武汉大学综合教程(2版)I U5 Text1 大纲词汇&重点词汇释例&练习释疑.docx

An Integrated English Course (2nd Edition) Book 1Unit 5Text 1 How to Be True to Yourself大学英语课程教学要求（积极词汇用红色及下划线标出）一般要求（4级）词汇：demonstrate忱证明，论证；显示，表明，说明；展示，示范，演示；示威integrity n.正直，诚实；完整morality n.道德；道德标准；道德体系ethic九伦理，道德；伦理观，道德规范ethics比伦理学；伦理观，道德规范；（某一行业）行为准则；行为标准inner adj.内部的，里面的；内心的，内在的：思想的或精神的scarce adj. insufficient to meet a demand or requirement; short in supply 缺乏的， 不能满足需求或耍求的，供应匮乏的principle n.原则，原理conviction几.深信，确信；信念：不变的或坚定的信仰surgeon九外科医生surgery n. 外科 surgical adj.ensure vt.确保，使必然发生sponge n.海绵，（外科用的）棉球，纱布credit几赞许，荣耀；赊购货物；信任，信用；学分appoint H任命，委派；约定，指定（时间，地点）nest 巢，窝；（能叠放在一起的）一套物件v.筑巢；重叠放置或把一个放在另一个里;（使） 相互嵌套nesting n.嵌套/ adj.progressive 咽.渐进的，逐渐的dwarf几矮子，侏儒giant n.巨人core n.果核；核心；基础或最重要的部分；（事物的）本质external adj.外部的，外界的，外在的inevitable adj.不可避免的，必然的preserve卜保护使免于损害，保护（动植物等）；保存，保藏，腌制（肉等），把做成蜜饯，防（尸体等）腐烂；保持完好，维持不变challenge n. / v.挑战conscience n.良心， 道德心， 良知enrich u使富裕，使丰富，充实seduce v. lead away from duty, accepted principles, or proper conduct 诱惑;弓I诱; 诱,误入 歧途 seductive adj.较高要求（6级）词汇：更高要求词汇：motto座右铭，箴言siren九希神海妖塞壬；迷人的美女，妖妇；警报器，警报词组：in between: in an intermediate situation 在之间，在中间的状况e.g. My roommates disagreed and I was caught in between.我被夹在中间进退两难ciba in-between n.介乎中间的事物；中间道路，折衷；中间人sell out出卖(朋友)，背弃(原则)；售完be relative to: be related / connected to 和有关系；随为转移at hand在附近；即将到来；在手边in short supply供应不足；短缺，缺货bottom line帐本底线，盈亏一览结算线：在财务报表中用此线标明净收益或净损失；要点 或关键之处，底线demand sth. of sb.向.要求；向索取 stand for支持，拥护；代表，象征，意味着 in the face of面对，在面前；不顾，不管 account for说明，做出解释，提出理由；导致，引起，是的原因 back down退却；让步，放弃(原来的立场、主张、要求等) core values核心价值观engage in 常用被动语态从事，着手，忙于cover up 掩盖，掩饰 cover-up n.succumb to: submit to; give in to 屈月艮；屈从；死于win the day得胜，成功rearview mirror (汽车等的)后视镜Other Words and Expressions for Your Referenceexpediency n.私利，自身利害；便利，权宜之计triad n. a group of three 三个组合rookie n.新手，新兵，新队员rightful adj.正当的，合法的，理应享有的facade n.建筑物的正面，外表Language Work1. Difficult sentencesintegrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and that is not relative to the situation at hand. (Para. 2)Paraphrase: . integrity means that one should have a set of moral principles that one does not betray for the purpose of gaining advantages or personal benefits and that is not affected by any external circumstances.正直诚信意味着具备一套个人的伦理道德标准，这套个人行为准则不能因个人利害或便利 权益而背弃，也不为眼前的形势所左右。1) But it is the real bottom line in every area of society. (Para. 2) 但它却是社会各个领域的真正底线。bottom line: fundamental principle / qualityStand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure. (Para. 4) 在个人遭受压力时，要牢牢坚持自己的信仰。stand firmly for: firmly adhere to conviction: firm and sincere beliefin face of: in spite ofWhen you know you are right, you can't back down. (Para. 8)Paraphrase: When you know you are right, you can*t give up your standpoint or effort halfway under external pressure.当你知道自己是正确的时候，就不能退缩。2) Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. (Para. 9)Paraphrase: Always be ready and willing to give approval or praise to other people who deserve it. 应该常常给予别人他们应得的肯定和赞扬。3) Be honest and open about what you really are. (Para. 12)Paraphrase: Be your true self, without hiding or covering up any unpleasing aspects in your life. 真诚、坦率地面对真实的自己。4) People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors. (Para. 12)那些缺乏真正的根本价值观的人依赖于外因core values: fundamental moral principles 核心价值观Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this faqade. (Para. 12) 他们不可避免地竭尽所能来维护这个外表。preserve: maintain unchanged or intact 维持不变fagade: outward appearance 建筑物的正面；外表Don 1 engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasing in your life. (Para. 13) 不要设法掩盖你生活中令人不快的方面。engage in: be involved in, be occupied with 从事，参力口，忙于cover-up: covering up; concealingWhen its tough, do it tough. In other words, face reality and be adult in your responses to life s challenges. (Para. 13)Paraphrase: face reality squarely (诚实直率上也)and boldly, respond to life's challenges and in a mature, suitable manner.艰难时刻要顽强。换言之，要正视现实，以成熟的心态应对生活的挑战。5) Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. (Para. 14)Paraphrase: . for improving and developing your relationships with others自尊和问心无愧是构成正直诚信的重要组成部分，也是增进你与他人关系的基础。6) A life of principle, of not succumbing to seductive sirens of an easy morality, will always win the day. (Para. 15)如果能在生活中坚持原则，抵制住放松道德标准的诱惑，就总能获得成功。succumb to: yield to , give in toseductive sirens of an easy morality: the lure of the use of methods that bring the most immediate benefits, based on practical rather than moral considerationswin the day: be successful, gain victoriesIt will take you forward into the 21st century without having to check your tracks in a rearview mirror (Para. 15)Paraphrase: . unnecessaty to look back and examine the footmarks we have left behind.2. Words and ExpressionsLanguage Workmotto: a short sentence or a few words taken as the guiding principle of a person, of a school, of an organization, etc.座右铭，箴言Olympic Motto: Swifter, Higher, StrongerWuhan University's motto 校训：get bestirred, develop perseverance, aspire after truth and blaze new trails.demonstrate v.1) prove or make clear a fact, esp. by reasoning or providing examples 证明； 论证e.g. Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.2) reveal or show clearly清楚细致地显示，表明，说明e.g. His curiosity and information about the position he is seeking demonstrate his sincerity and potential in the job.对所求职位的好奇心和所了解的有关信息展示了他的诚恳和工作潜力to show or describe how to do something or how something works 展示，示范，演示e.g. The salesperson plugged in (插上插头以接通电源)and demonstrated how to use the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器).3) vi. to participate in a public march 示威e.g. They demonstrated against tax increase.demonstration n.sell outsell all of what was for sale 全部售出，售完sell out (of) e.g. We've completely sold out of those shirts in your size, sir.1) be disloyal or unfaithful to one' s principle or friends 出卖(朋友)，背弃(原则) sell (sb.) out (to) e.g. The officer was charged with selling out to his enemy.expediency (= expedience)being useful or helpful for a purpose, esp. one 's own purpose or advantage, although not necessarily morally correct 私利，自 身利害e.g. The government operates on the basis of political expedience, not of principle.1) something used to meet an urgent need 权宜之计e.g. In short, the path of peaceful development taken by China is by no means an expediency. Rather, it is a fundamental choice and solemn commitment made by the Chinese government and people.总之，坚持走和平发展道路，不是权宜之计，而是中国政府和人民的郑重选择与庄严承诺。at handnear in place or time, about to occur在附近；即将到来e.g. He lives close at hand.I could no longer doubt that a possibly fatal crisis was at hand.我不再怀疑，一场可能是毁灭性的危机近在咫尺了。1) within reach 在手边e.g. When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary close at hand.Compare:in hand: in one? s possession and available for use 在手头，现有；在掌握中；在控制中 e.g. I still have some money in hand.on hand: close by and ready when needed 在场； 可用 e.g. Our staff are always on hand to help.by hand: done or made by a person rather than a machine 用手，人工完成e.g. We had to wash our clothes by hand.ensure: (AmE insure) make sth. certain to happene.g. All the necessary steps had been taken to ensure their safety.Take a taxi if you want to ensure that you catch the plane.Compareinsure: to guarantee monetary compensation in case of loss 给保险e.g. We insured the instrument for five thousand dollars.assure: to tell someone that something will definitely happen or is definitely true so that they are less worried向保证，使确信,使放心e.g. I can assure you of the reliability of the news.They assured us that the train would be on time.account forgive a satisfactory explanation for 说明，做出解释,提出理由 e.g. How do you account for all the accidents in series?你怎么解释这接二连三地发生的事故呢？There is no accounting for taste.萝卜白菜，各有所爱。1) be the cause or origin of导致，引起，是的原因 e.g. Bad weather accounted for the long delay.2) to form a particular amount or part of something 占e.g. Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US population.back down: accept defeat in an argument, opinion, or claim; admit that one was wrong; to give up one's original stand, etc.退却；让步,放弃(原来的立场、主张、要求等)e.g. Both sides have refused to back down.Local residents have forced the local council to back down from / on its plans to build a nightclub in the city center.creditpublic approval or praise given to sb. because of sth. he has done 赞许; 荣耀 e.g. They never give Gene any credit for all the extra work he does.Credit for this win goes to everybody in the team. 功劳belief or trust in the truth or rightness of something 信任，信用 e.g. Do you place any credit in the government's story?1) a system of buying goods or services and paying for them later 赊购货物e.g. If you can't afford to pay cash, buy the furniture on credit.What's the credit limit on your Visa card?2) a unit of study so certified 学分rightful: in accordance with what is just, right or legally correct 正当的，合法的,理应享有的 e.g. He is the rightful owner of the house.The legacy is rightfully yours; she always intended you to have it.Compare:righteous: morally upright 正直的； 正当的，正义的e.g. a righteous woman 正直的女人a righteous judgmentcover-up: an attempt to prevent the public discovering information about a serious crime or mistakee.g. I also want to ask what the State Quality Supervisory Administration has to say about their negligence and cover-up?我还想问一下国家质监总局：你们对你们的失职与隐瞒，何以解释？conscience: an inner sense that is conscious of the moral rightness or wrongness of one's behavior or intentions良心，良知，道德心，是非之心e.g. I have a guilty conscience about not telling her the truth. 良不安I haven't done anything wrong. - I have a clear conscience. 问心、无'傀according to one's conscience 凭 良心succumb to:1) stop opposing; to give in (to greater force or strength, a desire, etc.) 屈从，月艮从e.g. The government has succumbed to pressure from the press.He succumbed to the temptation and stole the purse.2) die because ofe.g. About 400,000 Americans succumb each year to smoking-related illnesses.Notes to Exercises of Text 1Vocabulary ExercisesIV. Synonymsmorality ethicsmoralitythe rightness or pureness of behaviour 道德:符合道德规范之状态1) standards, principles of good behaviour 道德标准a system of ideas of right and wrong conduct 道德体系 e.g. religious morality Christian moralityethics(with sing, v.) the study of questions about what is morally right and wrong 伦理学1) a set of principles of right conduct 伦理观，道德规范moral soundness合乎伦理道德3) the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession:(某一行业)行为准则；行为标准e.g. medical ethics医德morality ： principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviourethics: the moral principles governing or influencing conduct道德是日常用语，而伦理更偏于学术用语、哲学用语。2. demand askdemand1) ask for sth. forcefully, in a way that shows that a refusal is not expected; to claim as if by right (+ n.): The car workers' union is demanding a 7% pay rise.(+ speech): “Where are you going?” demanded the policeman.(+ to infinitive): She demanded to see the manager.(+ that): The librarian demanded that he return the book.2) need sth., such as time, efforts, or a particular quality; need or require in order to be successful e.g. It is a difficult piece to play - it demands concentration.He seems to lack many of the qualities demanded of (= needed by) a successful politician.3. genuine realgenuine： not being imitated or counterfeitreal： refers to physically existent thingspreserve save conservepreservekeeping something that is valuable exactly as it is, without change and even without using it at all保护使免于损害，保护(动植物等)；保存，保藏，腌制(肉等)，把做成蜜饯，防(尸体等) 腐烂e.g. to preserve the old castle and other places of historic interest 保护古城堡和其它古迹to preserve forests 保护森林Ice helps to preserve food.保存食物。to preserve eggs in salt 腌蛋cause a condition to last; to keep unchanged 保持，维持不变e.g. to preserve public order 维持公共秩序to preserve family harmony 维持家庭和睦save: rescue something with a sense of great urgencyconserve1) to use carefully or sparingly, avoiding waste 节约，避免浪费：e.g. to conserve energy 节约能源to protect from loss or harm; preserve 保存，保护使不受损害e.g. to conserve our national heritage 保护我们的民族遗产