山东省济南大学城实验高级中学2021届高三第一次诊断性考试英语试题Word版含解析.docx

济南大学城实验高级中学2021级考试英语试题第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）第一节（共5小题，每题1.5分；总分值75分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有15秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What does the woman do now?A. An engineerB. An officialC. A teacher2. What is special about the meal?A. The taste of foodB. The price of foodC. The kind of food3. What are the speakers probably doing?A. Camping in the countryside.B. Touring in a wonderful city.C. Discussing a holiday plan.4. When did the dining room close?A. 10 minutes agoB. 20 minutes agoC. 30 minutes ago5. What will the man do this evening?A. Buy some clothes.B. Wash his clothes.C. Organize his clothes.第二节（共15小题，每题L5分；总分值225分）听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项选出最正确选项，并标在试卷相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟，听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，答复第6至7题。6. What is the man most unhappy with about the MP4 player?C. The earphoneA. The scratchB. The receiver7.What does the woman decide to do for the man in the end?A. Sell another model cheap to him.hippocampus（海马区）,which plays a vital role in problem-solving, to become smaller.In addition to causing brain damage, complaining also releases a stress hormone: cortisol, a kind of chemical the body produces when we meet with some danger.Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and lower immunity（免疫力）.The ill effects of our complaining aren't just limited to ourselves: they also involve those around us.We tend to mirror the moods of our friends.For this reason, we should be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of companions.The best way to deal with constant negativity is to develop a sense of gratitude（感恩）ust like complaining acts as a poison, gratitude acts as a medicine.Research shows it lowers cortisol levels by 23 percent, as well as reduces blood pressure and blood sugar.lt also decreases tiredness and depression.Gratitude is the perfect cure for complaining, a behavior that steals our brain power, happiness and physical well-being.What have you observed about the effects of complaining in your own life or in the lives of others? Have you noticed that when you are grateful, you feel better all over? Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.12. What do Para 2-3 mainly talk about?A. The diseases caused by complaining.B. The decrease of a vital part of our brain.C. The bad effects of complaining on brain power.D The reason why certain thought patterns become habits.13. What can we know about cortisol from the passage?A. Gratitude is an effective cure for Cortisol.B. Our body produce cortisol when we feel exited.C. Cortisol is a chemical that can cause brain damage.D. Having a high level of cortisol can lead to many health problems.14. What attitude does the writer take to stubborn complainers?A. Grateful.B. Tolerant.C. Disapproving.D. Skeptical.15. Where can the passage most probably appear?A. In a newspaper.B. In a medical report.C. On a website.D. In a radio program.【答案】12.C13. D 14. C 15. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究说明，抱怨会导致在解决问题时起重要作用的海马区变小。除了 造成大脑损伤，抱怨还会释放一种压力荷尔蒙:皮质醇，持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血压、 高血糖和免疫力下降。处理持续负面情绪的最好方法是培养一种感恩的意识。【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段 Yet the harmful effects don't stop there. A study shows that complaining causes the hippocampus which plays a vital role in problem-solving, to become smaller.然而， 有 害影响还不止于此。一项研究说明，抱怨会导致在解决问题时起重要作用的海马区变小。）以 及第二段主要解释了抱怨如何对大脑产生消极影响的。故可知第2-3段主要谈论抱怨对脑力的 不良影响。应选C。13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句 Constantly having a high level of cortisol results in high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and lower immunity.持续高水平的皮质醇会导致高血压、高血糖和免疫力下降。可知皮质醇水平过高会导致许多健康问题。应选D。【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句For this reason, we should be cautious about having stubborn complainers in our circle of companions.（基于这个原因，我们应该小心在我们的朋友圈里有固执的抱怨者。）可知作者对于固执抱怨者的态度是不赞成、反对的。应选C。【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句 Please share your thoughts in the comments section below.请在下面的评论区提供你的想法。）可知文章最有可能是出现在一张网页上。应选C。第二节（共5小题；每题2.5分，总分值12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选: 项为多余选项。High on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau lies China's "Water tower"Sanjiangyuan.16 The three rivers: the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and Lancang River, provide water for about half the population of China. However, human activities such as overgrazing（过度放牧）are putting this ecosystem at risk.17. In 2021, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park, which was a pilot（试行）program for China's national park system.18 Due to theprogress made in the region, Qinghai held the first National Park Forum on Aug 19.Sanjiangyuan National Park is a model of eco-protection.19 For example,Herdsmen have given their grasslands to nature and resettled in urban area. As for wildlife, they are monitored by field conservation stations to keep the environment in good condition.The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but it must be realized. As President Xi wrote in the congratulatory letter to the forum, "Building an ecological civilization bears great significance in the development and progress of human civilization." With great efforts, people may one day be able to enjoy themselves in the vast lands of Sanjiangyuan and run freely across the plains alongside nature's animals.20Hopefully, though, we have realized the damage.A. It's home to the headwater of China's three big rivers.B. Unfortunately, the situation has got worse and worse.C. It attracts visitors with its fantastic nature beauty and various wildlife.D. The park has increased the area's green coverage and attracted more wildlife.E. Hopefully, the success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a greener future.F. The local government has different ways of slowing environmental degradation.【答案】16. B 17. A 18. E 19. G 20. F【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国将建立以三江源为龙头的国家公园系统及其重要意义。 【16题详解】根据前句 “High on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau lies China/s Z/Water tower" Sanjiangyuan.（中国的 “水塔三江源坐落在青藏高原的高处。）和后句“The three rivers: the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and Lancang River, provide water for about half the population of China.（三江:黄）可、 长江和澜沧江，为中国大约一半的人口提供水源。）可知，此句为承上启下句。选择项中It 指代上句中的 “Sanjiangyuan" , "three big rivers”与下句中的 “The three rivers保持一致。所以B选项“它是中国三大河流的源头。符合上下文语境，应选B。【17题详解】根据上文"However, human activities such as overgrazing（过度放牧）are putting this ecosystem atrisk.（然而，过度放牧等人类活动正将这个生态系统置于危险之中。）和后句“In 2021, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park, which was a pilot（试行）program for China? s national park system.（ 2021中国政府设立了三江源国家公园，这是中国国家公园体系的一个试点工程。）可知，我们已经意识到保护生态环境的重要性。所以A选项“然而, 令人欣慰的是，我们意识到了这种损害。符合上下文语境，应选A。【18题详解】根据前句 “In 2021, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park, which was a pilot（试行）program for China' s national park system.（ 2021 年,中国政府设立了三江源国家公 园，这是中国国家公园体系的一个试点工程。）和后句"Due to the progress made in the region, Qinghai held the first National Park Forum on Aug 19.（由于该地区取得的进展,青海省于 8 月 19 日举行了首届国家公园论坛。）可知，我们已经意识到保护生态环境的重要性。选择项中“The park"指代前句中的"Sanjiangyuan National Park,z。所以E选项“公园增加了该地区的绿色覆 盖率，吸引了更多的野生动物。符合上下文语境，应选E。19题详解】根据后文 “For example, Herdsmen have given their grasslands to nature and resettled in urban area. As for wildlife, they are monitored by field conservation stations to keep the environment in good condition.（例如，牧民把草原交给大自然，重新安置在城市。至于野生动物，野外保护站 会对它们进行监测，以保持环境的良好状态。）可知，这里是保护环境所采取的措施。所以 G选项“当地政府有各种减缓环境恶化的方法。符合上下文语境，应选G。【20题详解】根据首句 "The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but it must be realized.（国家公 园系统的想法在中国仍然是新的，但它必须实现。）和前句“With great efforts, people may one day be able to enjoy themselves in the vast lands of Sanjiangyuan and run freely across the plains alongside nature' s animals.（经过艰苦的努力，人们也许有一天可以在三江源这片辽阔的 土地上和大自然的动物们在一起自由自在地奔跑，厂可知，建立国家公园系统的想法在中国 仍然是新的，环境保护的努力只是一个开始。所以F选项“三江源的成功有望标志着一个更加 绿色的未来的开始。符合上下文语境，应选F。第三局部语言运用（共两节，总分值30分）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空 白处的最正确选项。Exercise and I have never had a good relationship due to my fear of sports. From a young age, my dad 21 me into a dozen sports. I didn't like any of them, 22.When I entered University of Regina, my dad 23 telling me "You have to find a way to stay 24 or "You don't want to get the Freshman 15, do you?" So I 25 to give swimming a shot, but I 26 managed to go to the pool twice during the fall semester （学期）. Worse still, I was 27 to convince myself that "Yeah, that's OK."Spring semester came. A friend of mine 28 me one day asking if I wanted to go to Zumba with her. All I knew about Zumba was that it was basically exercise dancing to Latin and pop songs. It didn't sound too bad, but I couldn't be 29.I went, and that was it. Zumba became my 30 of tea. The instructor would alwayssay: "Don't worry about the steps. Have fun. Do your own thing/ That removed my31 about sports. I didn't have to be 32. I didn't even have to be good. I justneed to 33 the music and move. Zumba did 34 me from the Freshman 15,but it also did so much more. It let me make 35 with my unpleasant past with physicalfitness, and enjoy staying healthy.21.A.expectedB.allowedC.forcedD.invited22.A.thereforeB.thoughC.insteadD.besides23.A.avoidedB.riskedC.regrettedD.kept24A.in shapeB.for funC.at easeD.onbusiness25.A.refusedB.happenedC.botheredD.decided26.A.hardlyB.merelyC.constantlyD.gradually27.A.eagerB.contentC.embarrassedD.disappointed28.A.teasedB.comfortedC.approachedD.annoyed29.A.happyB.proudC.carefulD.sure30.A.cupB.partC.shareD.mouth31.A.curiosityB.passionC.scareD.confidence32. A. perfect33. A. accept34. A. witness35. A. trouble【答案】21. C 22. B30. A 31. C 32. A【解析】confidence36. A. perfect37. A. accept38. A. witness39. A. trouble【答案】21. C 22. B30. A 31. C 32. A【解析】B. enthusiasticB. feelB. separateB. sense23. D 24. A33. B 34. DC. adorableC. displayC. discourageC. peace25. D 26. B35. CD. ambitiousD. compareD. saveD. contact27. B 28. C 29. D这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小开始就不喜欢运动，甚至产生了恐惧地心理，但 是一次偶然地时机，作者接触到了尊巴，这种舞蹈使作者克服了对运动地恐惧，并且使身体 获得了健康。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：从很小的时候起，我爸爸就强迫我从事十几项运动。A. expected期待;B. allowed 允许；C. forced 强迫,迫使;D. invited 邀请。根据 I didn't like any of them 可知,作 者不喜欢这些运动，都是爸爸强迫他做的。应选C。【22题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：不过，我一项也不喜欢。A. therefore因此；B.though尽管;C. instead 反而,代替；D. besides此外。上文提到作者从小就接触了很多项运动,再结合I didn't like any of them可知，上下文形成转折关系。应选B。【23题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：当我进入Regina大学时，我爸爸一直对我说：“你必须找到保持身材的 方法或者“你不想让一个新生重15磅，是吗？ A. avoided防止；B. risked冒险；C. regretted懊悔；D. kept 保持。根据"You dorft want to get the Freshman 15, do you?"可知，此处表示爸爸不停地叮嘱作者要保持体重。应选D。【24题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：当我进入Regina大学时，我爸爸一直对我说：“你必须找到保持身 材的方法或者“你不想让一个新生重15磅，是吗？ A. in shape在外形上，处于良好状态; B. for fun开玩笑地，为了好玩；Cat ease安逸，自在；D. on business因公，出差办事。根据"You don't want to get the Freshman 15, do you?4"可知，此处表示要保持体形。应选 A。【25题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：所以我决定尝试一下游泳，但在秋季学期，我只去了两次游泳池。A. refused拒绝;B.happened发生；C.bothered使烦恼；D.decided决定。由于爸爸不停地叮嘱, 作者决定尝试游泳来保持体形。应选D。【26题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：所以我决定尝试一下游泳，但在秋季学期，我只去了两次游泳池。A. hardly 几乎不；B. merely仅仅；C. constantly； D.gradually逐渐地。But前后为转折关系,上文提到作 者决定通过游泳来保持体形，此处表示只去了两次。应选B。【27题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：更糟糕的是，我满足于说服自己“好吧，没关系。 A. eager渴望的;B. content 满足的；C. embarrasses 为难的;D. disappointed 失望的。根据“Yeah, that's OK."可 知，作者对自己地现状表示满足。应选B。【28题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：一天，我的一个朋友建议我，问我是否想和她一起去尊巴舞。A. teased 嘲笑；B. comforted 抚慰;C. approached 建议，接近；D. annoyed 使厌烦。根据 I went, and that wasit.可知，朋友建议作者去跳尊巴舞。应选C。【29题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：听起来不太糟，但我不能肯定。A. happy开心的；B.proud骄傲的； C. careful 小心的；D. sure 确定的。根据上文 All I knew about Zumba was that it was basically exercise dancing to Latin and pop songs可知，作者对尊巴舞不太了解,因此此处表示不确定。 应选Do【30题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：尊巴成了我的最爱。A. cup杯子；B.part局部；C.share一份，份额； D.mouth嘴巴。One's cup of tea为固定短语,意为“钟爱地事物，恰合口味。应选A。【33题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这消除了我对体育运动的恐惧。A. curiosity好奇心；B.passion激情;C. scare害怕;D.confidence自信。根据上文due to my fear of sports可知，此处对应地信息词 使fear （害怕）。应选C。32题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：我不必事事完美。A. perfect完美的;B. enthusiastic热情的;C. adorable 可爱的,讨人喜爱的;D. ambitious有雄心的。根据I didn't even have to be good可知,作者觉 得不必事事完美。应选A。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：我只需要感受音乐，动起来。A. accept接受；B. feel感觉；C. display 陈歹U, 展示；D. compare 比较。 根据 Don't worry about the steps. Have fun. Do your own thing. 可知，指导员教导作者不必在意其他的东西，因此只要感受音乐动起来即可。应选B。【34题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：尊巴确实把我从一年级新生的15磅重中拯救了出来，但它的作用还不 止这些。A. witness目击，见证；B. separate使分开，使别离；C. discourage使泄气；D. save 拯救，节省。根据but it also did so much more可知，尊巴舞帮助作者防止了增重15磅。应选 Do【35题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：它让我用身体的健康与不愉快的过去和解，享受健康。A. trouble麻烦; B. sense感觉，意识;C. peace和平;D. contact联系。Make peace with为固定短语，意为“与言归于好。应选C。第二节语法填空(共10小题；每题L5分，总分值15分)阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In June,China's last satellite of its BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)was launched into orbimarking the completion of the whole system.In ancient China,people used the Big Dipper, 36 is known in Chinese as"beidou qixing," to navigate.China's navigation satellite system 37 name)after"Beidou"r , which carries themeaning of'pointing out the right direction."China started constructing the BeiDou Navigation Satellite Experimental System(BDS-l)back in 1994,and now it consists of 55 satellites and can provide services worldwide.38 (compare)with other satellite navigation systems,the BDS operates more satellites in high orbit,and transmits navigation signals at more frequencies.These features enable better more accurate services.Apart 39 navigation,the BDS also provides diverse services,such as short message communication,and free international search and rescue 40 (assist).The BDS has been applied in transportation,agriculture and other traditional fields.As 41 open system featuring shared benefits,the BDS has been seeking to serve a42 (wide)range of countries and international organizations.BDS-related43(product),as is reported,are now being used in more than 120 countries andregions.Projects based on the BDS for precision farming,smart port construction and digitalconstruction have been carried out in many countries across Asia,Europe and Africa.China is also44 (active)communicating with Russia and European countries 45 (improve)the compatibility of the BDS so that it can better serve its global users.【答案】36. whichis named37. Comparedfrom 40. assistance41. an 42. widerproducts43. activelyto improve【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了中国最后一颗北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)卫星发射进入轨道，正式 运行，作为一个以利益共享为特征的开放系统，将致力于效劳于更多的国家和国际组织。【36题详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在中国古代，人们用北斗七星来导航。空格前 句子以逗号 结尾，且空格所在的句子对前面句进行补充说明，那么空格所在的句子是一个非限制性定语 从句，从句缺少主语，先行词是the Big Dipper,指物，故填关系代词which。【37题详解】考查被动语态。句意：中国的导航卫星系统以“北斗命名，意为“指明正确的方向。name after：以命名，此句描述的是一个事实，且主语navigation satellite system与name之间是被 动关系，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。故答案为is named。【38题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他卫星导航系统相比，BDS在高轨道运行更多的卫星，并以更多 的频率传输导航信号。分析句子结构，可知空格所在的局部是句子的状语，非谓语动词的复 合结构可以作句子的状语，BDS与compare是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词，此处作比较 状语。故答案为Compared。【39题详解】考查固定短语。句意：除了导航之外，该系