Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications词汇短语讲义--2021-2022学年外研版高中英语必修一.docx

Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications1. contain vt.包含泡括;装有溶纳The book contains twenty pictures.这本书含有20幅图。The classroom can contain 60 people.这个教室可容纳60人。比拟:contain和include的区别（1） contain侧重所含的量与成分。The basket contains a variety of fruits.这个篮子里装有各种水果。This drink doesn5t contain any alcohol.这种饮料不含任何酒精。（2） include侧重于比照整体与局部，指某整体包含或容纳某局部。The money I gave you included Xiao Zhang's.我给你的钱里包括了给小张的钱。This dictionary is 100 Yuan, postage included.这本词典连邮费共一百元。（3） include常以including （名词或代词前）或included （名词或代词后）的形式出 现在短语中，用来举例、解释或补充说明。There are ten of us here, including three girls.=There are ten of us here, three girls included.Everybody has something to say, me included.=Everybody has something to say, including me.2. design vt. & n. 设计The experiment is designed to test the new medicine.实验的目的是试验新药。Who designed the Water Cube?谁设计了水立方？This building is a bad design.这栋楼是一个失败的设计。design for 为设计be designed for/to do 专为而做（设置）by design故意地;有意地3. create vt.创造;创造An artist should create beautiful things.一名艺术家应该创造美丽的东西。The government plans to create more jobs for young people.政府计划为年轻人创造更多的就业机会。比拟：discover, create, invent 和 find 的区别discover指发现，发现的事物是本来存在但没人知道的;create指创造，创造新的事 物;invent指创造，通过研究制造出从前没有的东西;find指找到、发现，强调找到某物的结 果，不强调过程。4. shorten vt.缩短The days shorten in November in this country.在这个国家，白天在十一月会变短。Smoking can shorten your life.吸烟会缩短你的寿命。5. breakdown n.故障;失败；（身体）垮掉I don't know how to deal with the network breakdown.我不知道如何处理网络故障。He couldn't work after his breakdown.他病倒以后，就不能工作了。break down出故障;坏掉;失败;垮掉;把分成假设干局部汾解The machine has broken down.这台机器出故障了。Our car broke down on the motorway.我们的汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.双方谈判失败了。Each lesson is broken down into several units.每一课都分成几单元。Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。6. disadvantage n.不利因素;障碍;不便之处There are disadvantages to the plan.这个计划有诸多不利因素。What is the disadvantage of using water power?使用水能有何弊端？常用搭配：to one's disadvantage 对某人不利7. defense n.保护;防御;保卫defense后接入侵者或造成危害者用against;假设其后接被保护者用of。A thick coat is a good defense against the cold.一件厚外套足可以御寒。People used to build strong walls round their towns as a defense against enemies.人们从前在城镇四周修筑城墙来抵御敌人。This fort was once the main defense of the island.这座堡垒曾经是这个岛上的主要防御设施。常用搭配：in defense of保卫;为辩护They fought in defense of their country.他们为保卫祖国而战。Hundreds of people gave their lives in defense of freedom.千百人为了自由献出了自己的生命。8. average adj.平均的;一般的;普通的(1) average表示“平均的”，通常只能放在名词前作定语，不用作表语，且没有比拟 级。What was the average temperature yesterday?昨天的平均气温是多少？The average age of boys in this class is 15.这个班男生的平均年龄为15岁。(2) average表示“一般的;普通的"，可用作定语，也可用作表语。He is just an average student.他只是一个普通的学生。There was nothing special about the film-it was only average.这部电影没什么特别的，只是一部普通的电影。average n.平均above/below average 平均水平以上/以下on (an/the) average 平均而言;根据平均标准the average of 的平均数an average of (跟数词)平均有注意：the average of作主语，谓语动词用单数，意为"的平均数”;“an average of +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。9. independent adj.独立的;有主见的;分开的Mozambique became independent in 1975.莫桑比克于1975年独立。My elder sister has moved away from home and is now independent.我姐姐已经搬出去住了，现在她独立了。常用搭配：be independent of与不相关的;不受影响的I am old enough to be independent of my parents.我年纪足够大了，可以不依赖父母了。10. consist of 由成consist of常用整体作主语，表示“整体由局部组成”，引申为“包含有”，不能用于被动语 态。This necklace consists of gold and diamond.这条项链由黄金和钻石组成。The city consists of five districts.这个城市有五个区。11. as well 也as well多用于口语中，语气较轻。通常用于肯定句或疑问句，一般不用于否认句，且 通常放在句末。111 come to London, and my sister will come as well.我会来伦敦，我的妹妹也会来。Are they coming as well?他们也来吗？12. concentrate on聚精会神;集中思想其后可直接接名词或动词-ing形式。I can't concentrate on my studies.我无法集中精神学习。Right now we should concentrate on doing some things for our plan.现在我们应该集中精力为我们的计划做些事。13. compared with 与相比Compared with our small apartment, our uncle's house seemed like a palace.跟我凭的小公寓比起来，叔叔的房子就像宫殿。How does life in Britain compared with life in the United States?与美国的生活相比，英国的生活如何？compare.to.把比作compare.with.把和做比拟14. become/be known as 作为而知名;叫作;被称为She was known as an excellent dancer.她作为一名优秀的舞蹈家而闻名。These chocolate bars are known as something else in the US.这种巧克力棒在美国有别的叫法。（1） be known for因而众所周知He was known for his frankness.他以坦率著称。（2） be known to 为所知He's known to the police because of his previous criminal record.他因以前的犯罪记录而为警察所知。15. go down倒下；（船等）下沉，漂浮，下降；（将食物、饮料）吞下，咽下，喝下；（物价等）下跌；（温度等）下降；（日、月）落到 地平线下，落下She stripped and went down with a bump.她绊了 一下，重重地倒在地上。The ship went down with all on board.这条船连船带人都漂浮了。A glass of wine would go down very nicely.能喝一杯葡萄酒就太痛快了。The price of eggs is going down.蛋价正在下降。The color of the sky deepened as the sun went down.夕阳西下，天空的颜色渐趋深暗。16. come up with 提出;赶上We weren't able to come up with any new suggestions.我们提不出任何新建议。We came up with a group of tourists.我们赶上了一群旅游者。名言警句The most important thing in communication is hearing what isn't said. By Peter F.Dracker与人沟通，最重要的是能听出言外之意。彼得F德鲁克