2022届山西省晋城市普通高中高三下学期4月二模考试英语试题及答案.docx

秘密启用前2022届山西省晋城市普通高中高三下学期4月二模考试英语试题祝考试顺利（含答案）本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分,考试时间120分钟。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How much i s the shirt?A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.答案是Co1. Where does the conversat i on take pI ace?A. At Tim's home.B. In a bookstore.C. In a cafe.2. What does the man I ike about the T-shirt?A. The I ove I y co I or.B. The popuI ar sty Ie.C. The coo I p i cture.A. Stay i ndoors.4.How does the manfee I about the news?A. Surpr i sed.B. Unconcerned.C. Sat i sf i ed.5.Why does the mantaIk to the woman?A. To return her card.B. To express thanks.C. To check her pocket.3.What d i d the man i ntend to do today?B. Go for a wa I k. C. Wr i te e-ma i I s.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选 出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题 将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。些不经常吃或喝含有咖啡因的产品的参与者在研究一系列图片5分钟后，要么服用安慰剂，要 么服用咖啡因药片。第二天，两组人都接受了识别前一天学习时照片的能力测试）”可知， 该段主要详细介绍了实验的过程。故选B项。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“However, us i ng these i terns requ i res the bra i n to make a more difficult d i scr imi nat i on-what we ca I I pattern separat i on, wh i ch seems to be the process that i s improved by caffe i ne i n our case.（然而，使用这些物品需要大脑做出更 困难的区分我们称之为模式分离,在我们的例子中，这个过程似乎是由咖啡因改善的。）” 可推断,研究人员使用相似的图片是为了增加区别辨认的难度，从而探究咖啡因是否有助于提 高记忆力。故选c项。10题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容,尤其是“By offer ing caffeine after the study session, we ru Ie out a I I of these effects and make sure that if there i s an improvement, it' s due to memory and nothing e I se.（通过在学习结束后提供咖啡因,我们排除了所有这些影响, 并确定如果有改善,那是因为记忆力,而不是其它。）”可知,这次实验和以往的实验的不同之处 在于，参与者是在看完图片后摄入咖啡因的。故选D项。11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文,尤其是文章第一段uNow, researchers at Johns Hopkins University have found its another use: improv i ng our memory.（现在，约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员 发现了它的另一去用途:提高我们的记忆力用 和第二段“but its particular effect on strengthen i ng memory has never been proved （但它对增强记忆力的特殊作用从未得到证实）” 以及最后段中 “By offer i ng caffe i ne after the study sess i on, we ru I e out a I I of these effects and make sure that i f there i s an i mprovement, it' s due to memory and noth i ng else.（通过在学习结束后提供咖啡因,我们排除了所有这些影响,并确定如果有改善,那是因为 记忆力,而不是其它。）”可推断,文中实验的目的主要是想证明咖啡因对记忆力有积极的影响。 故选D项。DAs gIobaI cI imate change becomes more ser ious, growing crops wi I I be a major chaI Ienge. Mass i ve heat waves and droughts （干旱）are a I ready do i ng harm to farmers:Over the next three decades, Ca I i forn i a5 s San Joaqu i n Vai ley a I one cou I d I ose up to 535, 000 acres of farmi ng I and as a resu11 of the shortage of water suppI i es.Jenn i fer Brophy wants to he Ip so Ive that prob Iem. She5 s an ass i stant professor of bioengineer ing at Stanford, and works on methods that she hopes wi I I be used to change crop spec i es so that they can surv i ve severe cond i t i ons. At present, Brophy i s deve loping new genetic （基因的）engineer i ng techn i ques that can he I p crops surv i ve droughts.I n order to promote pI ants to respond to extreme cI imate, Brophy i s bu i Id i ng what she calls “genetic circuits” . Bes i des changing the genes within pI ant cel Is, th i s method a I so changes how and when those genes are act i vated. I f the pI ant senses a specif ic sugar, it can express one protei n （蛋白质）；if it senses another s igna I, it' I I express a d i ff erent prote i n, kicking off an ent i re I y separate cha i n of events. I f both s i gna I s are there, the p I ant may be ab I e to express someth i ng e I se ent i re I y. uUs i ng c i rcu i ts, you can have p I ants respond i n new ways to a I I these d i fferent i nputs, she says.“Normally, a pI ant doesn5 t necessar i Iy know what5 s comi ng. 11 just knows i f i t5 s hot or temperate r i ght now, 55 says Brophy. Th i s can I ead to prob I ems when weather becomes unstab Ie: A pI ant that usuaI Iy fIowers i n spr i ng may fIower i n wi nter i f there5 re a few unseasonabIy warm days. When temperatures fa I I quickly aga i n, the f I owers d i e and ru i n a year of crops. "It' d be great to be ab I e to commun i cate with p I ants to te I I them, 'Hey, you shou I d wa i t on that f I ower i ng, " she adds.ControI I i ng plants' growth at th i s I eve I i s exciting, but actuaI Iy putt i ng i t i nto pract i ce i s not an easy task. At the moment, Brophy i s test i ng the method i n the Iab us i ng a smaI I weedy pI ant cal led Arab i dops i s. She5 s still i n the process of f i gur i ng out how to act i vate certa i n genes on command.12. Why i s California' s San Joaqu i n Vai ley ment i oned?A. To prove the s i gn i f i cance of growi ng more crops.B. To po i nt out the barr i er to i ncreas i ng water suppI i es.C To show the harmfuI effect of cI imate change on farmi ng.D. To teI I the root cause of more severe globaI cI imate change.13. What i s the expected funct i on of genet i c c i rcu i ts?A. Great i ng warmer I i v i ng conditions. B. I ncreas i ng pI ants5 exposure to nature.C. ControI I i ng plants' growth on demand. D. Mon i tor i ng the prote i n i n the pI ants. 14. What does the text say about Jennifer Brophy5 s research?A. It still has a Iong way to go.B. It is actuaI Iy an easy task.C. 11 has proved successfuI.D. It turns out mean i ng I ess.15. What is the text mainly about?A. A v i ctor i ous batt Ie aga i nst globaI warming. B. A way to he Ip crops surv i ve cI imate change.C. A sc i ent i f i c breakthrough i n b i oeng i neer i ng. D. A new type of crops res i stant to heat waves.【1215题答案】【答案】12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B解析1【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是斯坦福大学的助理教授Jennifer Brophy正在 研究一种方法,她希望可以通过改变植物的基因从而帮助庄稼在恶劣的环境下生存。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据上文“As globa I cI imate change becomes more ser ious, growing crops wi I I be a major cha I I enge. Mass i ve heat waves and droughts （干旱）are a I ready do i ng harm to farmers （随着全球气候变化变得越来越严重，种植作物将是一个重大挑战。大规模的 热浪和干旱已经对农民造成了伤害。）“可推断，文章提到Cal ifornia's San Joaquin Vai ley 是为了说明气候变化给农业带来的有害影响。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 “"Using ci rcuits, you can have p I ants respond i n new ways to a I I these different inputs, 55 she says.（“使用电路，你可以让植物以新的方式对所有这 些不同的输入做出反应，"她说。）”以及第四段“ "It' d be great to be able to commun i cate with p I ants to te I I them, 'Hey, you shou I d wa i t on that f I ower i ng,'" she adds.（她补充道：“如果能够与植物交流，告诉它们'嘿,你应该等它开花。'那将是一件很棒的事情。“）”可知,基因电路的作用是按需控制植物的生长。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 uAt the moment, Brophy i s test i ng the method in the lab us i ng a smaI I weedy pI ant cal led Arab i dops i s. She5 s still i n the process of f i gur i ng out how to act i vate certa i n genes on command.（目前,Brophy正在实验室用一种名为拟南芥的 小型杂草植物测试这种方法。她仍在研究如何在指令下激活某些基因。）”可推断，她的研究 还有很长的路要走。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是文章第二段“At present, Brophy is developing new genet i c （基 因的） engineer i ng techn i ques that can he I p crops surv i ve droughts.（目 前,Brophy正在开发新的基因工程技术，帮助作物在干旱中生存。）”可知，本文主要介绍了一 种帮助庄稼在恶劣的环境下生存下去的科学方法。故选Bo第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。When you fee I down, you are expect i ng to rece i ve support or comfort from yourf r i ends. Your f r i ends fee I the same way. However, i t may be not easy to cheer up your f r i ends whenyoucan5 t be by the i r s i de. 16Ask i f there5s anyth i ng you can do to he I p. Di fferent peop I e preferto becomfortedi n d i fferentways. Ask i f there5 s anyth i ng spec i f i cyoucan do tohe Ipyourf r i ends.7While you5 re talking on the phone,saysometh i ngI i ke,"WhatcanI do to help? 15 m a I ways here i f you need anyth i ng.18 Th i s simple gesture can reaI Iy br i ghten your fr i ends5 day. If your fr iends are in need of comfort, send them frequent reminders that you5 re thinking of them. Share something that reminded you of them. It wi I I Iet your fr iends know that they5 re still important in your I ife even if they5 re far away.L i st why you th i nk they5 re spec i a I.19 Send them a I i st of a I I the reasonswhy you th i nk they5 re amaz i ng. Whether i t be the i r k i nd and compass i onate （富有同 '情心的）nature, the i r sense of sty I e, or the i r ab i I i ty to f i nd the coo I est mus i c, te I I them why you are so gratefu I to know them. After read i ng what you have I i sted, theywi I I fee I encouraged.Send them a gi ft. Surpr i se them with someth i ng speci a I to make thei r day. Arrange for f I owers to be de I i vered to the i r apartment or ma i I them one of the i r favor i te a I bums.20 A homemade gift, I ike a knitted （针织的）scarf or a piece of artwork, wi I I I i ft the i r spirits a I I the same.A. Send a gift to them to ceIebrate thei r success.B. Thankfully, there are many ways you can he Ip.C. Therefore, you can visit them to cheer them up.D. Text them to Iet them know they5 re on your mind.E. You don5 t have to go a I I out i n terms of spend i ng.F. If they5 ve been down on themseIves I ate Iy, they may need a remi nder.G. The quest i on a I one wi I I show you care, and they wi I I apprec i ate your k i nd offer. 【1620题答案】【答案】16. B 17. G 18. D 19. F 20. E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是当远方的朋友需要安慰或鼓励的时候，你该如 何给予他们关心呢？本文给出了一些建议。【16题详解】根据空前“However, it may be not easy to cheer up your fr iends when you can5 t be by their side.（然而，当你不能陪在朋友身边时，让他们高兴起来可能并不容易。）”及下文提到 的几个方法可知，选项B "Thankfu I I y, there are many ways you can he Ip.（值得庆幸的是， 有很多方法可以帮助你。）”承上启下，符合题意。故选B。【17题详解】根据空前 “Ask i f there5 s anyth i ng spec i f i c you can do to he I p your f r i ends.（问问 你的朋友是否有什么特别的事情你可以做来帮助他们。）”可知，作者建议你主动询问朋友是否 需要帮助。 选项 G “The quest i on a I one wi I I show you care, and they wi I I apprec i ate your kind offer.（这个问题本身就会显示出你的关心，他们也会感谢你的好意。）”中的“the question”与上文一致。故选G。【18题详解】此空为段首空。根据下文“If your fr iends are in need of comfort, send them frequent remi nders that you5 re th i nk i ng of them. Share someth i ng that remi nded you of them.（如 果你的朋友需要安慰，经常提醒他们你在想念他们。分享一些让你想起他们的事情。）”可知， 本段指的是与朋友保持联系。选项D uText them to I et them know they5 re on your mi nd.（给 他们发短信，让他们知道你在想他们。）”符合题意,与下文一致。故选D。【19题详解】根据下文 “Send them a list of all the reasons why you think they5 re amazing.（给他 们发一份清单，列出你认为他们很棒的原因。）”以及本段最后一句"After reading what you have I i sted, they will feel encouraged.（读完你所列出的原因，他们会感到受到鼓舞。）” 可知，这里指的是朋友心情不好，低落的时候你该怎样做。选项F "If they' ve been down on themselves lately, they may need a reminder.（如果他们最近情绪低落，他们可能需要提醒。” 符合题意，与上下文一致。故选F。20题详解】根据空前 uAr range for f I owers to be de I i vered to the i r apartment or ma i I them one of their favorite a I bums.（送花到他们的公寓，或者寄给他们一本他们最喜欢的相册。）”可知 此时可买礼物送给朋友。再根据下文“A homemade gift, I ike a knitted （针织的）scarf or a p i ece of artwork, wi I I I i ft the i r spirits a I I the same.（一件自制的礼物，比如一条 编织的围巾或一件艺术品，同样会振奋他们的精神。/可知,礼物无需多贵，心意到了就可以。选项 E “You don5 t have to go a I I out i n terms of spend i ng.（在支出方面，不必倾尽所有。）“与上下文一致。故选E。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和DUi个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I was driving my 5-year-old son home when I saw a home I ess man i n the med i an str i p （中央分隔带）in the road.I wanted to g i ve the man some 21, but I didn' t have any cash. My son22the man as we I I and he i ns i sted that I give the man the 30 cents he had.It seemed that he had read my 23 and he responded out Ioud.I was more than 24 that he wanted to he I p, but honest I y, I was 25.I d i dn5 t want to give just 30 cents to th i s man who c I ear I y 26 more he I p.My own pr i de and 27 over the home I ess man' s d i sappo i nted react i on to 28 just two co i ns stood i n the way.I quickly rea I i zed that I was the on I y 29 i n the s i tuat i on and that the traff i c I i ght wou I d turn green soon. I then thought to myse I f, u 15 ve been teach i ng h i m about 30 others and now that he wants to gi ve everyth i ng he can 31 ,I shouIdn5 t let my persona I self-centeredness 32 th i s act of kindness.”I a I most to I d my son, "Let' s wa i t to 33unt i I we at I east have one dol lar.I almost told my son that what he had wasn5 t 34. I almost showed him thatwhat he saw as a good th i ng cou I dn5 t make a 35 i n someone5 s I i fe. I a I most taught him that persona I 36 was more important than helping another human.37, I quickly got r i d of that fooI i shness.I then roI led down the window and said to the man,m sorry. I don5 t have any cash on me, but my 5-year-oId son back in the 38 wants to gi ve you everything he has r i ght now.To my 39, the smile on that man* s face I it up the i ntersect i on. The on I yth i ng that matched the my boy5 s face.40of that stranger5s smile was the bigger smile on21. A. equ i pment22. A. comforted23. A. apology24. A. happy25. A. thr i I I ed26. A. needed27. A. advantage28. A. owing29. A. p I an30. A. helpingB. i nformat i onB. taughtB. mindB. confusedB. hes i tantB. rejectedB. worryB. donat i ngB. changeB. forg i v i ngC. moneyC. not i cedC. orderC. angryC. d i sappo i ntedC. over IookedC. cur iosityC. rece i v i ngC. resultC. followingD. adv i ceD. attractedD. futureD. ashamedD. re I i evedD. assessedD. controID. I end i ngD. prob IemD. to I erat i ng31. A.abandonB.32. A.preserveB.33. A.giveB.34. A.enoughB.35. A.messB.36. A.k i ndnessB.37. A.Unfortunate I y B.38. A.bankB.39. A.horrorB.40. A.d i sappearance B.【2140题答案】【答案】21. C 22. CrecordC.promoteC.escapeC.rea IC.cho i ceC.pr i deC.ThankfuI IyC.garageC.embarrassment C.chaI IengeC.23. B 24. Aach i eve forget fight simple d i fference generos i ty Initial Iycarsadness pressure25. B 26. AD. offerD. ru i nD. dr i veD. worth I essD. wi shD. successD. Casua I I yD. roadD. surpr i seD. br i ghtness27. B 28. C 29D 30. A 31. D32. D 33. A34. A 35. C36. B 37. B 38. C39. D 40. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在开车载儿子回家的路上看到了一个无家可归的人，作者想 给他一些钱,但是作者没有现金。5岁的儿子提出将自己身上仅有的30美分给那个人，但是作 者觉得30美分太少,一直犹豫不决。最终作者经过一系列的内心挣扎后将30美分现金给了那 个无家可归的人。令作者意想不到的是,那个人和作者儿子都感到无比开心。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想给那个人一些钱，但是我身上没有现金。A. equipment设备； B. information信息;B money钱;D. advice建议。根据后半句中的cash,以及后一句"My son 2 the man as we I I and he i ns i sted that I g i ve the man the 30 cents he had.（我 儿子也注意到了那个人,他坚持让我把他身上的30美分给那个人）”可知,设空处应填moneyo 故选C项。22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我儿子也注意到了那个人,他坚持让我把他身上的30美分给那个人。 A. comforted 安慰；B. taught 教；C. noticed 注意；D. attracted 吸引。根据第一段“I was driving my 5-year-o I d son home when I saw a home I ess man i n the med i an str i p （中央分隔带）in the road.（我开车载5岁的儿子回家，这时我看到一个无家可归的人在路上的中央 分隔带区）”，可推断,作者和他的儿子都注意到了隔离带区的那个人。故选C项。23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他似乎看透了我的心思,还大声地回应了我。A. apology道歉；B. mind 心灵；C. order 命令；D. future 未来。根据前文“I wanted to g i ve the man some 1 , but I didn' t have any cash. My son 2 the man as we I I and hei ns i sted that I give the man the 30 cents he had.（我想给那个人一些钱,但是我身上没 有现金。我儿子也注意到了那个人,他坚持让我把他身上的30美分给那个人。）”可知,儿子注 意到了那个人,也注意到作者想帮忙却心有余力不足,所以儿子坚持拿出自己的钱,用行动来帮 助作者，也帮助那人。所以，read one5 s mind,意