轻松学习宾语从句.docx
轻松学习宾语从句要学好宾语从句，首先要明确什么是宾语从句以及宾语从句可分为哪些类型。宾语从句是 指在句中起宾语作用的从句，可分为动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从 句。 根据引导词的不同，宾语从句又可分为以附属连词that引导的宾语从句、附属连词whether或that 引导的宾语从句和疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句。教学中，要牢记“两三二一、宾语从句的三种类型(一)that引导的宾语从句1 .当宾语从句是巾陈述句转换而来时，引导词用that,无实际意义，口语和非正式文 体中 常可省略。例如：Lucy is glad that her mother will buy an Mp4 for her.She knows (that) she should study hard.2 .主句谓语是wish等。例如：I think that they will come back on time.I hope that you will help us.3 .主句的谓语动词是“be+afraid等形容词”构成的复合谓语。例如：r m afraid that I can* t come back on time.They* re pleased that they have once again overcome the difficulty.(X) whether或if引导的宾语从句1 .由一般疑问句转换来的宾语从句，引导词用if/whether,意为“是否。也就是if/whether 引导的从句原为一般疑问句，变为宾语从句后，语序由原来的疑问语序变为 陈述语序。例如：r m not sure if / whether it wi 11 be sunny tomorrow.Our teacher asked us if /whether we had finished all our homework.2 .只能用whether而不用if的情况。例如：I don't know whether to go to the park.(接带 to 的动词宾语从句时)She is thinking of whether she should play football.（弓| 导介词的宾语从句时）I don* t know whether or not he wi 11 come on time.（与 or not 连用时）We* re now discussing whether we should have a class meeting.（在动词 discuss 后面的宾语从句 中）Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I don* t care.（宾语从句提前时只能用 whether） （三）含疑问意义的连接词引导的宾语从句由特殊疑问句转换而来的宾语从句，原来的特殊疑问词转化成宾语从句的引导词（特殊 疑 问词即连接代词或连接副词）。1 .由连接代词引导的宾语从句。宾语从句可由连接代词what, who, whom, which等引导，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、 宾 语、定语和表语，不能省略。例如：What does he say? I wanted to know.（合并为一个宾语从句）I wanted to know what he said.2 .由连接副词引导的宾语从句。宾语从句可由连接副词when, where, why,how等引导，它 们在宾语从句中作状语，不可省略。例如：Why didn* t he come? I don* t know,（合并为宾语从句）I don* t know why he didn* t come.注意：how old, how many, how much, how long, how soon 等也可引导宾语从句。二、宾语从句三注意（-）语序一般情况下，宾语从句要用陈述语序，但疑问词作主语的句子变成宾语从句后，其语序 不 再发生变化。例如：Will you tell me what was wrong with your brother? （what 作主语语序不再发生 变化）I don* t know where she is.（语序用陈述语序）（二）时态1.如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，那么宾语从句的时态可用任意时态，也就是根 据具体情况确定。例如：I don11 know why he didn* t come.I am not sure if /whether it will be sunny tomorrow.2,如果主句是般过去时，宾语从句采用相应的过去时态，但如果宾语从句表示的是 客观 事实或普遍真理时，那么用一般现在时。例如：She said that her son went swimming with his good friend.The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.3. could, would等开头的句子如果表示的是委婉的请求，整体语境是一般现在时，宾语从 句可以用任何合适的时态。例如：Could you tell me who he is?Could you tell me how I can get to the hospital?三、宾语从句的否认转移主句谓语动词是表示“想,认为”等意义的动词,如think, believe, imagine, suppose, expect, guess等。主句的主语是第一人称的一般现在时，从句的否认一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问 句般与宾语从句-致。例如：I don* t think they will come back on time.我认为他们不会按时回来。I don* t believe that* s his fault, is it?我认为这不是他的过错，是不是?
