高三复习定语从句的一些注意事项.docx

高三复习定语从句的一些注意事项作者：朱莉来源：校园英语2019年第7期定语从句是高中，乃至所有英语学习阶段的必须要掌握的语法,是学习其它从句的先决条件。 掌握定语从句,我们分析句子结构的能力就会提高,从而不但语法题的得分会提高,完形、阅读 理解的中出现的长难句的理解也会迎刃而解，更不用说在写作时,我们使用它能写出很多漂亮的 句子来了。那对于高三学生来讲应该怎样复习定语从句呢?我想,如大家能记住如下几个注意点， 考试应该不在有问题了。定语从句的注意事项：1 .结构：先行词+关系词+句子(先看先行词，再看从句中缺什么成分，最后确定什么关系词)。2 .关系代词 who, whom, which, that, whose, as.关系副词 when, where, why.注意:what , how, whether不引导定语从句。3 .关系代词的省略。(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。l)This is the factory (which/that)your father once worked in.2)关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语时可以省略，如果不省,不管先行词是人还是物,用 that.He is no longer the boy (that)he was ten years ago.3)定语从句中如有be动词,那就可以省略作主语的关系代词和be动词。有时，如定语从句 中的动词是个连续性动词，则关系代词省略,动词改为此动词的ing形式。Do you know the person who is talking to your sister at the gate?=Do you know the person to your sister at the gate?4 .关系代词只能用that的情况。(1)关系代词是不定代词 al 1, everything, anything, much, little, nothing, none, etc.(2)先行词被 the only, just the , the very, all, any, much, few, little, no,等修 饰时。(3)先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级所修饰时。(4)先行词既有人又有物。(5)当主句是以who或需hich开头的特殊疑问句时(为避免重复)。(6)从句中缺表语(不管先行词是人还是物)。(7)在the way后面,有三种情况:可用that, in which或省略。5 .关系代词在从句中用作主语时，多用who较少用that。(1)关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.(2)先行词为 those , anyone , all, ones , one , people 时Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth .(3)在 There b。句型中 There is a stranger who wants to sec you .(4)在被分隔的定语从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who wi 11 teach you German .(5)在有两个定语从句的句子中，其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列 定语从句时，后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。The student was praised at themeeting is the monitor is very modest and studies very hard .There is a teacher is always ready to help others and enjoyswhat he does .6 .关系代词as的用法。(Das 引导限制性定语从句。在 the sameas; suchas; asas ; soas 结构中,表示同类异物I have got the same dictionary you have.区别：He is so nice a student we all like him.He is so nice a student we all like.注意:有时用这样的结构" the same- that”表示同类同物。This is the same pen I lost yesterday. Please return it to me.He dicin' t take the pen, because it was only the same pen he had lost.(2)as可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，往往放在主句的前面，也可中间或后 面。从句多用被动语态，as is the case (像往常一样)，as is expected (正如所料)The Changjiang River, you know, is the third longest river in the world.(3)区别:.is known to all, he is a great writer.is known to all that he is a great writer.is known to all is that he is a great writer.7.当关系代词前缺少先行词时，需要用the one来充当先行词。这时要通过“还原法” 一将问句变成陈述句,就看得清了。(1) is this bookyou lent him yesterday?(2)is this the bookwas borrowed from the library?8 .定语从句中主谓一致问题。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时.，从句的谓语动词的人称和数 必须和先行词保持一致。Peter is one of the students whoFrench, but the only one of thestudents who _ German in our school, (know)9 .如果先行词是人，但指的是人的品质，职业,此时不用who或whom,而用which.John is a painter, 1 should also like to bo.10 .先行词是表时间,地点,原因的名词时,关系词不一定都用关系副词例如：(l)This is the mountain villageI visited last year.(2)This is the mountain village I stayed last year.H.非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导词不管在从句中充当什么成分,都不省。as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别：(1)He loves his son very much, make his daughter sad.(2) is reported in the newspaper, Chairman Xi will have a visit to Russia.(3)The respectable expert should be so rude to his wife, we didn' t expect.12.由介词+关系代词构成的定语从句。(1)关系副词 when=on which , where二in which, why=for whichDo you know the street Li Fang lives?(2)whose+n. =the +n. +of whom/of which =of whom/of which +the +n.如:The house whose window faces south belongs to my aunt.=The housefaces south belongs to my aunt.（3）表示"所属"关系 some of whom/which; two-thirds of whom/which;the rest of whom/which; 20% of which / whomThere are 30 boys in my class. Most boys are left in the classroom, the rest gone to the playground.注意：of which/ whom 可放到前面来，如：29% of which =of which 29%。（4）介词+关系代词+n.如：in which case; during which time; by which time; for which reason 等。llis brother will come to see him tomorrow,I can turn to him for help.（这样的话）（5）定语从句中一些不及物动词和介词的搭配,可以放在关系代词前面,也可放原来的位置上。如：He is the only person I can turn for help.（向求助）注意：1）介词不能省略,which, whom不能被that , who替代。2）介词后面加关系代词，但 有时用关系副词,特别是 from where, since when I got to the top of the mountain, fromI could see the sun rising . 3）如果主句的主语和定语从句的主语是一致的话，那么 介词+关系代词+to do代替定语从句。如：I have two dollars with which I can buy a coffee.=1 have two dollars with which to buy a coffee.13.如句中既缺主语又缺宾语,那就要看先行词代替主语还是宾语，另一个用代词it替代。The war and the suffering caused affected him greatly.以上这些点是每个学生在平时的作业中或多或少疏忽的，如大家对上面的各个点能融会贯通 地掌握,无论定语从句以什么形式考查我们，大家得高分都是轻而易举的事。【作者简介】朱莉（1968-），女，江苏省启东中学，本科，中学高级教师，研究方向：高中英语语 法。