专题30 动词的时态和语态-2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(练)(含答案解析).docx
2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测第30讲动词时态和语态练1 .单句语法填空(2021 稷 ill县稷山中学高三月考)Mr Wang was the only survivor in his family, who(survive) the earthquake in 2019.【答案】survived【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:王先生是家里唯一的幸存者,他在2019年的地震中幸存下来。分析句 子可知,who引导的定语从句中缺少句子的谓语,survive幸存。先行词Mr Wang与survive构成主动关系, 且根据in 2009可知,句子为一般过去时,动词survive用过去式survivedo故填:survivedo(2021 安徽省泗县第一中学高三开学考试)In our school, all the students(request) to wear school uniforms on weekends.【答案】are requested【解析】考查时态及语态。句意:在我们学校,所有学生都被要求在周末穿校服。陈述客观事实使用一般 现在时,students与request之间为被动关系,要使用一般现在时的被动语态,故填are requestedo(2021 全国高三课时练习)If you look at all sides of the situation, you911 find probably a solution that(suit) everyone.【答案】suits【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:如果你考虑情况的各个方面,你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决 方案。分析可知,设空处为从句谓语,根据语境,为一般事实,应用一般现在时,从句的主语that指代先 行词a solution,从句谓语要用单数,故填suits。1. (2021 全国高三练习)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,(form) the core collection of the British Museum that opened in 1759.【答案】formed【解析】考查时态。句意:例如,汉斯斯隆爵士的80,000件藏品组成了 1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心 臧品。设空处是谓语动词,根据定语从句中的时间状语in 1759可知,此处叙述过去发生的事,应使用一般 过去时。故填formed。2. (2021稷山县稷山中学高三月考)What(bother) me most is how I can get so much money for the project.【答案】bothers此处表示正在进行的动作,使用现在进行时,主语The new machine和test为被动关系,现在进行时被动语 态的基本构成形式是:am/is/are being done。故选A。18. (2021 黑龙江牡丹江市牡丹江一中高三期末)My bike needs but I forgot it to the repairshop.A. to repair; to takeB. repairing; to takeC. to be repaired; takingD. repairing; taking【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我的自行车需要修理,但是我忘记要把它送到修理店。need做实意动词 时,后接动词ing形式,表示被动。forget to do sth.表示忘记去做某事(还没做)。根据句意可知,我的自 行车需要被修理,但是我没有把自行车送去修理店了。故选B。19. (2021 黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高三期末)-Where does your granny live?-She lives in Nanjing now, but she in Boston for 10 years.A. had livedB. has livedC. livedD. is living【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意:你奶奶住在哪里? 她现在住在南京,但她在波士顿住了 10年。由前一 句时间状语now可知,空处描述的是过去发生的事情,和现在形成对比,所以空处谓语动词需用一般过去 时。故选C。20. (2021黑龙江哈师大附中)Hopefully, in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we more convenient electronic communication tools by then.A. developB. have developedC. will developD. will have developed【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意:希望到2025年我们不再互相发电子邮件,因为到那时我们会开发出更方便的电 子通讯工具。根据前句中时间状语in 2025可知,用将来时态;再根据by then可知,到2025年那时,我们 已经开出了更方便的通讯工具,所以用将来完成时。故选D。21. (2021 ,黑龙江哈尔滨市哈尔滨三中高三期末)The news of the earthquake when a large quantity of relief supplies to the disaster-stricken area.A. has hardly been spread; was deliveredB. was hardly spread; were deliveredC. had hardly spread; were deliveredD. had hardly spread; was delivered【答案】D【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:地震的消息一传开,大量的救灾物资被运送到灾区。第一空,为固定句 式hardlywhen表示“一 就 ”,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时;第二空,从句应用一般过 去时,主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,故用一般过去时态的被动语态,主语是a large quantity of relief supplies, 后面的谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。22. (2021 天津南开区南开中学高三月考)It was the first time that he the New Coastal Area ofTianjin and was so impressed by its fast development.A. have visited B. visitedC. had visitedD. would visit【答案】c【解析】考查时态。句意:这是他第一次来到天津这个新的沿海地区,天津的快速发展给他留下了深刻印 象。分析题意,根据固定搭配It+be+the+序数词+time+that (某人第几次做某事)可知,若be动词为was 时,从句的动词用过去完成时。故此处的时态为过去完成时。综合分析,故选C项。23. (2021 ,天津南开区南开中学高三月考)ZhongNanshan, as well as three other outstanding medical workers, the highest honor of our country last month.A. are awarded B. is awardedC. were awarded D. was awarded【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致和语态。句意:上个月,钟南山等三名优秀医务工作者被授予国家最高荣誉。根据 last month可知此处用一般过去时态,as well as连接并列主语时需要遵循就远原则,所以谓语动词和Zhong Nanshan保持一致,故选D项。24. (2021 天津河西区)A survey carried out last year showed that 80% of the middle-aged in this city in favour of the proposal on health care reform.A. isB. areC. wasD. were【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:去年进行的一项调查显示,该市80%的中年人赞成医疗改革的 建议。通过分析句子结构并翻译语境可知,主句时态为一般过去时,根据时态一致性可知从句中时态也为 一般过去时,且从句中主语80% of the middle-aged是复数,按照主谓一致原则,因此使用be动词wo'e。故 选D项。25. (2021 天津市实验中学滨海学校高三模拟)一 Beijing is worth visiting. I there with my parentsduring the holidays.一 I agree. I have been there twice.A. wentB. have goneC. have beenD. am going【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。句意:北京值得一游。我和我的父母在假期去了那里。一一我同意。我去过 那儿两次。结合语境可知,“我”和父母去北京是假期期间做过的事情,故应用一般过去时。故选A。高考真题.【2021 英语全国甲卷】The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.It 41 , (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).【答案】was built【解析】考查被动语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。分析句子 可知,空格处为谓语,动词build和主语之间是被动关系,应用被动语态(be done),根据句意和时间状语 the Tang dynasty可知,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,主语it为第三人称单数,主谓一致,故填was builto 2.【2021英语全国甲卷】We46> (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.【答案】hired【解析】考查时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。分析句子可知,此处为谓语动词,根据上下 文可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式。故填hired。1 .12021全国新高考I卷】 What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.【答案】was【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句 子可知,“how hard it(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作 wonder 的宾语,it 是从句 的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情,应用一般过 去时。故填was。2 .12021浙江卷 6 月It doesn't impress like George Washington*s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 36,(prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.【答案】has proved/ has proven【解析】考查动词。句意:它不像乔治华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在 伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。分析句 子成分可知,设空处作谓语动词,Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield Illinois作主语;结合句意及设空处 后的时间状语从句since it opened to the public可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,符合现在完 成时概念,故设空处用现在完成时;现在完成时结构是has/have +过去分词;主语Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove的过去分词形式是proved或proveno 故填 has proved/ has proven o.【2021 浙江卷 6 月Mary's niece wrote, nThe little home 40.(paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.【答案】was painted【解析】考查被动语态。句意:这个小房子被漆成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被漆”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语 态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词; 主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was paintedo 6.【2021 浙江卷 6 月】Three of the foui* Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 45 , (sell) most of their furniture.【答案】sold【解析】考查动词时态。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们租了房子,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句 子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented 一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态, 提示词sell的过去式形式是soldo故填soldo. (2019 全国 I 卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.【答案】have reported【解析】考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years可知,主句用现在完成时态,故填have reported o. (2019 全国 II 卷)Picking up her'Tifetime Achievemenf,award, proud Irene(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.【答案】declared【解析】考查谓语动词。根据上下文可知,该句主语为Irene,此处为谓语成分,根据后文had以及said可 知用一般过去时态,故填declaredo. (2019 全国 HI 卷)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and(recommend)wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.【答案】recommended【解析】考查一般过去时态。句意:我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、 购物和参观的地方。“and”前后两个动作“shared"与"recommended”是并列关系,时态一致。故填recommended。 10. (2019 浙江卷)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody (have) to worry aboutfashion(时尚)【答案】will have/has【解析】考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状 语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时will do;根据语境可知,本文叙述的是客观事实, 因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是nobody,谓语用has。故填will have/has。11. (2019 湖f江卷)One study in America found that students' grades (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.【答案】improved【解析】考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after 引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去式,主句用一般过去式。故填improved。 单句改错(2020浙江卷语法填空)By about 6000 BC, people 61 .(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. 【答案】had discovered【解析】考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。 分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动 逻辑。by +过去时间 译为“到 为止“,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.12. (2020浙江卷语法填空)New methods 65. (mean)that fewer people worked in farming.【答案】meant【解析】考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需 填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动 关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。13. (2020山东卷语法填空)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,38.(form) the corecollection of the British Museum 39 (which/that) opened in 1759.【答案】formed【解析】考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了 1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心 藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语inl759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填formed。14. (2020- ill 东卷语法填空)The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or rooms.【答案】are called【解析】考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观使用, 应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填arecalled。15. (2018 全国 I 卷)While running regularly can*t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.is【答案】is【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。本文介绍了跑步的好处,通篇以一般现在时为主。本句中宾语从句与主句 的时态应保持一致,故用一般现在时;且宾语从句中的主语为it,故用is。16. (2018 全国 II 卷)Since 2011, the country(grow) more corn than rice.【答案】has grown【解析】考查时态。由句中的时间状语Since2011可知,此空应用现在完成时。17. (2018 全国 II 卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government (start) a soiltesting program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】started【解析】考查时态。根据语境可知,此处叙述发生在过去的情况,应用一般过去时,故填started。18. (2018 全国 III 卷)1 quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel (challenge).【答案】challenged【解析】考查时态。此处表示“我迅速低下头避免和它直视,以便它不会感到受到挑战",主语he和chaUenge 构成被动关系,故填challenged。19. (2018 全国 III 卷)True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.【答案】meant【解析】考查时态。由于此处描述的动作已经发生,故用一般过去时。II.单句改错一 ,for.(2020新课标 II 卷短文改错)Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, 1 have longbut/yetbeen out of practice.【答案】start>started【解析】考查时态。句意:事实上,我七岁时就开始学功夫了。分析句子,此处动词start讲述的是7岁的 时候,动词应该用过去时。故将start改为startedo(2020新课标 III 卷短文改错)For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.【答案】had改为have【解析】考查动词的时态。根据上下文的时态可知,需用一般现在时。1. (2020新课标 III 卷短文改错)My dad don't like the soup and I don't enjoy apples.【答案】don't改为doesn't【解析I考查主谓一致。此处指爸爸不喜欢喝鸡蛋汤,主语为第三人称单数谓语部分的助动词应用第三人称 单数形式。此处为一般现在时,需用doesn't。2. (2018 全国 I 卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there. 【答案】find改为found【解析】本句考查动词的时态。find改为found。考查时态。根据前一句中的时间状语“During my last winter holiday”可知,本文讲述作者去年寒假的故事。所以此处应用一般过去时,故把find改为found。句意:在 去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下看望我的祖父母,我发现那里有很大的变化。3. (2018 全国 n 卷)Still I unwilling to play the game with them sometimes. 【答案】在I后加was【解析】考查谓语动词。此句缺谓语动词,be unwilling to do sth.是固定用法,表示“不愿做某事"。结合语境 和时态可知,应用一般过去时,故在I后加was。4. (2018 全国 III 卷) It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. 【答案】begin改为begun【解析】考查谓语动词。根据语境可知,此处为过去完成时,故应用过去分词。5. (2018 全国 II 卷)I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.【答案】考are改为were【解析】查时态。根据上下文语境可知此处要用一般过去时。故把are改为were。6. (2018 全国 III 卷)The classroom is a place for learning and that include leaning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.【答案】include改成includes【解析】考查主谓一致。that作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。7. (2019 全国 III 卷)Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts. 【答案】required改为requires【解析】本句考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现代时。故把required改为requireso2020 届广东省茂名市高三第二次综合测试】The most excited activity was the fishing competition, during that I won the first prize. We all had a good time there. When we return in the afternoon, it was already five o'clock.【答案】return改为returned【解析】考查时态。句意:当我们下午返回时已经5点了。全文讲述的是上周末发生的事情,所以时态要 用一般过去时。故return改为returned o【解析】考查时态。句意:最使我烦恼的是我怎么能为这个项目弄到这么多钱。分析句子可知,句子为名 词性从句,What.most部分为主语从句,从句中缺少谓语,bother使烦恼,为动词,What作主语,看作第三人称单数,根据is后的部分和句意可以判断,句子为一般现在时: 谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 故填 bothers o(2021 全国)Soon airline tickets, hotel reservations and even cars could(purchase) online.【答案】be purchased【解析】考查动词语态。句意:很快,飞机票购买、酒店预订,甚至汽车购买都能够在线上完成。根据句 意,此处表示“被购买”,应用被动语态,且位于情态动词could之后,故填be purchased。6. (2021 全国高三)I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told that the cloth(wash) well. 【答案】washes【解析】考查主动形式表示被动含义的特殊用法。句意:我想买那种布,因为我被告知那种布很耐洗。此 处描述这种布料的特征,应用一般现在时,wash well为固定搭配,表示“耐洗工为主动形式表示被动含义, 故填 washes o(2021 全国高三练习)The stone under her feet rolled, and as she(pull) into the river, she called out for help.【答案】was being pulled【解析】考查过去进行时和被动语态。句意:她脚下的石头滚动起来了,在她正被拖进河里之时,她大声 呼救。此处动词pull (拖,拉)在as引导的时间状语从句中,这一动作发生于过去(整句话均为过去时态, 应保持一致),且表示“正当.的时候' 应使用过去进行时,加之主语she和pull是被动关系,应使用过 去进行时的被动语态,综上,故填was being pulled。7. (2021 全国高三练习)He(tell) the telephone number several times, but hecouldn*t learn it by heart 【答案】had been told【解析】考查时态语态。句意:虽然已经被告知过电话号码好几次,但是他还是没能记住。tell与主语he 是被动关系(“他被告知”),且tell是发生在couldnt learn it by heart (没能记住)之前的动作,是“过去的过 去”,综上应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had beend。8. (2021 全国高三练习)Every student together with teachers who are to visit the museum(be) asked to be at the school gate before 8:30 in the morning.【答案】is【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:所有要参观博物馆的学生和老师被要求在上午8:30之前到学校门口集合。 主语后面有“together with+名词/代词”短语时,谓语动词应和最前面这一真正的主语在人称和数上保持一致, 故此句的谓语动词要与Every student在数上保持一致,用第三人称单数形式;同时结合定语从句中的are可 知,该句用一般现在时,综上,故填is。9. ,(2021 全国高三课时练习)The poor old lady(lie) on the ground for almost twenty minutes, but still nobody comes to help her.【答案】has been lying/has lain【解析】考查现在完成进行时工句意:那位可怜的老妇人已经躺在地上近20分钟了,但仍没有人来帮助她。 根据语境可知此处lie是发生在comes之前的动作,且一直持续到现在,并将有可能继续进行下去,故此处 使用现在完成进行时最佳,现在完成时亦可,故填has been lying或has lain。10. (2021 全国高三练习)Experts believe that the illness (link) to the use of chemical pesticides.【答案】is linked【解析】考查被动语态。句意:专家们认为这种疾病与化学农药的使用有关。that引导的宾语从句中缺少谓 语动词,link与从句主语the illness之间是被动关系,常用搭配Abe linked to B表示“A与B有关联,A与B 有联系”,且此处是对客观普遍现象的科学判断,所以应用一般现在时的被动语态,综上,故填is linked。11. (2021 全国高三练习)The unmanned Chang*e-4 probe (探测器)一the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess一 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】touched【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:无人探测器“嫦娥四号”这一名字的灵感来源于中国古代的一位月亮女 神 上周在(月球的)南极-艾特肯盆地着陆了。分析句子结构,全句的主语是The unmanned Chang*e-4 probe, 设空处是句子的谓语,touchdown (降落,着陆)与主语构成普通的主动关系,根据时间状语last week (上 周)可知此处应使用一般过去时,综上,故填touched。12. (2021 全国高三练习)My daughter wants to have her photos taken where a tower(lie).【答案】Hes【解析】考查时态。句意:我的女儿想在一个有塔的地方照相。where a tower 是地点状语从句, where在从句中作地点状语、设空处为从句的谓语动词,从句的主语是a tower,所以从句谓语应用第三人称 单数形式。故填lies。13. (2021 全国高三练习)The authorities commanded that the survivors of the mine accident (send) to the nearest hospital.【答案】be sent【解析】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意:根据官方的命令,矿难幸存者要被送往最近的医院。当主句谓 语动词为坚持(insist) 命令(order, command) 建议(advise, suggest, recommend) 要求(demand, require, request, ask)等词时,其后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气,从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,其 中should可以省略,使用动词原形。survivors与send之间是被动关系(幸存者被送往),使用被动语态, 综上,故填be sent。14. He said on the phone that he (wait) for me at the school gate when I arrived there.【答案】would wait【解析】考查过去将来时。句意:他在电话里头说,当我到那的时候,他将会在学校大门口等我。分析句 子结构,said后的宾语从句中包含主从复合结构,wait是宾语从句中主句的谓语动词,是在过去某一时间看 来的将来动作,主句谓语动词是said,所以此处应使用过去将来时,故填would wait。15. If you are flagging, it means you are becoming weaker and (run) out of energy.【答案】running【解析】考查现在进行时表示将来的用