大学英语四级考试听力技巧讲解和真题分析..docx

大学英语级考试听力技巧讲解和真题分析李洁慧一'大学英语四级考试对听力能力的要求口、大学英语课程教学基本要求对学生英语听力能力的一般要求（即四级水平）可以量化 为：能听懂英语授课、能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座、能基本听懂英语慢速节目， 语速130词/分，并能运用基本听力技巧帮助理解中心思想和信息要点，准确率不低于70%。二、大学英语四级听力考试的题型Section A：包括八个短对话（8道题）和两篇长对话（7道题）。Section B：三篇短文（10道题），每篇短文长度在200240词之间。Section C: 一篇复合式听写（11道题）。复合式听写要听三遍，补全8个单词，根据意思 写出3个句子，文章长度在240280词之间。三、提高听力的方法和步骤1 .听懂考题。真题训练+模拟题训练是听力应试的捷径。精听真题，泛听模拟套题。精听强调听懂词汇、 短语和句子结构，就是一个词一个词地往过抠，标点符号都要搞清楚。泛听是抓大意，听重 点信息。2 .朗读与跟读使用过的材料，主要是纠音，并熟悉语调，记清楚听力中的问题词汇和短语。3 .把握出题规律，掌握做题技巧。四'大学英语四级听力各种题型的应对策略1.短对话（1）综合解题思路遵片以场景词为核心（如：家庭、学习、生活、工作、娱乐、用餐、天气、购物、医疗、 交通等），把握关键结构词汇（如：转折、因果、时间、比拟、重复等）和关键句型句式（如： 反问句式、建议句型等），结合语音、语调、语速变化所引起的特征发音现象 （如：连读、失去爆破等）。（2）历年大学英语四级考试短对话中七种常见句型根据近年出题思路与喜好偏向，我们不难发现，就考点而言，近年的短对话中常见句型有 以下七种。熟悉这些句型对听力能力的提高很有帮助。A.表达建议的句子Why not.? Why don't you.?What do you think of.?If I were you, I would.You'd better.B.否认句全否认关键词：no, none, nobody, nothing半否认关键词：Not all, not everything, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom双重否认关键词：not uncommon, no one can deny.外表否认，其实表达肯定意义：Never better, I can,t agree with you more.（我非常同 意观点）外表肯定，其实表达否认意义：Climbing is the last thing in the world I want to do.（字 面意思是：爬山是这世界上我最后想做的事；其实正确的理解是：我根本不想去爬山。）C.转折句but题型but以后是重点。常见的句式是：rd love to / I'd like to / Sounds great / Sounds a lot of fun. but.D.强调句It is.that.E.虚拟语气F.比拟句G.反问句式（3）短对话听力的一些原那么A.推理原那么：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的不一定是正确答案。B.挫折原那么：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（买东西买不到，订房间客满，考试、作业、 论文一般比拟难，或需要熬夜等）。C.男女原那么：男生提出的观点女生通常不同意或有不同的看法，反之女生提出的观点男 生那么常常表示同意和赞赏。D,父母教育子女好好学习。E.大学英语四级考试听力短对话中一般只考日常生活学习中遇到的事情、问题，所以如 果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情，一般不会是正确选项。（4）短对话中九大场景常见高频词汇英语交际通常使用一种模式化的语言，在固定的场景中其词汇和表达也相比照拟固定。所 以考生只要平时注意积累场景高频词汇和习惯表达，在复习时重点突出，强化训练，就可以 在大学英语四级考试听力短对话局部拿高分。八个短对话按照真题分析可以归纳为如下场景:A.校园场景（宿舍、教室、实验室、图书馆）全体教职员工：faculty本科生：undergraduate 导师：tutor必修课：required/compulsory course选修课：elective/optional course学分：credits 小论文：essay学位论文：dissertation学术类期刊：journal学期报告：term paper 期刊：periodical最终期限：deadline 延期：extension期末考试：finals期中考试：mid-term博士学位：doctorate 学费：tuition fee奖学金：scholarship / fellowship最近一刊：latest issue阅读书目：reading list到期：due 过期：overdue付罚款：pay a fine笔记本电脑：laptop图书管理员：librarian索书条：call slip图书 目录：catalog 续借：renew书库：stack开架选书：open-shelf注册、登记:sign up for参考书：reference books打字机：typewriter 打印机：printer激光打印机：laser printerB.餐馆场景（定座、点菜、结账、小费、投诉等）酒馆、客栈：pub汽车旅馆：motel（乡村或公路边上的）旅馆：inn自助餐厅：cafeteria 三明治：sandwich馅饼：pie 甜食：dessert 色A： salad威士忌：whisky软饮料：soft drink葡萄酒：wine 账单：bill 小费：tip付账单：pay the billAA制：go Dutch这饭菜不错：worth the money各付各的账:Lets split it.这次我请客:This is my treat.C.医院场景(问诊、问候、问药、问价)学校医务室：infirmary急诊室：emergency department医疗中心：medical centre学生健康中心：students health centre急救病房：emergency rooms特护病房：ICU (intensive care unit)诊所:clinic 病房：ward探视时间：visiting hours开处方：prescribe 处方：prescription按处方抓药：fill the prescription还按原方抓药：refill the prescription药片：tablet 手术：operation外科医生：surgeon 内科医生：physician骨折：fracture 流感：flu心脏病：heart attack 昏迷：faint嗓子痛：sore throat高血压：high blood pressure 呕吐：vomit治疗：treat 治愈：cureD.银行场景账户：account 存折：bank book开户：open an account 信用卡：credit card存款：deposit 透支：overdraw自动提款证：ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)利率：interest rate 支票户头：check account银行职员:bank clerk将支票兑换成现金：cash the checkE.旅馆场景无空房：(be) booked up客房月艮务：room service登记入住手续：check in 结账：check out单/双人间：single/double room 订房：reserve行李员： porter登记员：register前台：front desk前台月艮务：receptionF.邮局场景快递服务：EMS (Express Mail Service)航空邮件：air mail邮资：postage小包裹：package/parcel 超重：overweight发 电报：send a telegram挂号信：registered letter 明信片：postcard加急电报：urgent cableG.机场场景递送：deliver飞机：airplane 起飞：takeoff 盘旋：circle航班：降落:机翼:flight land wing候机大厅：terminalH.找工作、面试场景分类广告：classified ad分类广告：classified ad公告板：bulletin board供求关系版：help and wanted section 传单：flier 个人简历：resume 面试：interview证书：certificates 身份证：identification资格：qualification推荐j言：reference letterI.购物场景待售：for sale 出售：on sale肖U价：price reduction廉价品：bargain 拍卖：auction不流行，过时：out of style/fashion收据：receipt出纳员：cashier百货公司：department store 市场价：market price 退货：to return purchase 购物时间:shopping hour 现金：cash百货公司：department store 市场价：market price 退货：to return purchase 购物时间:shopping hour 现金：cash超市：supermarket折扣：discount销售季节：selling season 一口价：one price 信用卡：credit card2.长对话两组长对话的理解题型一般随话轮的交替而追问事件的先后次序、事件的因果关系、事件 的逻辑比照和对照等关系，以及对话一方的行为和打算等。长对话就其出题分布而言，一般会有一题整体把握，考查对话主题、对话人物关系或对话 地点场景等。假设对话为多话题内容，之后局部那么选择其中几个话题进行考查；假设对话内容为 单一事件的描述，那么关注事件的起因、经过、结果等方面；如果是调研性内容，那么考查点往 往可能集中到被调研人的观点、意见、建议等方面。Conversation OneW: Sir, you've been using the online catalogue for quite a while. Is there anything I can do to help you?M: Well, Tve got to write a paper about Hollywood in the 30s and 40s, and I'm really struggling. There are hundreds of books, and I just don't know where to begin.W: Your topic sounds pretty big. Why don't you narrow it down to something like.uh. the history of the studios during that time?M: You know, I was thinking about doing that, but more than 30 books came up when I typed in umovie studios”.W: You could cut that down even further by listing the specific years you want. Try adding “1930s" or "1940s“ or maybe “Golden Age”.M: uGolden Age“ is a good idea. Let me type that in. Hey, look, just 6 books this time. Thafs a lot better.W: Oh. another thing you might consider. Have you tried looking for any magazine or newspaper articles?M: No, Tve only been searching for books.W: Well, you can look up magazine articles in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature. And we do have the Los Angeles Times available over there. You might go through their indexes to see if there's anything you want.M: Okay, I think I'll get started with these books and then I'll go over the magazines.W: If you need any help, 111 be over at the Reference Desk.M: Great. Thanks a lot.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. What is the man doing?24. What does the librarian think of the topic the man is working on ?25. Where can the man find the relevant magazine articles?本文第一题同样是对对话主题的考查；而第二题那么是对女人态度以及反问句式的考查，并 且该反问句式还是建议句型的表达模式；第三题那么是对建议句型的考查，考查女人建议男人 怎么做。3.短文理解(1)大纲要求c文理解一般由三篇内容难度适当，话题比拟流行，250词左右的小品文或者小故事组成。 每篇文章之后有34个问题，问题往往涉及到考生对短文中重要细节、中心思想、作者态度、 特殊词汇的理解。短文听力对考生的语言感知能力、逻辑思维能力、短时记忆能力都是一个 挑战。考生只有在多读、多听的基础上才能提高短文理解的准确率。(2)历年真题出现的体裁类型A.说明文主要关注说明对象、说明对象各方面的特点等。介绍新的概念，说明起源、开展过程、现 状、展望未来，对我们的影响和用途(正负两方面)等。B.议论文讨论型：根据问题进行讨论，分析原因一、原因二，最后说明如何解决。比照型：两种观点、流派、理论进行比照，比拟两种的优缺点，最后突出自己的观点。C.记叙文以短小故事类为主，考查事情的起因、经过和结果。(3)听力短文的分类及对策A.主观题又称态度题，问Speaker对所表达的对象的态度，或褒或贬。典型的问题有：What is the speaker's impression of.? What is the speaker's attitude to / toward.?短文题中一般是 褒的态度。B.客观题比方数字题。Section A这局部要考查对数字的进一步运算能力。你听到的多为原始数据, 而不是最终结果(正确选项)。但是，在Section B的短文中，一般听到哪个数字就要选那个 数字。短文中的数字不考运算。C.主旨思想题考查文章的整体思想把握，即中心思想题。一篇文章的首尾是这篇文章的灵魂，表达 Speaker的观点。典型的问题有What is the passage mainly about? What is the passage talking about? What is the main idea of this talk?等。解题对策：对于中心思想题，我们可以从三方面来把握。其一从选项入手，选项中屡次出 现的词一般是中心词(Keyword),正确的选项应该围绕这个中心词来表达。其二从短文入 手，要特别注意文章的两头。尤其是文章的开始两个句子最重要。其三从问题入手，这里也 可以提供中心词的线索。多数考题都问及的词一般就是文章的中心词。D.细节题关注中间出现的表示逻辑关系的连词。(4)短文听力的答题技巧总结听文章开头和末尾局部，中间抓小词。文章的两头是一篇文章的重点，文章的开头是观点, 文章的结尾是结论。而中间是细节，是用来支持观点的论据。听短文，听结构。一般正确选 项基本会是原文的重现。所以，最好能做到边听边记。(5)真题讲解为了便于理解上面提到的应试技巧，我们来看2007年6月真题中出现过的一篇听力短文。 Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) He suffered a nervous breakdown.B) He was wrongly diagnosed.C) He was seriously injured in the leg.D) He developed a strange disease.30. A) He was able to talk again.B) He raced to the nursing home.C) He could tell red and blue apart.D) He could not recognize his wife.31. A) Twenty-nine days.B) Two and a half months.C) Several minutes.D) Fourteen hours.32. A) They welcomed the publicity in the media.B) The avoided appearing on television.C) They released a video of his progress.D) They declined to give details of his condition.Passage ScriptDuring a 1995 roof collapse, 29 a firefighter named Donald Herbert was left brain damaged. For ten years, he was unable to speak. Then, 30 one Saturday morning, he did something that shocked his family and doctors. He started speaking. ul want to talk to my wife," Donald Herbert said out of the blue. Staff members of the nursing home where he had lived for more than seven years raced to get Linda Herbert on the telephone. ult was the first of many conversations the 44-year-old patient had with his family and friends during the 14-hour stretch, Herberfs uncle Simon Menka said. uHow long have I been away?” Herbert asked. uWe told him almost ten years,the uncle said. uHe thought it was only three months.J, Herbert was fighting a house fire December 29, 1995, when the roof collapsed, burying him underneath. After going without air for several minutes, 31 Herbert was unconscious for two and a half months and has undergone therapy ever since. News accounts in the days and years after his injury described Herbert as blind and with little memory. 32 Menka declined to discuss his nephew's current condition or whether the apparent progress was continuing. "The family was seeking privacy while doctors evaluated Herbert," he said. As word of Herbert's progress spread, visitors streamed into the nursing home. "He's resting comfortably,n the uncle told them.29. What happened to Herbert ten years ago?答案Ao解析文章刚开头就提到了Herbert十年前的遭遇“屋顶倒塌，身为消防员的他大脑损伤， 丧失了语言能力”，所以答案选A。30. What surprised Donald Herberfs family and doctors one Saturday?答案a。蔡析文章说到，一个周六的早上，他做了一件令家人和医生震惊的事情：他开口说话 了。所以答案选A。31. How long did Herbert remain unconscious?答案Bo解析短文提到，Herbert昏迷了两个半月，此后一直接受治疗。故B正确。32. How did Herbert's family react to the public attention?答案Do解析文章结尾局部提到“Herbert的叔叔拒绝谈论他侄子目前的状况，因此答案选D。4.复合式听写(1)复合式听写题型分析复合式听写的短文长度一般为250词左右。全文通读三遍，要求考生在第一遍后能够了解 材料的主要内容和关键信息。第二遍朗读速度较慢，要求考生根据听到的内容将短文中缺少 的词汇补充完整。第三遍阅读速度最快，要求考生检查听写的内容。在考试中，听写局部需要特别注意名词单复数形式；动词时态、语态；弱读、失爆等语音、 语调、语速所引起的干扰特征；同、近音词汇；难词、易错词拼写以及转换了词性的单词的 考查等几个常见的听写中容易出现问题的地方。(2)复合式听写的做题技巧全面打好语言基本功是提高听写能力的重要途径，但听写训练具有自身的科学性和技巧 性，多练加巧练可取得事半功倍的成效。复合式听写的应试方法：A.通过卷面文字捕捉信息、找出线索、了解大意。B.听写结合，双管齐下。第一遍是全文朗读，因此听第一遍时，考生可以适当地填写些单词和做些笔记，听为主, 记为辅。对于单词填写，熟悉的词可以直接写出，听懂意思不会拼写的先做一下记录，随后 回忆。对于句子填空，只需先记录句子前面、中间、后面的几个关键词，或按句子的结构特第二遍放音时，重点对付第一遍没听懂的填空题和句子，尤其是句子局部。切记要把一句 话听完，结合第一遍时的草记，努力把整句记住再写。第三遍检查核对，重点要放在句子上。C.提高记笔记的效率。首先，可使用缩略语。例如可用esp.代especially, sth代something。字母较多的单词， 只写该词前几个字母。这里的基本要求是快速。其次，考生应有选择地记笔记。英语中实词 具有表意功能，而虚词多具语法功能，所记词应以实词为主。另外，因为复合式听写“句子填 写”只要求写出内容要点，这样考生应重点记下句子的中心词，一些定、状语可先略去不记。D.检查、核对内容要点。复合式听写第三遍朗读供考生进行核对，核对是最后必不可少的环节，考生应抓住时机弥 补前两遍听录音时所忽略或遗漏的内容，进一步修改和完善自己的答案。