八年级Unit 8【重难点突破】-2021-2022学年初中英语上册期中和期末重要知识点和语法考点复习（人教版）.docx

八年级Unit 8-2021-2022学年初中英语上册期中重要知识点和语法考点复习(人教版)Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?一、重要知识点复习重点单词精讲/.mix(l)mix作及物动词，意为“使混和”。如：If you mix red and white, you will make pink.如果你把红色和白色混合，就会变成粉红色。(2)mixup是由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，意为“弄乱如:Don't mix up the books on the sheif.不要把架子上的书弄乱。(3)mix还可以作名词,意为“混合物”,相当于mixture。如:The physics teacher asked the students to taste the mix.物理老师要学生们尝一尝那个混合物。1. add作动词，意为“加，增加”，常用以下结构：(1) addto意为"把加至IJ”,例如:Don't add fuel to the flames.别再火上浇油了。2. how many与 how much.how many和how much都用来对“数量”进行提问，意为“多少”，前者用来对可数名词进行提问，后接 可数名词复数形式；后者用来对不可数名词进行提问，后接不可数名词。另外，how much还可以直接用于 询问价格。例如： How many books are there on the desk?桌上有几本书？There are five.有五本。 How many weeks are there in a year? 一年有多少个星期？There are fifty-two.有五十二个。 How much is your schoolbag?你的书包多少钱？ It' s 100 yuan. 一百元。How much milk is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少牛奶?There is only a little.只有一点儿。一 How many oranges do we need?我们需要多少个橘子？一 We need three oranges.我们需要三个橘子。一How much sugar do we need?我们需要多少糖？一We need two spoons of sugar.我们需要两匙糖。一How much is your new watch?你的新手表多少钱？l(X)yuan. 100 元。【注意】how much对价格提问，后接be动词时，be动词是单数形式还是复数形式，取决于be之后的名词。 例如： How much are the bananas?这些香蕉多少钱？Two yuan a kilo.两元一公斤。 How much is (he dictionary?这本字典多少钱？ Forty yuan.四十元。重点句型How many bananas do we need?我们需要多少根香蕉？1. How much yogurt do wc need?我们需要多少酸奶？2. I want to make Russian soup for a party on Saturday.我想为周六的派对做罗宋汤。3. Thanksgiving is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn and other good things people enjoy in life. 感恩节是感谢秋天赐予我们的食物以及人们在生活中享受的其他美好事物的时候。4. Families see Thanksgiving as a time to get together and usually celebrate it with a big family meal.（许多）家庭把感恩节视作聚在一起的时节，并且以家庭大聚餐的方式来庆祝它。5. Here is one way to make turkey for a Thanksgiving dinner.这有一种做感恩节火鸡的方法。6. First, mix together some bread pieces, onions, salt and pepper.首先，把面包片、洋葱、盐和胡椒粉混合在一起。7. Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.接下来，用面包混合物填满火鸡。8. Then put the turkey in a hot oven and cook it fbr a few hours.然后，把火鸡放入烤箱并烤上几个小时。9. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.烤好后，把火鸡放在大盘子上并用肉汁覆盖它。10. Finally, cut the turkey into thin pieces and eat the meat with vegetables like carrots and potatoes. 最后，把火鸡切成薄片并且和着蔬菜，如胡萝卜和土豆一起吃。11. Then, make the chicken soup very hot, over 100 C.然后，使鸡汤变热，超过100摄氏度。1. Turn on the blender.12. 启动搅拌器。13. How do you make a banana milk shake?你怎样做香蕉奶昔？14. Now, it' s time to enjoy the rice noodles!啊，该品尝米线了。15. First,Then,Next,Finally/*首先，然后，接下来，最后You can put more if you like.要是你喜欢，你可以放更多。16. This is going to taste great.尝起来会很棒。17. Cut up the bananas.把香蕉切开。18. To make (his special food, you need to have rice noodles.为了制作这种特殊的食物，你需要有米线。19. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.当准备好的时候，把火鸡放在一个大盘子上，然后淋上调味肉汁。20. These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family.现在，大多数的美国人依然通过家人吃大餐的方式来庆祝感恩的这个主意。重点句型精讲I .询问对方是如何做某物的句型How do you make a banana milk shake?你是如何做香蕉奶昔？"How do you make+某物?”用于询问对方是如何制做某物。2. 、描述过程先后的逻辑词First,peel the bananas.首先，剥开香蕉。Next.put banana in the blender.接着,把香蕉放进搅拌器里。Then,pour (he milk into blender.然后，把牛奶倒到搅拌器里。Finally,turn on the blender.最后，开启搅拌器。First., Next., Then., Finally.意思是“首先，接着，然后，最后。常用描述做某件事的先后顺 序的词。3. Then, add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and 后，加入卷心菜,西红柿和洋葱本句中的小en意为“然后”，是副词，then在句子中常侧重于表示下一个动作“在之后"，常与and连用,构成“and then例如：Open the window, and then look out of it.翻开窗户,然后向外看。4. Can you tell me how?你能告诉我怎样制作吗？这是一个省略句，后面只用了一个how,而省略了从句或者动词不定式，因为上文是“I want to make Russian soup for a party on Saturday.”（课本第 58 页，2d）,所以此句的详细写法应该是:Can you tell me how I can make Russian soup? 或者 Can you tell me how to make Russian soup?。5. How do you make a milk shake?（1）这是一个特殊疑问句。疑问词how意为“怎样，如何”，用以对做某事的方法、方式、途径及动作程度 等进行提问，例如：How does the machine work?这台机器运转的怎么样？（2） make在此处意为“做”，后面可以接双宾语（指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语）。通常的结构是： make+间接宾语+直接宾语；make+直接宾语+for+间接宾语。即：make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 例如：She made us coffee. = She made coffee for us.她给我们煮了 咖啡。6. It,s time （for sb） . to do sth.该是（某人）做某事的时间了It,s time （for sb.） to do sth. =It,s time fbr sth.该是（某人）做某事的时间了。Il's time for you to study English.你该学英语了。It's time fbr us to go to school.（Ifs time fbr school.）我们该去上学了。7. give thanks for + 名/代 V-ing "感恩”We should give thanks for our parents.我们应该感谢我们的父母。He gave thanks for life and food.他感谢生命和食物。8. Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a big meal.大多数美国人仍然以饱餐顿来表达感激之情。by +sth./doing :1）以方式I study English by listening to English songs.我通过听英语歌曲来学习英语。2）在的旁边I am sitting by the pool.我坐在游泳池边。3）在之前I have to go to school by 8:00.我必须在8点前去学校。4）搭乘I go to school by bus.我坐公共汽车上学。9 . Here is +可数名词单数“这是”是倒装句Here is a photo of my family.这是我全家福。Here arc+可数名词狂数Here arc some English books.这是一些英语书。当宾语是代词时，不用倒装。如：Here you are.（对）Here are you.（错）10 .forget to do sth.忘记（去）做某事forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事。I forgot to tell him about it.我忘了把这件事告诉他.I forgot to telling him about it.我忘了我告诉过他这件事。二、语法考点复习(一)、可数名词和不可数名词1 .可数名词有单复数变化。当可数名词以单数形式出现时，前面需加冠词(a/an/the)；当需要表达具体 数量时,前面需加数词。例如:I have an apple and two bananas.我有一个苹果和两根香蕉。2 .不可数名词没有单复数变化，当需要表达具体数量时，可用量词短语。例如：I'd like to order a cup of yogurt and two pieces of bread.我想点一杯酸奶和两片面包。3 .可数名词复数前面可以用many, a few, few等修饰；不可数名词前面可以用much, a little » little等 修饰。例如：Many boys and girls think it is fun to read books.很多男孩和女孩认为看书很有趣。Minnie likes to drink a little milk before she goes to bed. Minnie 喜欢在睡前喝点牛奶。另外，可数名词与不可数名词都可以被some, a lot of等修饰,例如:Our teacher comes into the classroom with sonic books / paper in his hands.我们老师手里拿着些书/纸进了教室。(-)祈使句.祈使句祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其 句意，实际上是省略了主语you。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please,可以使句子的语 气更加缓和或客气。(I)祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。如：Peel the apple, please.请削掉苹果皮。(2)祈使句的否认句式，通常在句首的动词原形前加上don匕如：Don't wake me up tomorrow morning.明天早上不要叫醒我。1 .祈使句的类型（1）以动词原形开头的祈使句本课中出现的Turn on the blender.启动搅拌器。Peel the bananas .剥香蕉皮。等都是祈使句。祈使句是一 种表示请求、命令或建议语气的句子。例如：Speak a little more slowly!（表请求）说得稍微慢一点！Go out al once!（表命令）立刻出去！Drink some water and have a good resl.（表建议）喝点水，好好休息。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称you,但通常省略，谓语动词用动词原形。祈使句的否认形式多以Don't +动 词原形构成。在表示客气的请求时，常在句首或句尾加please。例如：Be quiet, please.请安静。Keep your e-mail as short as possible.电子邮件要尽可能写得简短。Don't forget to buy me some milk on your way back.回来的路上别忘了给我买些牛奶。Don't make the same mistake.不要犯同样的错误。【注意】以动词be开头的祈使句变否认句时，不可省略动词be；也不能直接将否认副词not置于动词be 之后。如:Don't be late for school!上学不要迟到!（2）以Let's开头的祈使句Let's make fruit salad.我们做水果沙拉吧。本句是一个祈使句，句式为“Lets do sth.”意为“让我们吧。”主要用来提出建议和请求，劝对方一起做，包括听话者在内。它的否认式是“Let，snot do sth”，意为“让我们不做某事”。例如：Let's play games together.我们一起做游戏吧。Let's not tell anyone.我们谁也别告诉。【注意】“Let us do sth”意为“让/允许我们做某事”，表示提出请求，请对方允许，不包括听话者在内。例如：Let us go with you, my dear mother.亲爱的妈妈，让我们和你一起去吧。（三）“动词+副词''型短语动词本单元出现了很多“动词+副词'型的短语动词，如turn on, turnoff, cut叩等。这类短语动词带宾语时，宾语 如果是名词，既可放在副词前面，也可放在副词后面；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，那么要放在副词前 面。如:There is a basketball game on TV. Please turn it on.电视上有一场篮球赛，请翻开电视。I want to listen to the news. Could you turn on the radio?我想听新闻，你能翻开收音机吗？(2) add to表示”增加;增添“，其中t。是介词，后接名词或代词。例如：Each girl present at the party was wearing a flower in (he hair, which added to their beauty.参加晚会的姑娘人人头上都戴有朵花，使得她们显得愈加漂亮。(3) add up意为“把加起来”。例如：Add up all the numbers and you will see how much you owe me.把所有的数字加起来看看你欠我多少。(4) add up to意为“总计；加起来结果是例如：All the numbers add up to cxactly900.所有数加起来一共 900.3. cut(1) cut是“切,割”的意思,过去式为cut。(2) cut up意为“切碎”cut up意为“切碎”,其同义词组为cut into pieces., cut up后跟代词作宾语时，代词应放在cut和up之间;接名词作宾语时，名词通常放在叩后。例如：cut it(thcm) up把它(它们)切碎cut up the apple = Cut the apple up.把那个苹果切碎4. firstfirst是副词，意为“首先，第一次”，在句中的位置较灵活。例如：When did you first meet him?你是什么时候第一次遇见他？5. nextnext的用法：(1)副词，意为“紧接着；随后；下一次；其次”。例如：When shall we meet next?下一次我们什么时候见面？（2）作形容词，“下一个的；接下来的；隔壁的；（空间上）最近的“。例如：next Sunday下个星期天next week 下周next door隔壁;邻家next room隔壁房间（3）作名词，意为“下一个例如：the year after next 后年Next, please!下一位（4）作介词，意为“在旁边”。例如：a seat next the fire炉了旁边的座位finallyfinally是副词，多修饰动态动词，位置较灵活，可位于句中、句苜或句尾，位于句中时，要放在be动 词、助动词和情态动词之后，行为动词之前。例如：They finally found the lost child.他们终于找到了丧失的孩子。He worked out the math problem finally.他终于解出了那道数学题。5. fill（1） fill表示“装满，填满”，可用作及物和不及物动词，通常与介词with连用。fill A with B用B填充A （强调动作）Everything is filled with new life.万物充满了 生气。He filled the glass with water.他把杯子装满 了 水。（2） A be filled with B = be full of 充满The bag was filled with clothes.袋子里装满了 衣服。The bag was full of clothes.袋子里装满了 衣服。6. piecepiece可数名词，意为“部件，碎片，一件/个/张”。词组“in pieces”意为“碎片，碎块”，其中的in 可以用into替换，更有动感。例如：The glass broke into pieces.玻璃杯被打成 了碎片。What happened? Why is my desk in pieces?发生什么事了?为什么我的桌子散架了？(1) a piece of是piece构成的常用词组，意为“一张、一片、一件“。例如：There is a piece of good news.有一那么好消息。This is a great piece of art.这是一件极好的艺术品。7. serveserve v. 服务 n. service(1) serve + 名/代”提供"The shop serves nice food.serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb.把某物提供给某人，招待某人某物Serve the guests some tea.给客人倒杯茶。Serve some tea to the guests .给客人倒杯茶。(2) serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人”Serve your friends with some vegetables.用蔬菜招待你的朋友。9.coverv.遮盖；覆盖n.遮盖物；盖子（1） cover A with B 用 B 把 A 覆盖A be covered with B A 被 B 所覆盖Ann covered her face with her hands.Ann用手捂住了脸。Ann' s face was covered with her hands.Ann的脸被手捂住了。（2） covern.封面，盖子The cover of the magazine is nice.杂志的封面很漂亮。10.then（1）then作副词，意为“然后、其次、于是“。例如：First conies spring, then summer. 先春天， 后夏天。He went to England, and then to Gennany.他先到了英国，然后去了德国。（2） then作副词，意为“那么”。例如：Then why did you do it?那么你为什么做这件事呢？All right then, do what you like.那好吧，你愿意做什么就做什么。（3） then作名词,意为“那时“（作介词宾语）。例如：by then到那时from then on从那以后since then从那时起till then到那时为止重点单词辨析(1) in和into的区别：in和into都可表示“在(到)里面"，有时可以互换，但侧重点不同。in是表示物体位置的静态介 词；inlo是表示动作方向的动态介词，常与表示动作的动词，如come; go; run; rush等连用；当与put; fall; throw 等动词连用时，二者可以互换。类似的词有on和onio。例如：1 found him in the classroom.我在教室里找到 了他。Please help me carry the books into the classroom.请帮我把这些书搬到教室里去。(2) finally; at last 和 in the end 的辨析：finally强调在列举论点时，引出最后个内容，有表示盼望已久的事情终于实现了的含义。侧重最后的 结果。例如：They talked about it fbr hours, finally they decided not to go.他们为此讨论了几个小时，最后决定不去了。at last强调经过曲折后才到达目的。表示期待的感情更为强烈。侧重指先后顺序，并且在句中的位置较 为灵活。例如：When they found him at last, he was almost dead.当他们最终找到他时，他几乎死过去了。in the end在强调经过许多变化、困难之后才到达目的时，与al last的用法一样，且位置较为灵活。但 在表示对将来的结局表示预测时，只能用in the end。例如：He tried many different jobs, and in the end he became a postman.他做过许多工作，最后当了一名邮递员。重点短语make a milk shake 制作奶昔1. turn on the blender 翻开搅拌机cut up the bananas 把香蕉切碎2. pour the milk into the blender把牛奶倒入搅拌机put. in/into.把放入3. peel three bananas 剥 3 根香蕉one cup of yogurt 一杯酸奶4. two spoons of honey/sugar/salt两匙蜂蜜/糖/盐make vegetable salad 制作蔬菜沙拉5. cook for another 10 minutes=cook for 10 more minutes 再煮 10 分钟one more thing 还有一件事6. popcorn machine 爆米花机器dig a hole 挖洞7. take out a book from the library从图书馆借书put butter on a piece of bread把黄油涂在一片面包上the most traditional food 最传统的食物8. on the fourth Thursday in November在十一月第四个星期四add. to.把力口至IJ9. mashed potatoes 土豆泥pumpkin pie 南瓜饼10. the main dish of the meal 一餐的主菜fill. with.用把装满11. place. on.把放在上cover. with用覆盖12. cut. into thin pieces 把切成薄片serve it to your friends用它来款待你的朋友们cook it at a very high temperature以高温烹饪to make this special food为了制作这特别的食物a pot of hot soup 一锅热汤13. one by one 一个接一个重点短语精讲I .ten more minutes = another ten minutes 另外十分钟 基数词+ more +名词=another +基数词+名词There is ten more minutes left.还有 10 分钟。2. turn onturn on是动副短语，意为“翻开”，反义词为turnoff,意为“关闭”。例如： Please turn on the radio.请翻开收音机。Please tum off the light.请关灯。3. pour .into. pourinto意为”把倒进里”，意义相当于put.into,但pourinto.通常强调倾倒液体;而putinto既可以放液体，也可以放固体。例如：He poured the milk into the cup.他把牛奶倒进杯子里。You must put them into the blender.你得把他们放进搅拌器里。4. put .into.put意为“放，放置”，putinto相当于putin意为"把放进里”。例如:He put that book into the box,他把那本书放进了盒子里。put.into还有”把译成”的意思。例如:Put the sentence into English, please.请把这个句子翻译成英语。5. cover.with.用盖住 其被动语态为:be covered with被 覆盖Cover i( with earlh.用泥土把它盖住。It is covered with earth.它被泥土盖住。重点短语辨析.turn on, turn off, turn up 与 tum down这四个都是由“动词+副词''构成的短语动词，都与电器的开关有关，但lurn on意为“翻开(电灯、水龙头、 煤气等广，turn off意为“关闭；关掉“，turnup意为“开大；调高“，him down意为“关小；调低工 如： ©Don't forget to (urn off the lights when you leave (he room.当你离开房间时，不要忘记把电灯关掉。The radio is too loud. Please turn it down.收音机声音太响了，请调低点音量吧。1 .turn on 与 open 的辨析：lurn on通常指翻开水龙头、煤气或电灯、电视等电器的开关，其对应词为luni off。open指把关着或封着的门、窗、箱子、盒子等翻开，其对应词为close。例如：I want to watch the football match. Please turn on the TV.我想看足球比赛，请把电视翻开。Please open the door for me.请为我开门。