: Minimize the impact of 27. (visit) the place. Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. Provide 28. (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 29.(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足)and accommodations aim 30. (have) a low impact on the natural environment.(15分)(2021浙江)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形 式。In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数)across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 31 . that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 32.gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 33. (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 _ 34. (consider) healthy.The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 35. 2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 36. (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described "striking changes, in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 37. (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 38.(sharp).This may be due to some disadvantages for people 39. (live) in the countryside, including 40. (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.(15分)(2021 新高考回)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles* song "The Long and Winding Road”. _ 41 .is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 42. (human) are.The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will _ 43.(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 44. (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is 一 always leaving us 45.(astonish).What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can*t help wondering how hard it _ 46. (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure47 .offers a place whereyou can sit down to rest your48 . (ache) legs.As the song goes, this long and winding road Hwill never disappear11, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 49.(I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is _50.must to visit!答案解析部分【答案】1. has proved/has proven; 2. for; 3. marriage; 4. smaller; 5. was painted; 6. herself;neither; 8. to plant; 9. The; 10. sold【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了林肯在伊利诺依州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家的历史与现 状。【点评】考查语法填空,本题考点涉及时态,介词,名词,形容词,语态,代词,非谓语动词,冠 词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻 辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。1 .句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河上的种植园那样给人留下深刻的印象,但林肯在伊利诺斯 州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明是不可抗拒的。prove,证明,动词, 根据时间状语since it opened to the public可知,应与现在完成时连用;该空的主语为Lincoln's home,为第三人称单数,助动词应用has,故填has proven / has provedo.句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格买下了这座房子,并从Charles Dresser那里买下了一些 土地,Charles Dresser在1842年为他们举行了婚礼。该空应为“以的价格”之意,Dr意为 “以的价格”,故填for。2 .句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格买下了这座房子,并从Charles Dresser那里买下了一些 土地,Charles Dresser在1842年为他们举行了结婚仪式。marry,和结婚,动词,marriageceremony固定短语,“结婚仪式”,故填marriage。3 .句意:这所房子建的时候比现在小得多。small,小的,形容词,根据句中的than可知,该空应 用small的比较级,故填smaller。4 .句意:小屋被漆成了白色。paint,刷,动词,主语The little home,与paint之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态;根据下文“It was sweet and fresh.”可知,事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时。主语为 第三人称单数形式,故填was paintedo.句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。she,她,主格, 该空应为“她自己”之意,应用其反身代词,herself,故填herself。5 .句意:虽然Mary喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是作为园丁而出名的。neither . nor 固定短 语,“既不也不”,表示两者都不,故填neither。6 .句意:Mary的妹妹Frances Todd Wallace经常来前院种花。plant,种植,动词,此处应用动词 不定式作目的状语,故填to plant。7 .句意:林肯一家在1856年将房子扩大到整整两层,以满足他们不断增长的家庭的需要。“定冠词 the+复数姓氏”表示某姓的一家人或夫妻俩、兄弟俩、姐妹俩等,故填The。8 .句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租下了这栋房子,并卖掉了大部分家具。sell,卖,动 词,句子主语为they, rented和空处同为句子的谓语动词,应保持形式一致,应用一般过去时,故 填 soldo【答案】11. was built; 12. in; 13. to walk; 14. spending; 15. better; 16. hired; 17. but;18. the; 19. watchtowers; 20. daily【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者游览西安城墙的活动。【点评】考查语法填空,本题考点涉及时态语态,介词,非谓语动词,连词,冠词,名词,形容词 以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑 关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。9 .句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。build,动词,建造,动 词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,用一 般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语it为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was built。10 .句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。根据句意可知,表示“在 某个朝代''应用介词亩。故填in。11 .句意:步行或骑自行车可以走完14公里的路程。walk,走路,动词,此处为句型“it+be+adj+t。 do sth.”, it为形式主语,动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。12 .句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了, 还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。spend,花费,动词,此处After为介词,spend应用其动名词形式 作介词宾语。故填spending。13 .句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了, 还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。good,好的,形容词,根据后文比较连(介)词than可知,此处 应用形容词good的比较级,更好的,better,故填better。14 .句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。hire,租用,动词,分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词, 根据上下文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。15 .句意:我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃,但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系,应用表示转折的连词but连接。故填but。16 .句意:我们绕着西安城墙走了大约个小时。all the way,固定短语,“一直,完全地”,故填the。17 .句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看 当地人进行他们的日常生活。watchtower,瞭望台,可数名词,根据句意以及前文形容词different,不同的,可知应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。18 .句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看 当地人进行他们的日常生活。day, 一天,名词,修饰名词routines应用day的形容词daily,作定 语,修饰名词。故填daily。【答案】21. educated; 22. development; 23. its; 24. until; 25. the; 26. of; 27. visiting;28. financial; 29. Activities; 30. to have【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了生态旅游的相关知识,包括起源,要求,类型以及目的 等等。【点评】考查语法填空,本题考点涉及非谓语动词,名词,代词,连词,冠词,介词,形容词以及 固定搭配等多个知识点的考查,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关 系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。19 .句意:它不同于传统的旅游,因为它可以让旅行者接受有关地区的教育无论是地理环境还 是文化特色,并经常为保护提供资金,有利于当地的发展。educate,动词,教育,此处过去分词作 表语,故填educated。20 .句意:它不同于传统的旅游,因为它可以让旅行者接受有关地区的教育无论是地理环境还 是文化特色,并经常为保护提供资金,有利于当地的发展。develop,发展,动词,此处作benefit的 宾语,用名词,development“发展”,不可数名词,故填development。21 .句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。it,它,人称代词,此空作定语修饰名词 origin,用形容词性物主代词,故填its。22 .句意:直到20世纪80年代晚期才被广泛接受为一种旅行的概念。not .until固定短语,“直 到才.”,引导时间状语从句,故填until。23 .句意:由于与环境相关的冒险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。此 处是特指,用定冠词,故填the。24 .句意:由于与环境相关的冒险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。 various types of固定短语,”各种各样类型的”,故填of。25 .句意:最大限度地减少参观这个地方的影响。visit,参观,动词,介词后接动名词作宾语,故填 visitingo.句意:为当地人民提供经济援助和其他福利。finance,资金,名词,此处形容词修饰名词aid, 作定语,故填financial。26 .句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行住宿的目的是对自然环境有低的影响。activity,活动,可 数名词,此处名词作主语,根据谓语动词range,可知应用复数名词,位于句首首字母大写,故填 Activities o.句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行住宿的目的是对自然环境有低的影响。have,有,动词, aim to do,固定短语,"目的是",故填to have。【答案】31 . and; 32. that/which; 33. person's; 34. is considered; 35. by; 36. was;Studied; 38. sharply; 39. living; 40. lower【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标,主要是由于农村地 区的体重指数(BMI)增加了,并分析了其中的原因。【点评】考查语法填空,本题考点涉及连词,定语从句,名词,时态语态,介词,主谓一致,非谓 语动词,副词,形容词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进 一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。31 .句意:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现,世界各地的人们体重 越来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知,that people worldwide are getting heavier 和 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是 found 弓 I 导的宾语从句, 是并列关系,故填and。32 .句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.是限制性定语从句,tool是先行词,且在从句中作主 语,故填 that/which。33 .句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为 是健康的。person,人,名词,修饰weight,因此用person的名词所有格person's。故填person's。34 .句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为 是健康的。consider ,考虑,动词,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider 是表被动关系,故填is consideredo.句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了 2.1。increase by, 增加了; increase to,增加到;根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5-23.9)可知,increase by符合语境, 故填by。35 .句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了 1.3,男性增加了 1.6o主语the gain是单数,时态是一般过 去时,因此be动词用was,故填was。36 .句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的 男性和女性。study,研究,动词,study的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,用过去分词,study- studied,故填 studiedo.句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。sharp,锋利的,形容词, 此空修饰动词narrow,用副词作状语,故填sharply。37 .句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健 康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。live的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,作定语,用现在分词, 故填 living o.句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健 康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。low,低的,形容词,including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面 有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式,故填lower。【答案】41. What; 42. humans; 43. undoubtedly; 44. hotter; 45. astonished; 46. was;47. and; 48. aching; 49. mine; 50. a【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,作者讲述了自己的黄山之旅。【点评】考查语法填空,本题考点涉及主语从句,名词,副词,形容词,时态,主谓一致,连词, 非谓语动词,代词以及冠词等多个知识点的考查,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据 上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。41 .句意:这种体验最令人激动的是,外面世界的景象。is so breathtaking about the experience是主语从句,从句中缺少主语,用what引导,位于句首首字母大写,故填What。42 .句意:一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。human,人类,可 数名词,此处human是we的同位语,因此要用可数名词human的复数形式,故填humans。43 .句意:毫无疑问,这会让你精神焕发! undoubted,毫无疑问的,形容词,此处副词修饰谓语动 词help,作状语,故填undoubtedly。44 .句意:春天的神奇之处在于温度越低,春天就越热! hot,热的,形容词,此处是“the+比较级, the+比较级"句式,"越,越”,故填hotter。45 .句意:但大自然总是这样让我们惊讶。astonish的意思是“使惊讶”,设空处是宾语补足语,补充 说明前面的宾语us的状态,因此要用动词过去分词的形式,表示人物的情感状态,即“感到惊讶” 的,故填 astonished。46 .句意:你禁不住想当时的人们把这些石头放到适当的位置是多么困难。be, be动词,根据时间 状语then,可知谓语动词用一般过去时,it作形式主语,故填was。47 .句意:虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险过程,提供了一个地 方,让你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。前后是并列关系,因此用and,表并列,故填and。