呼吸内科专业英语复习过程.doc

Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。呼吸内科专业英语-呼吸科英语Bronchialasthma支气管哮喘acidosis酸中毒Allergen,allergicreaction变异原，变态反应bloodgasanalysis血气分析Anaemia贫血Alveolar肺泡的antibiotic抗生素Atelectasis肺不张Lungabscess肺脓肿Athroscleroticheartdisease动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonistB2受体激动剂Allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis曲霉菌ARDSacuterespiratorydistresssyndrome急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussionandauscultation叩听诊Pulmonaryarterialstenosis肺动脉狭窄Adrenalglucocorticoid肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy活检Bronchiectasis支气管扩张Fiberopticbronchoscopicbiopsy纤支镜活检BALbronchoalveolarlavage支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitisobliteranswithorganizingpneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy支气管镜检查CCAHDcoronaryarterioscleroticheartdisease冠心病CPRcardiopulmonaryresuscitation心肺复苏CDILDchronicdiffuseinterstitiallungdisease慢性间质性肺病COPDchronicobstructivepulmonarydisease慢阻肺Clubbedfinger杵状指drycough干咳Cyanosis紫绀Nonproductivecough干咳Complication并发症DDyspnea呼吸困难Differentialdiagnosis鉴别诊断Dischargediagnosis出院诊断EEmphysema肺气肿pulmonaryembolism肺栓塞Acidbaseequolibrium酸碱平衡etiology病因学Emphysematous肺大泡Expectoration吐痰Exacerbation加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous外生的FInterstitialpulmonaryfibrosis间质性肺纤维化GGM+GramstainpositiveGm-GramstainnegativeHHypersensitivitypneumonia过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin血红蛋白Hemoptysis咯血Hemorrhage出血HRCThighresolutioncomputerizedtomography高分辨CTHistology组织学Hypoxia缺氧IIdiopathicinterstitialpneumonia特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal气管内的Intravenous静脉内的NNoninvasiveventilation无创机械通气OOSASobstructivesleepapneasyndrome阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonarysecondsound肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia肺炎Pneumothorax气胸PTEpulmonarythromboembolism肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusionratio通气血流比Pleura胸腔积液Primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocationtest激发试验Parenchymal实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonaryedema肺水肿Lobarpneumonia大叶性肺炎2/3Lobularpneumonia小叶性肺炎RMoistrales湿罗音Dryrales干罗音SSaO2saturationinarterialblood动脉血氧饱和度Shortofbreath气短Syncope晕厥Sarcoidosis结节病Segment段TTuberculosis结核病Tachypnea气促Thrombosis血栓TBLBtransbronchiallungbiosy经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy胸腔镜检查UUpperrespiratorytractinfection上呼吸道感染WWheeze哮鸣音其他facilitatingsputumexpectoration排痰releaseofbronchialspasm解痉细菌steptococcuspneumoiae肺炎链球菌staphylococcus葡萄球菌legionella军团菌mycoplasma支原体chlamydia衣原体pneumococcus肺炎球菌video-assistedthoracoscopic-guided'rækskup胸腔镜lungbiopsyopenlungbiopsypleuralbiopsybiopsyofenlargedlymphnodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram(ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Qisotope'aisutup同位素scan(ventilation/perfusionscanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA(MagneticResonanceAngiography,ændi'rfi血管造影术)pulmonaryangiographyDoppler'dpl多普勒USSthighai大腿andpelvis'pelvis骨盆(USS:ultrasoundscanning)cardiacmonitorPSG(polysommography)常见的病名diseasesacuteupperrespiratorytractinfection急性上呼吸道感染commoncold普通感冒influenza流感,influ'enzpharynigitis咽炎pharyngalgiafærin'gældi咽痛acutebroncho-bronchitis急性气管-支气管炎4/14pneumonia肺炎communityacquiredpneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎hospitalacquiredpneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎nosocomicalpneumonia(NP)医院内肺炎bronchiectasis支气管扩张chornicbronchitis慢性支气管炎pulmonaryemphysema肺气肿chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease(acuteexacerbating)AECOPDCOPD急性发作bronchialasthma支气管哮喘allergicrhinitisrai'naitis过敏性鼻炎respiratoryfailure呼吸衰竭lungabscess肺脓肿pulmonarytuberculosis肺结核病lungcancer:肺癌primarybronchogeniccarcinoma原发性支气管肺癌squamous'skweimscellcarcinoma鳞癌adenocarcinoma腺癌'ædnu,k:si'numbronchoalveolarcellcarcinoma支气管肺泡细胞癌smallcelllungcarcinoma（SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonarymetastasis肺转移瘤m'tæstsispulmonaryembolism（PE）肺栓塞pulmonarythromboembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞症,rmbu'emblizmpulmonaryinfarction肺梗死deepvenousthrombosis,DVT深静脉血栓形成empyema脓胸,empai'i:mpneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax脓气胸'paiu,nju:mu':rækschronicsuppurativedisease慢性化脓性疾病'spjurtiv,-reitivcongenitalcyanoticdisease先天性紫绀性心脏病,sai'ntikcorpulmonale肺源性心脏病'k:,pum'nælipulmonaryhypertension肺动脉高压pulmonaryencephalopathy肺性脑病en,sef'lpirightheartfailure;right-sidedheartfailure右心衰竭pulmonaryvasculardiseases肺血管疾病interstitiallungdisease,ILD弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathicpulmonaryfibrosis,IPF特发性肺纤维化,idi'pæikcryptogenic,kriptu'denik隐源性的fibrosingalveolitis,CFA隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connectivetissuerelatedlungdiseases结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemiclupus'lju:ps狼疮erythematosus,SLE系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis皮肌炎sarcoidosis结节病,s:ki'dusisPulmonaryalveolarproteinosis,prutii'nusis,PAP肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathicpulmonaryhemosiderosis'hi:mu,sid'rusis,hem-特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhanscellgranulomatosis朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病'rænju,lum'tusisEosinophilicgranuloma嗜酸性肉芽肿,i:sin'filikHistiocytosisX组织细胞增多症XWegenergranulomatosisWegener肉芽肿extrinsicallergicalveolitis外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis尘肺'nju:m,kuni'usisdrug-inducedlungdisease药物性肺病aspergillosisæ,sp:di'lusis曲菌病：allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis(ABPA)pleuraldisease胸膜疾病broncho-pleuralfistula支气管胸膜瘘'fistjuloralcandidiasis口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮,kændi'daisisosteoporoticbonechange骨质疏松样改变glaucoma青光眼cataract白内障acutelunginjury，ALI急性肺损伤acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria荨麻疹eczema湿疹hypertension高血压diabetes糖尿病beadministered,treatsb.withempirical经验性的,prophylactic,prfi'læktik,pru-预防性,remedialri'mi:dil治疗性Expectorant祛痰药eks'pektrntMucolytics粘液溶解剂,mju:ku'litik常用的药物drugsoragentsbronchodilator支气管扩张剂,brkudai'leitB2-agonists'ænist兴奋剂:short-acting:salbutamol沙丁胺醇sæl'bju:tm(:)llong-acting:salmeterol沙美特罗muscarinic,msk'rinik毒蕈碱样的antagonistsæn'tænist对抗剂:ipratropiumbromide'brumaid异丙托溴胺aminophylline氨茶碱,mi:nu'fili:nsteroids'stirid类固醇inhaled:budesonide布地奈po(per德，os).,beclomethasone,beklu'mesun倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic:prednisolone'pred'nislun强的松hydrocortisone,haidru'k:tizun氢化可的松iv.mastcellstabilizers:cromoglycatesodium色甘酸钠leukotriene,lju:ku'train白三烯receptorantagonists:montelukast孟鲁司特respiratorystimulants:lobeline6/14nikethamideni'kemaid,-mid尼可刹米cardiactonic强心剂diuretics利尿剂,daiju'retikalbumin白蛋白'ælbjuminantitussiveagents镇咳药,ænti'tsivammoniumchloride氯化铵'munjm铵'kl:raid氯化物ambroxol氨溴索（mucosolvan沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施loworhighflowoxygen:nasalcannulae'kænjuli:鼻导管，Venturiven'tjuri文里氏face-masknebulizer'nebjulaiz喷雾器:finerparticlesize(3to20um)allowstracheobronchialdepositionmetereddoseinhaler(MDI)定量雾化吸入器viaintubation,intju:'bein插管，tracheostomy,træki'stmi,trei-气管造口术，tracheotomy,træki'tmi,trei-气管切开术)synchronizedintermittentmandatoryventilation,SIMV同步间歇指令通气pressuresupportventilation,PSV压力支持通气thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术,:rksen'tesischestdrain/drainage引流术chemotherapy化疗radiationtherapy放疗pneumonectomy肺切除术,nju:mu'nektmilobectomyoflung，pulmonarylobectomy肺叶切除术lu'bektmi叶切除术thoracotomy开胸术，胸廓切开术,:r'ktmipleurodesis胸膜剥脱术pleurectomy胸膜切除术pleuraladhesion胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferiorvenacavafilter下腔静脉过滤器cystic'sistik囊性的/varicose'værikus曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样hemoptysisdeviation:tracheaandapex'eipeks尖端shiftcontralaterally对立的旁边CXR:translucencytrænz'lju:snsi半透明+collapse倒塌:visiblerim边缘refractoryorrecurrent周期性的:pleurodesis胸膜固定术,pleurectomyplu'rektmi胸膜切除术,bulla'bul大疱stapling装订orlasering激光常用的化疗药9/14cisplatin顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar(盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel;taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactamantibiotics:inhibitcellwallsynthesispenicillinskintestamoxicillin阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactamsodium哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/clavulanatepotassium替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin头孢菌素类cefradine头孢拉啶cefaclor头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam头孢哌酮/舒巴坦ceftriaxone头孢曲松cefpiramide头孢吡啶ceftazidime头孢他定ceftizoxime头孢唑污carbopenems碳青霉烯类azactam氨曲南meropenem美罗培南imipenemandsodiumcilastatin亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides糖肽类inhibitcellwallassemblyvancomycin万古霉素norvancomycin去甲万古霉素teicoplanin替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibitproteinsynthesisroxithromycin罗红霉素clarithromycin克拉霉素azithromycin阿奇霉素erythromycin红霉素Aminoglycosideantibiotics:氨基糖苷类reno-andototoxicinhibitinitiationandelongationprocessduringproteinsynthesisamikacin阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin庆大霉素streptomycin链霉素Sulfamido磺胺类sulfamethoxazolecompound(SMZ.CO)Quinolones喹诺酮类：inhibitDNAgyrasenorfloxacin诺氟沙星ofloxacin氧氟沙星levofloxacin左氧氟沙星gatifloxacin加替沙星moxifloxacin莫西沙星ciprofloxacin环丙沙星Tetracycline四环素类minocycline美满霉素Nitromidazole硝基咪唑类metronidazole甲硝唑tinidazole替硝唑ornidazole奥硝唑Antitubercularagents抗结核药rifampicin利福平rifapentine利福喷丁isoniazide,isonicotinichydrazideacidINH异烟肼pyrazinamide吡嗪酰胺ethambutol乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycoticdrug抗真菌药nystatin制霉菌素amphotericin两性霉素Bfluconazole氟康唑voriconazole伏立康唑itraconazole伊曲康唑Antivirusagentsribavirin利巴韦林oseltamivir奥司他韦acyclovir阿昔洛韦ganciclovir更昔洛韦valaciclovir伐昔洛韦foscarnetsodium,phosphonoformicacid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine拉米夫定entecavir恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism,microbe微生物bacterium细菌lipopolysaccharide（LPS）脂多糖antibiotics抗生素pyrogen致热原exotoxin外毒素endotoxin内毒素Gramstain革兰染色Colonyformingunit,CFU集落形成单位antibacterialagents抗菌药resistance耐药性ESBLs：extendedspectrumB-lactamases超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA：methicillin-resistantstaphylococcusaureus耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌bacteremia菌血症toxemia毒血症11/14endotoxemia内毒素血症septicaemia败血症pyemia脓毒血症pathogen致病原pathogenicity致病性virulence毒力medianlethaldose(LD50)半数致死量medianinfectivedose(ID50)半数感染量virus病毒replication复制viremia病毒血症normalmicrobiota,microflora,normalflora,physiologicalmicrobiota正常微生物群floradisequilibrium菌群失调dysbacteriosis菌群失调症opportunisticinfection机会性感染conditionedinfection条件致病性感染endogenousinfection内源性感染exogenousinfection外源性感染antimicrobialsusceptibilitytesting药物敏感试验minimuminhibitoryconcentration(MIC)最小抑菌浓度minimumbactericidalconcentration(MBC)最小杀菌浓度disinfection消毒sterilization灭菌asepsis无菌aseptictechnique无菌技术bacteriostasis抑菌antisepsis防腐disinfectant消毒剂bacteriostaticagent抑菌剂bactericide杀菌剂autoclavingorsteamunderpressuresterilization高压蒸汽灭菌法ultravioletradiation,UV紫外线isolationprecaution隔离预防artificialactiveimmunization人工主动免疫vaccination疫苗接种killed/inactivatedvaccine死/灭活疫苗attentuatedlivevaccine减毒活疫苗toxoid类毒素artificialpassiveimmunity人工被动免疫antitoxin抗毒素gammaglobulin丙种球蛋白Staphylococcusaureus金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negativestaphylococci凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcusepidermidis表皮葡萄球菌12/14Streptococcuspneumoniae,pneumococcus肺炎链球菌Viridansstreptococci草绿色链球菌Escherichiacoli大肠埃希菌Klebsiellapneumoniae肺炎克雷伯菌Pseudomonasaeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌Haemophilusinfluenzae流感嗜血杆菌Legionella军团杆菌属Enterobactercloacae阴沟肠杆菌Serratia沙雷菌属Proteusvulgaris普通变形杆菌Acinebacter不动杆菌属Neisseriameningitis,meningococcus脑膜炎链球菌Neisseriagonorrhoeae,gonococcus淋病奈瑟菌Shigella,dysenterybacterium痢疾杆菌Salmonellatyphi伤寒沙门菌Vibriocholerae霍乱弧菌Helicobacterpylori幽门螺杆菌Campylobacterjejuni空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium,acid-fastbacilli分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacteriumtuberculosis,tuberclebacillus结核分枝杆菌Purifiedproteinderivate,PPDOldtuberculin,OTAtypicalmycobacteria非结核分枝杆菌Mycobacteriumleprae麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobicbacterial厌氧性细菌Clostridiumtetani破伤风梭菌Clostridumperfringens产气荚膜梭菌Clostridumbotulinum肉毒梭菌Clostridumdifficile艰难梭菌antibiotic-associateddiarrhea抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranouscolitis假膜性结肠炎Corynebacteriumdiphtheriae白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia耶尔森菌属Brucella布氏菌属Actinomyces放线菌属Treponemapallidum梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venerealdiseasereferencelaboratory(VDRL)Rapidplasmaregain(RPR)Mycoplasmapneumoniae肺炎支原体Chlamydiatrachomatis沙眼衣原体Virusesassociatedwithrespiratoryinfections呼吸道病毒Influenzavirus流感病毒Parainfluenzavirus副流感病毒Respiratorysyncytialvirus,RSV呼吸道合胞病毒13/14Coronavirus冠状病毒Severeacuterespiratorysyndrome,SARSAdenovirus腺病毒Rubellavirus风疹病毒Rhinovirus鼻病毒Enterovirus肠道病毒Rotavirus轮状病毒hepatitisBvirus乙型肝炎病毒EncephalitisBvirus流行性乙型脑炎病毒Hantavirus汉坦病毒Viralhemorrhagicfever病毒性出血热Herpessimplexvirus,HSV单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zostervirus,VZV水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus,CMV巨细胞病毒Epstein-Barrvirus,EBVEB病毒Humanherpesvirus6,HHV-6人疱疹病毒6型Humanpapillomaviruses,HPV人乳头状瘤病毒Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome,AIDSHumanT-lymphotropicvirus,HTLV人T淋巴细胞病毒AdultT-cellleukemia成人T细胞性白血病Rabiesvirus风疹病毒Fungus真菌Yeast酵母Spore孢子Hypha菌丝Dermatophytes皮肤癣菌Trichophyton毛癣菌属Epidermophyton表皮癣菌属Tinea癣Histoplasma组织胞浆菌属Histoplasmosis组织胞浆菌病Saccharomycesalbicans,candidaalbicans白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis念珠菌病Cryptococcusneoformans新生隐球菌Pneumocystiscarinii卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystiscariniipneumonia,PCP卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus曲霉菌Mucor毛霉菌属-