2021-2022学年河南省信阳市高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题（解析版）.docx

2021-2022学年度高一下学期期末教学质量检测英语试题（测试时间：120分钟卷面总分；150分）考前须知：1 .答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷相应的位置。2 .全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部听力（共两节，总分值30分）第一节供5小题：每题1、5分，总分值7、5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. How does the man usually go to his office?A. By car.B. By bus.C. By train.2. Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. In the library.B. In the bookstore.C. In the post office.3. What does the woman plan to do next?A. Watch a TV program.B. Finish her homework.C. Go to a local concert.4. Who is the man probably talking to?A. His boss.B. His assistant.C. His customer.5. How often does the man work out now?A. Twice a week.B. Once a week.C. Every other day.第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，总分值22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中 选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，答复第6、7题。6. What can we learn from the man speaker?A. He prefers a smoking room.B. He wants to book a room for two.teachers should praise more and punish less.” 以及画线词上文 “we find that the carrot is much more powerful than the可知，当老师表扬孩子们的良好行为，而不是因为他们捣蛋而惩罚他们时，孩子们专注于任务的时间 会增加30%。如果他们想要改善学生在课堂上的行为，老师应该多表扬少惩罚，即：表扬比体罚或严厉批 评更有力量，可知，stick指的是“体罚或严厉批评。应选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段 Researchers attended 151 classes in 19 elementary schools across Missouri, Tennessee and Utah. During a three-year period they observed 2,536 students from kindergarten to sixth grade.（研究人员参力口 了密苏里州、田纳西州和犹他州19所小学的151个班级。在三年的时间里，他们观察了 2536名从幼儿园到 六年级的学生）可知，研究对象以小学生为主。应选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中 “When kids receive praise, it activates certain feel-good chemicals in the brain.These chemicals can improve the functioning in the parts of the brain that are responsible for things like focus, attention, planning and problem-solving.（当孩子受到表扬时，大脑中某些让人感觉良好的化学物质会被激活。这些化学 物质可以改善大脑中负责集中注意力、方案和解决问题的局部的功能）可推知，表扬能极大地提高注意力。 应选B。【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Instead of punishment, constructive criticism can be used, but it should be balanced with praise in order to create a safe environment where kids are motivated to focus, learn and grow.(nJ以用建设性 的批评来代替惩罚，但它应该与表扬相平衡，以便创造一个平安的环境，让孩子们有动力集中精力，学习 和成长）可知，作者对批评的态度是建议正确使用和适当的批评。应选C。第二节（共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Facing our failures can be difficult, but it is valuable. Failures are not the endings, but the beginnings of learning experiences that can help inspire you onto the next success. 16.Admit Your MistakesThe biggest difficulty we face in getting over our failures and turning them into successes is admitting we have made a mistake. If we don't, we might be caught in a cycle of shame and self-doubt. 17.Make Good Use of FearMaking a mistake, no matter how big or small it is, can be frightening. 18 But when we come to recognize that we can't avoid fear, we can accept our mistakes, correct them, and move forward confidently.19Sometimes, the best thing we can do when we fail is to ask someone to help us. We could be shy to reach out to others for help when we feel like we haven't done our best. Telling people why you think you failed, and what you need help with is considered to be strength. Many people who have failed in their own ways will be there to lend a hand to help you achieve your goals.Plan for the Next Failure20. You are certain to fail again, but you don't need to be afraid of failing. When you plan fbr failure,you are able to reduce the potential damage to the lowest possible level, and make it easier to move on to the next success.A. Failure gives you a chanceGo to find someone for helpB. Fearful thoughts can disappoint youI don't see anything that I do as a failure or a successC. We eat, we breathe, and we fail, so failure is a natural part of lifeRead on if you are still confused how to find some form of success in your failuresD. However, after we admit we made a mistake, we can then make an effort to find a way out【答案】16.F17. G 18.C19. B 20. E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了失败后能够帮助获得下一次成功的方法。【16题详解】上文“ Failures are not the endings, but the beginnings of learning experiences that can help inspire you onto the next success.（失败不是结束，而是学习经验的开始，可以帮助你获得下一次成功）说明失败可以帮助获得下一 次成功，F项“如果你仍然困惑于如何在失败中找到某种形式的成功，请继续阅读承接上文，引出下文内 容，符合题意。应选F。【17题详解】标题句“Admit Your Mistakes （成认你的错误）说明本段介绍的方法是成认错误，上文"If we don, we might be caught in a cycle of shame and self-doubt.（如果我们不成认错误，我们可能会陷入羞愧和自我疑心的循环） 说明不成认错误的结果，G项“然而，在我们成认自己犯了错误之后，我们可以努力找到出路与上文形 成转折关系，说明成认错误的作用，符合题意。应选G。【18题详解】上文“ Making a mistake, no matter how big or small it is, can be frightening.（犯一个错误，无论大小，都可能是 可怕的）说明犯错误会使人惊恐，以及下文 “But when we come to recognize that we can't avoid fear, we can accept our mistakes, correct them, and move forward confidently.（但是当我们意识到我们无法防止恐惧时，我们 可以接受错误，改正错误，自信地向前迈进） C项中Fearful是关键词，C项“恐惧的想法会让你失望承 上启下，符合题意。应选C。19题详解】下文 Sometimes, the best thing we can do when we fail is to ask someone to help us.（有时候,当我们失败的时 候，我们能做的最好的事情就是请求别人帮助我们）说明当失败时，要请求别人帮助，B项“去找人帮助" 总括本段内容，可以作为段落标题句。应选B。【20题详解】下文 “You are certain to fail again, but you don't need to be afraid of failing.（你肯定会再次失败，但你不必害怕 失败）说明失败是很可能发生的事情，E项“我们吃，我们呼吸，我们失败，所以失败是生活中自然的一 局部说明失败是生活的一局部，引出下文，符合题意。应选E。第三局部：英语知识运用（共两节，总分值45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每题L 5分，总分值30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的1正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。This is a real-life story of building the Brooklyn Bridge in New York. In 1870, a creative engineer named John Roebling 21 an idea to build a bridge to connect New York and the Long Island. However, bridge building experts all over the world thought it 22 and advised Roebling to forget the idea.Roebling was thinking about his bridge all the time and he was 23 that it could be built. He just had to share the 24 with someone else. After much discussion, he 25 to convince his son Washington, a 26 engineer, to join him.The project started well, but a serious 27 on the site took the life of John Roebling. Washington was also 28 and left with a certain amount of brain damage, which29 him to be unable to talk or walk.What he suffered didn't 30 him and he still had a strong wish to complete the bridge. He tried toinspire and pass on his 31 to some of his friends, but the difficult task made them 32 All hecould do was move one finger and he was 33 to make the best use of it. By moving it, he 34developed a code （密码、 暗码）of communication with his wife. He 35 his wife's arm, indicating to herthat he wanted her to call the 36 together again. Then he used the same method to tell them what to do. Itseemed unbelievable but the bridge building 37.For 13 years, Washington tapped out his 38 with his finger on his wife's arm, until the bridge wasfinally 39.The Brooklyn Bridge shows us that dreams that seem impossible can be realized with determination and40, no matter what the difficulties are.21. A. paid attention toB. came up withC. took pride inD. looked forward toA. officials. stressfulC. unnecessaryD. impossible22. A. confidentB. pleasedC. fortunateD. gratefulA. contributionB. conclusionC. ambitionD. imagination23. A. managedB. struggledC. failedD. happenedA. energeticB. promisingC. generousD. handsome24. A. fightB. mistakeC. accidentD. diseaseA. punishedB. mentionedC. interruptedD. injured25. A. foundB. provedC. causedD. reportedA. leaveB. preventC. strengthen!), affect26. A. enthusiasmB. humourC. bravenessD. honestyA. complainB. regretC. progressD. hesitate27. A. encouragedB. satisfiedC. excitedD. determinedA. slowlyB. immediatelyC. suddenlyD. quickly28. A. pushedB. movedC. touchedD. checkedA. childrenB. engineersC. designersD. scientists29. A. quickenedB. delayedC. stoppedD. restartedA. doubtsB. instructionsC. explanationsD. answers30. A. improvedB. protectedC. completedD. removedA. persistenceB. optimismC. abilityD. intelligence【答案】21.B22. D 23. A 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B 31.A 32. D 33. D 34. A 35. C 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了创意工程师John Roebling和儿子Washington克服困难在纽约建造Brooklyn 大桥的故事。21题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：1870年，一位名叫John Roebling的创意工程师想出了一个主意，要建一座 桥连接纽约和长岛。A. paid attention to注意；B.came up with赶上,想出；C took pride in以为骄傲;D. looked forward to 盼望。根据后文 “an idea to build a bridge to connect New York and the Long Island”可知, 他想出一个主意。应选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，世界各地的桥梁建造专家都认为这是不可能的，并建议Roebling放弃 这个想法。A. official官方的；B. stressful压力大的，紧张的；C. unnecessary不必要的;D. impossible不可 能的。根据后文“advised Roebling to forget the idea"可知，他们认为这不可能。应选D项。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Roebling每时每刻都在想着他的桥，他相信它一定能建成。A. confident自信 的；B. pleased 快乐的；C. fortunate 幸运的；D. grateful 感谢的。根据语境和前文 “ Roebling was thinking about his bridge all the time/z及后面的故事可知，他有自信能够建成这座桥。应选A项。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他只能向别人倾诉他的理想。A. contribution奉献；B.conclusion结论；C. ambition 抱负，理想；D. imagination 想象力。根据语境和前文 “a creative engineer named John Roebling an idea to build a bridge to connect New York and the Long Island,z 及 “ advised Roebling to forget the idea” 可知, Roebling只能向别人倾诉他的理想。应选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过屡次讨论，他成功地说服了他的儿子Washington, 一个很有前途的工程师, 参加他的行列。A. managed管理,设法完成；B. struggled斗争,挣扎；C. failed失败；D. happened发生。 根据语境和后文“tojoinhim及后来所发生的事情可知，他设法说服了儿子参加。应选A项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过屡次讨论，他成功地说服了他的儿子Washington, 一个很有前途的工程 师，参加他的行列。A. energetic精力充分的；B.promising有前途的；C.generous慷慨的；D.handsome英 俊的 o 根据后文 “ What he suffered didn't10him and he still had a strong wish to complete the bridge. 等内容可知，Washington是个很有前途的工程师。应选B项。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:工程开始时进展顺利，但工地上发生的一场严重事故夺去了 John Roebling的生 命。A. fight 战斗；B. mistake 错误；C. accident 事故；D. disease 疾病。根据后文 “took the life of John Roebling” 可知，一场严重事故夺去他的生命。应选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Washington也受伤了，他的大脑受到了一定程度的损伤，导致他不能说话或走 路。A. punished 惩罚；B. mentioned 提到；C. interrupted D. injured 伤害。根据后文 “left with a certain amount of brain damage, which 9 him to be unable to talk or walk."可知,Washington 也受伤 了。应选 D项。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Washington也受伤了，他的大脑受到了一定程度的损伤，导致他不能说话或走 路。A.found 发现；B.proved 证明；C. caused 引起，导致；D. reported 报告。根据前文 “Washington was also8 and left with a certain amount of brain damage，/可知，伤情导致他不能说话或走路。应选C项。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他所遭受的一切并没有阻止他，他仍然有完成这座桥的强烈愿望。A. leave离开;B. prevent 防止，阻止；C. strengthen 力口强；D. affect 影响。根据后文 he still had a strong wish to complete the bridge"可知，他所遭受的一切并没有阻止他。应选B项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他试图鼓励他的一些朋友，并把他的热情传递给他们，但艰巨的任务使他们犹 豫不前0A. enthusiasm 热情；B. humour 幽默；C. braveness 勇敢；D. honesty 老实。根据前文“he still had a strong wish to complete the bridgez，及“He tried to inspire"可知，他试图把完成大桥的热情传递给朋友。应选A项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试图鼓励他的一些朋友，并把他的热情传递给他们，但艰巨的任务使他们犹 豫不前。A. complain抱怨；B.regret懊悔；C.progress进步；D. hesitate犹豫。根据语境和前文“but the difficult task可知，艰巨的任务使他们犹豫不前。应选D项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他所能做的就是移动一根手指，他决定充分利用它。A. encouraged受到鼓舞 的；B. satisfied满意的；C.excited冲动的；D. determined,下定决心的,坚决的。根据语境和前文“AU he could do was move one finger, 及后文 “ By moving it. he 14 developed a code （密码、暗码）of communication with his wife/7可知，他决定充分利用这根手指。应选D项。【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：通过移动这根手指，他慢慢形成了与妻子沟通的密码。A. slowly慢地；B.immediately 立刻;C. suddenly 突然；D. quickly 快地。根据常识和后文 udeveloped a code （密码、暗码）of communication with his wifez，可知，他慢慢形成了与妻子沟通的密码。应选A项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用那根手指触摸妻子的胳膊，示意她把工程师们召集起来。A. pushed推动；B. moved 移动；C. touched 触摸；D. checked 检查。根据语境前文“By moving it, he14 developed a code（密码、暗码）of communication with his wife.可知，他用那根手指触摸妻子的胳膊。应选C项。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他用那根手指触摸妻子的胳膊，示意她把工程师们召集起来。A. children孩子； B. engineers 工程师；C. designers 设计师；D. scientists 科学家。根据语境和后文 “Then he used the same method to tell them what to do. It seemed unbelievable but the bridge building 17 可知，他把工程师们召集起 来。根据常识也可知，建造桥的是工程师们。应选B项。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这似乎令人难以置信，但这座桥又重新开始建造了。A. quickened加快；B. delayed 延迟；C. stopped 停止；D. restarted 重新开始。根据后文 “For 13 years, Washington tapped out his 18 with his finger on his wife's arm, until the bridge was finally 19 可知，这座桥又重新开始建造 了。应 选D项。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：13年来，Washington 一直用手指在妻子的手臂上敲出他的指令，直到大桥最终 建成。A. doubts 疑惑；B. instructions 说明，指令；C. explanations 解释；D. answers 答案。根据前文 “He15 his wife5s arm, indicating to her，/可知，Washington用手指在妻子的手臂上敲出他的指令。应选B 项。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：13年来，Washington 一直用手指在妻子的手臂上敲出他的指示，直到大桥最终 建成。A. improved 改善；B. protected 保护;C. completed 完成;D. removed 移开。根据语境和前文 “For 13 years, Washington tapped out his 18 with his finger on his wife's arm” 及后文 "dreams that seem impossible can be realized可知，大桥最终建成。应选C项。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Brooklyn告诉我们，看似不可能的梦想，只要有决心和坚持，无论遇到什么困 难,都可以实现。A. persistence持久性，坚持；B.optimism乐观；C.ability能力；D. intelligence智力。根 据故事内容和前文 udreams that seem impossible can be realized with determination及后文"no matter what the difficulties are,z可知，只要有决心和坚持，无论遇到什么困难，都可以实现自己的梦想。应选A项。第二节（共10小题：每题1.5分，总分值15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。China's Tiangong space station has just welcomed the 41 （arrive） of the three Shenzhou-14 astronauts, Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe. About six hours after 42 （leave） Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the Gobi Desert, in Northwest China, 43 the early morning of June 5, 2022, they reached Tianhe the core module （核心舱）of Tiangong 44 is being built at present.The three astronauts are expected to spend about six 45 (month) staying in the 16.6-meter- long module Tianhe. They will conduct a variety of scientific experiments and 46 (education) activities, perform several spacewalks and put some new equipment inside and outside Tianhe.Making sure the drinking water, oxygen production, sleeping conditions, and other systems are working well, the astronauts will watch and organize the coming of Tiangong's other two modules, 47 (name) Wentian and Mengtian. They will complete the T-shaped Tiangong space station in July and October this year. Shenzhou 15 is expected 48 (send) up around the end of the year.Speaking of the future plan fbr China's space station, Huang Weifen, designer fbr the China Manned Space Program's astronaut training system, said that China has been cooperating with other nations. Since 2021, China has been cooperating with the European Astronaut Center. Many other countries, for example Pakistan, 49 (express) desire to join flight missions (太空飞行)on the China Space Station so far.50 is believed thatthere will certainly be a time for international taikonauts to fly to Tiangong soon.【答案】41. arrivalleaving42. on 44. which#that45. months 46. educational47. named 48. to sendhave expressed49. It【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。讲述了天宫三号空间站迎来了三位神州14宇航员的到来，并介绍了他们即将 在天和核心舱执行的任务。41题详解】考查名词。句意：中国天宫三号空间站刚刚迎来了三位神州14宇航员的到来，陈冬，刘洋和蔡旭哲。定冠 词the修饰名词，因此需转化为名词arrival。the arrival of表示"的到来。故填arrival。【42题详解】考查动词。句意：在离开位于中国西北部戈壁沙漠的酒泉卫星发射中心6个小时后，在2022年6月5日清 晨，他们抵达了目前正在修建的天宫天和核心舱。After是介词，动词leave放在介词后，需转化为动名词形 式。故填leaving。【43题详解】考查介词。句意：在2022年6月5日清晨，他们抵达了目前正在修建的天宫天和核心舱。具体说明某一天 的上午或下午用。n,此题已经具体说明是6月5日的清晨。故填。n。【44题详解】考查限制性定语从句。句意：在2022年6月5日清晨，他们抵达了目前正在修建的天宫天和核心舱。Tianhe the core module （核心舱）of Tiangong做先行词指物，在定语从句中充当主语，限制性定语从句中指物充当主 语的关系代词可用that或whicho故填that/whicho【45题详解】考查名词。句意：这三位宇航员预计在16.6米长的天和核心舱中待6个月的时间。month是可数名词，6个 月所以要用名词的复数形式。故填months。【46题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们会开展各种各样的科学实验和有教育意义的活动。activities是名词，形容词修饰名 词，因此education需转化