2022高考英语一轮复习Unit4Earthquakes学案新人教版必修1.docx

先记牢、再练通，基础自查讲究一个“效度”地震裂缝；哪啪声（使）开裂；破裂 发臭的；有臭味的 农场；农家 水坝；堰堤 运河；水道 蒸汽；水汽 污垢；泥土极度的幸存者；生还者；残存物 轨道；足迹；痕迹 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 记者要点；大纲；轮廓 报刊的大字标题 骑自行车的人爆裂；爆发突然破裂；爆发 事件；大事 废墟；毁灭 毁灭；使破产 苦难；痛苦 破坏；毁坏；消灭 无用的；无效的；无益的 援救；营救 使陷入困境 陷阱；困境Unit 4 EarthquakesNO：发端于教初/（一）阅读词汇一一明其义、写其形 第一组：明其义1. earthquake n.2. crack n.vt. & vi.3. smelly adj.4. farmyard n.5. . dam n.6. canal n.7. steam n.8. dirt n.9. extreme adj.10. survivor n.11. track n.12. shelter n.13. reporter n.14. outline n.15. headline n.16. cyclist n.第二组：写其形1. burst vi.n.2. event n.3. ruin n.vt.4. suffering n.5. destroy vt.6. useless adj.7. rescue n. & vt.8. trap vt.n.用法规那么as if = as though "似乎；好像；仿佛”，在句中引导表语从句 或方式状语从句。(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可.能发生的情况时， 从句要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况 时，从句用虚拟语气。对现在的虚拟，用一般过去时(be动词用 were)；对过去的虚拟，用had done ；对将来的虚拟，用 would/could/might +动词原形。注意事项as though/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be 动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。针对训练单句语法填空The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as if she were (be) their own mother.It seems as if you are (be) really enthusiastic about Chinese culture. So I suggest you apply for Beijing University, one of the best universities in China.Jack wasn，t saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done (do) something very clever.句型转换The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.(状语从句的省 略)f The old man was lying on the ground as if badly hurt.补全句子As can be seen from the picture, a boy is burdened with such heavy homework that it seims as if he can hardly beav it any more.正如图画上所看到的一样，一个男孩肩负着那么沉重的作业以至于他看上去好像再也承 受不住了。4.局部否认教材原句All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。用法 规那么all . . . not . . . not all,表刃广局部否XE。(1)英语中的 all, both, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely 等具有总括意义的代词、 形容词、副词与否认词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部 分否认，表示“不是都；并非都”。(2)英语中的 no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere等表达否认意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构 成“全部否认”。注意在英语中常可见到一些形式上否认而意义上那么表肯定的句子。如：事项You can never do the work too well.针对训练句型转换It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them aren，t fit for the jobs.fit's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for the jobs.补全句子I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with everything.我同意你说的大局部内容，但是我并非同意你讲的一切。The truth is that not everyone is attaching great importance to time management.事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得重要。一链高考、拓主题，未来高考比拼一个“厚度 一、在考题集训中查验单元语基（一）高考中的语法填空1. （2020 天津 7 月高考）After everyone concerned were seated, there was a ceremony of raising the national （nation） flag, which made us excited.2. （2020 天津 7 月高考）Jones was shocked （shock） when she said that she didn，t actually mind being cheated.3. （2020 天津 5 月 高考）Susan burst into tears after her baby，s operation because she was moved.4. （2020 新高考全国卷 I ）After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. "I wish we could help him to earn money, “ said Clara.“His family is suffering （suffer） so much. ”5. （2020 浙江 1 月高考）Every year over 500, 000 children die from diarrhoea （腹 泻）from dirty （dirt） water.6. （2019 天津高考）Mary's description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I had been （be） there.7. （2017 浙江 6 月 高考）The man- on- the- street interview is an interview in which a reporter （report） hits the streets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.8. （广东高考）“Have a nice day! ” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression （express）.（二）高考中的阅读理解熟词生义（2020 全国卷 I ）The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.比赛工程（2）（2020 天津 5 月高考）However, the disasters that occurred in school were even worse.灾难（§）（2019 江苏iWj考）These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack, leaving behind a vast hole, the caldera.爆裂词类活用（2020 新高考全国卷 I ）The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the daytime, n.庇护（2019 全国卷 I ）Modern methods for tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s. v. 追踪生词 僻义（2019 天津高考）There was not one night that I don，t remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.非常（三）高考中的完形填空1. （2020 新高考全国卷 I ）A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24 it caused had driven away a number of birds.A. wasteB. tensionC. painD. damage解析：选D根据语境和空后的“it caused ."可知，这里指的是洪水带来的破坏 （damage）。2. （2018 二化京高考）He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after leaving a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the car's owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the car 一 which was itself worth £ 35, 000 in Glasgow city centre, they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to it. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was safe.A. satisfiedB. excitedC. amusedD. shocked解析：选 D 根据空格后面的 “to find two policemen standing next to it” 可知， 车主看到警察站在车旁边应该是感到“震惊的"（shocked）。3. （2018 浙江 6 月高考）I remember back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also played a team sport. By the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it 39 .A. at lastB. right awayC. of courseD. as usual解析：选B根据上文可知作者到家后只有几个小时的时间做作业，所以必须立即 （right away）开始做。at last “最后”；of course “当然”；as usual “像往常一样”。4. （2015 福建高考）It wasn，t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 47 everything so harshly （亥U薄）.She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her life as well.A. discussB. realizeC. judgeD. settle解析:选C由urather than（而不是）”可知，后面表达的意思应该与appreciate life（欣赏生活）”表达的意思相反。结合四个选项的含义可知应是如此刻薄地“评判 （judge）"每一件事,应选C项。（四）高考中的写作1. （2020 天津7月高考写作）当看到国旗升起的时候,我们都极其地兴奋。（extremely, national）When seeing the national flag rising, we were extremely excited.2. （2018 北京高考书面表达）正如谚语所说，活到老学到老。（too . to .）As the saying goes, “One is never too old to learn. ”3. （2014 北京高考书面表达）但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，所以我不 能按计划和你一起去。我写信真诚地向你表达我的歉意。（injure, express, sincerely）But now, because my left foot was injured in the footboll game, I cannot go with you as planned. I'm writing to sincerely express my apology to you.二、在拓展训练中积累主题词汇“自然灾害”主题常用词汇meltworsenruin©destroy©disappearmuddy©smelly©natural©terrible©fiercebhangeabledangerousdeathteurvivalteurroundingstut offcaught inCause damage tobome to one，s rescuetake on a new look熟练词汇在口内打“J”，欠熟练词汇平时多关注练中巩固I.单词拼写1. （2020 新高考全国卷 I ） Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed （破坏）by the slow drying up of the sea.2. （2020 全国卷HI） If you do, you won，t be able to handle it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that ruins （毁掉）everyone，s day.3. （2020 浙江 1 月 高考）The salt lowers water's freezing point, causing ice to melt （融化）.4. Most of the damage （破坏）that's occurred was simply because of fallen trees.5. The car got stuck in the muddy （泥泞的）ground, thus we had to wait for rescue.6. Rubbish makes the environment dirty and smelly （臭味的）.H.单句语法填空1. （2020 新高考全国卷 I ） In her natural （nature） state, the actor weighed 105 pounds.2. （2020 新高考全国卷 I ）A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance （disappear） of the Aral Sea.3. （2020 天津 7 月高考）But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible （terror） it would have been, had we missed the chance.4. School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous （danger） situations.5. Hearing the dog barking fiercely （fierce）, away fled the thief.6. Those bacteria can increase the chance of a heart attack and worsen （worse） the effects of other diseases.7. Our new surroundings（surround） are a lot more friendly than we expected.8. As we know, exporting is necessary for our economic survival （survive）. III.补全句子1. Only with combined efforts can we expect our hometown to take on a new look in the near future.唯有通力合作，我们才能期望我们的家乡不久会有新的面貌。2. They were cut off for not paying their phone bill.他们未付 费，被停机了。3. If the stranger had not come to her rescue, the little girl would have been drowned.如果那个陌生人没来救这个小女孩的话，她就会被淹死了。4. It was because she was caught in the rain yesterday that she fell ill.是因为她昨天淋雨了，她才病倒的。5. I hope all our friends at this conference will make joint efforts to continue to contribute to the comprehensive development of the Sino-UK relationship.我希望出席本次大会的所有朋友共同努力，共同为推动中英友好合作关系的全面开展, 不断做出新的贡献。单元主题语篇训练AA tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.More than 2, 000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat （栖息地）of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid- 1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight （困境） of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011, said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. uToday we're talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year, " Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife-viewing tours, said he's been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients （客户） are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U. S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化，北极熊登陆，为阿拉斯加的二 个小村庄带来了巨大的人气，促进了当地旅游业的开展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊 提供积极的保护。1. What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?A. Food shortage.B. Climate change.C. Habitats， movement to shore.D. Their preference for land.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段的最后两句可知，全球变暖加速了海冰融化，破 坏了北极熊原本的栖息地，故越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物，应选B。2. How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?A. Excited.B. Puzzled.C. Concerned.D. Shocked.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地 上，研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所存在的困境，随后，更多游客前往 Kaktoviko由此可推知，之前人们普遍对北极熊登陆比拟关注。应选C项。3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.B. Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.C. Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.D. Tourism affects the balance of nature.解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall” “Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. ” 可知，大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览，而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天, 而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。4. Which saying can describe the text?A. The fittest can survive.B. After a storm comes a calm.C. There is always opportunity in crisis.D. Every coin has two sides.解析：选D推理判断题。通读文章可知，因为全球气候变暖，北极熊被迫登陆来寻找 食物以生存下去，这本来是北极熊的困境，然而北极熊登陆却为一个小村庄带来了旅游业的 开展，这对小村庄来说是一个机遇，同时，村民又利用旅游业带来的收入为北极熊提供更多 保护。因此D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。BEarthquake rescue robots have experienced their final tests in Beijing. Their designers say with these robots, rescuers will be able to buy more time to save lives during an earthquake.This robot, looking like a helicopter, is called the detector （探测器）bot. At about 4 metres long, it took about 4 years to develop the model. Its main functions are to collect information from the air, and deliver goods of up to 30 kilos to people trapped by an earthquake.This robot is equipped with a high 360-degree panoramic （全景的）camera. It can work day and night and also be able to send the latest pictures from the quake area.Dr Qi Juntong, from Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, “The most important feature of this robot is that it doesn，t need distant control. We just set the information on it, and then it takes off, and lands by itself. It flies as high as 3, 000 metres, and as fast as 100 kilometres per hour. ”This robot has a different function 一 it can change as the environment changes. Its main job is to search for any signs of life in places where human rescuers can，t go.The robot is equipped with a camera that can work in the dark, as well as a detector that not only finds people, but can also detect poisonous gas.Another use for the rescuers is the supply bot, with its 10-metre-long pipe. People trapped in the ruins will be able to get supplies including oxygen and liquids.Experts have said that the robots will be produced, and serve as part of the national earthquake rescue team as soon as next year.""""语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。5. We can learn from the passage that the earthquake rescue robot .A. is unable to deliver goodsB. is designed to predict the earthquakeC. can send pictures even at nightD. can be used to clear away poisonous gas解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段可知，这款机器人会全天候24小时工作，也就 是说，即使在夜晚它也可以发送照片。6. According to Dr Qi Juntong, the earthquake rescue robot .A. has a unique shapeB. has more functionsC. is equipped with more advanced camerasD. can work by itself once given the information解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段可知，这款机器人不需要远程遥控，在设定信息 后它可以自行工作。7. The robot can find people in an earthquake with the help of .A. a remote controlB. a detectorC. a long pipeD. a helicopter解析：选B细节理解题。根据第六段可知，这款机器人上的探测器可在地震灾区寻找 人。8. What is the passage mainly about?A. Some information about earthquakes.B. How to build earthquake rescue robots.C. An introduction to a kind of earthquake rescue robots.D. Different earthquake rescue robots in the world.解析：选C主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款地震救援机器人。C（2021 昆明质检）Five-year-old Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.