名校版英语语法考点解析 almost和nearly用法.docx

名校版英语语法考点解析almost和nearly用法l.almost和nearly在用法上既有相同之处，也有不同点。在单纯表示“时间、程度、进度”时，基本上可以认定almost 二nearly。只是almost比nearly更加接近一点，有时还表 示感情色彩更浓的意味。例如：The road is almost 80 feet wide.这条路差一点就 80 英尺IaJi J oThe road is nearly 80 feet wide.这条路近 80 英尺宽。He almost got run over.他差一点就被车子压了。He nearly got run over.他几乎被车子压着。The building is almost completed.这栋大楼几乎完工了。The building is nearly completed.这栋大楼差不多完工了。He never has problems in his study, which was admired by his teacher.他学习上从来没出过问题，他的老师很欣赏这点。（Which 在从句中充当主语）The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running , which meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.这家电影院的主人需要做很多改进，雇佣更多的人来维持它 的运营，这意味着要花费数万英镑。（Which在从句中充当 主语）Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play , which , of course , made the others unhappy.多萝西总是高度赞扬她在剧中的角色，这当然使其他人不高 / 7XoHe may have serious stomachache , which makes him keep vomiting .他可能有严重的胃病,这导致他不停地呕吐。（which在从 句中充当主语）He set free the birds happily , which was a celebration for his success.他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种 庆祝。（which在从句中充当主语）The result of the experiment was very good , which we hadn' t expected.实验结果非常好，这是我们没有预料到的。（which在该定 语从句中充当及物动词expect的宾语）He was educated at a local grammar school z after which he went on to Cambridge.他在当地的一所语法学校接受教育，然后去了剑桥。which指代前面整个主句，after which在从句中作状语说明：which引导的非限制性定语从句既可以指整个句子内容，也 可以指句子的局部内容（如单词或词组等），在句子中可以作 主语、宾语（动词或介词的）、定语等。注意它在句子中的位 置：只能放在主句后，不能放在主句前。试比拟：a. The food which wasnf t in the fridge all went off.不在冰箱里的那些食物变质了。b. The food, which wasn7 t in the fridge, all went off.食物都变质了，因为它们没有放在冰箱里。解析：在a句中，定语从句的关系代词前没有加逗号, 采用的是限制性定语从句的形式，意思是不在冰箱里的那 些食物变质了，这就暗含着只有局部食物变质了的含 义。而在b句中，定语从句的关系代词前添加了逗号，采用 的是非限制性定语从句的形式，意思是食物都变质了，因 为它们没有放在冰箱里，此时是所有的食物都变质了， 这里的定语从句是补充说明食物变质的原因。两者都可用来修饰不定代词、形容词、副词、动词、介词短 语等，此时两者常可换用；亦可用于否认句如：It' s almost nearly impossible.那几乎是不可能的。He is almost nearly as tall as her.他差不多与她一样高。He almost nearly always arrives late.他差不多总是迟 到。We almost/nearly didn' t get there in time.我们险些未能及时赶到那儿。almost能够用在以一ly结尾的副词的前面，而nearly那么不能够She said it almost crossly .她几乎生气地说。Your boss is almost certainly there .你的老板几乎肯定在 那里。2 .在具体数字前面常用nearlyo 例如:There were nearly 200 people at the meeting.与会者有近200人。The river is nearly 100 metres wide.这条河有近百米宽。The old man is nearly 80 years old.那位老人年近八十岁。也有极少例外：I've saved almost £ 100 so far.我至今已经攒了差不多100英镑了。It happened almost exactly a year ago.这事情发生差不多正好一年了。She was almost 90, but still very robust.她W近90岁了，但身体仍然十分强健。The argument ground on for almost two years.这场争论拖拖拉拉持续了近两年。以上4例摘自牛津高阶英汉双解词典.almost 可与 no, nothing, none, never, nobody,等连 用，此时不能用nearly代替。这个经常作为考点。例如：The boy often tells lies ,so almost nobody believes him this time.这个男孩经常说谎，所以这次几乎没有人信他了。She' s almost never in她几乎从来不在家。Almost no one believed him.几乎无人相信他的话。There' s almost none left.几乎一个没剩。What he said was almost nothing worth listening to.他所说的话几乎没有价值。Hearing this, Zhang Lei was surprised because almost nobody said such words this way.听到这些，张磊很惊讶，因为几乎没有人说过这样的话。中 考真题-2016长春. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰，但 almost 之前不能用这些词。如：There are not nearly enough members present to hold a meeting.出席的会员远没有到达可以开会的人数。The shock of Pat's death pretty nearly killed Roy.帕特 的死几乎毁了罗伊。They very nearly succeeded in blowing up the parliament building.他们只差一点儿炸毁议会大厦。not nearly意为一点也不相当于not at all z veryprettynearly意为几乎，都是习语。3 .有时almost可表示十分相似（但又不完全相同），此时不 用 nearlyo 如：I almost wish I'd stayed at home.我真有点后悔没在家里She had the almost overwhelming desire to tell him the truth.她恨不得要告诉他实情。Our cat understand everything-he's almost human. 我们这只猫什么都懂快通人性了。以上说明，假设不是表示程度或可衡量的事（即一种估计的十 分相似）,就只能用almost,不可用nearlyoThe new computer is almost human.这台新的计算机几 乎和人一样灵。What she saw was almost too good to be true.他看见 的几乎完美不可能是真的。It made me feel almost like a hostess .这让我感觉自己 像个女主人。学会了关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句这个知识点 英语水平直接晋升一个境界。指代主句中的各类名词或代词。Beijing, which is the capital of China, has developed into an international city.中国的首都北京已经开展成一个 国际化的城市。Hawaii, which consists of eight principal islands, is a favorite vacation spot.由八个主要岛屿组成的夏威夷是最正确的度假胜地。Rice, which is grown in many countries, is a staple food throughout much of the world.水稻在很多国家都种植，现已成为世界上很多地方的主食。Goats, which were first tamed more than 9,000 years ago in Asia, have provided people with milk, meat, and wool since prehistoric times.山羊最早于9,000年前在亚洲被驯化，自史前时代以来一直 为人们提供羊奶、羊肉和羊毛。An elephant, which is the earth7 s largest land mammal, has few natural enemies other than human beings.大象是陆地上最大的哺乳类动物，除了人类之外几乎没有其 他的天敌。The blue whale, which can grow to 100 feet and 150 tons, is considered the largest animal that has ever lived.蓝鲸被认为是地球上迄今为止最大的动物，长可达100英尺, 重可达150吨。These trees , which I planted three years ago , were cut by government.这些树是我三年前栽的，被政府砍了。York , which I visited last year, is a nice old city.纽约，去年我去参观过，那是一座非常古老的城市。His brother has become an engineer ,which he wanted to be.他的哥哥已经成为一名工程师，他也想成为一名工程师。I have fond memories of my hometown, which is situated in a valley.我对我那坐落在山谷中的故乡充满了美好的记忆。指代主句中的形容词。She was very patient towards the children , which her husband seldom was.她对孩子们很耐心，她丈夫却很少这样。She is always careless , which we should not be.她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。which指代主句中的某个从句。He said that he will love her forever, which was not true.他说他会爱她一辈子，这不是真的。He said that he had never seen her before , which was not true.他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。which指代整个主句或一长串句子。