初中英语笔记大全 (超级精华版) 58页.docx

初中英语笔记大全（超级精华版）This is the key to the door,这是开门的钥匙。sb. call电话号码sth. at电话号码call sb.二 phone sb.二 ring sb. upplease give me a call .请打电话给我family指家庭时是单数，谓语动词用“is"，family指家人时是复数，谓语动词用“are”。 of表示无生命物体的所有格，s表示有生命物体的所有格。有生命物体的所石,格也可以 用of,但有生命物体后要加“S”。 以副词Ihere或here开头的句子常要倒装，以示强调。 What' s your name, please? = Could you tell me your name, please? = May I have your name, please? Nice to meet you. = Glad to meet you. = Pleased to meet you. 写启示的方法：1.启示的主题；2.描述细节；3,留下联系方式。 表示惊讶、忧伤、微怒、失望等，可以用dear作感叹词。 名词如果有数量词修饰它，使用谓语动词适应看他的数量词，如：here is a set of keyshere are two sets of keysget to somewhere （get home 除外）到达. 右/have （有生命物体的“有）there is （无生命物体的“有） 肯定：Let+宾语（人称代词的宾格或名词）+ V原型+ 否定：Don' t let +宾语+V原型+/Let +宾语+ not + V原型+have表示“有”时才可以用来提问或写成否定“haven' t"。. Let's（include说话的人和听话的人问：shall we ?Let us（不include听话的人）问：will you ?联系动词be动词+ adj.作表语感官动词look 看sound 听smell 闻taste 尝fell 触 反身代词:myself （我自己）yourself （你自己）himself （他自己）herself （她自己）itselfmake a reason todosth.为做某事编一个理由_< give the reason for sth. 1 . “，廿 * ,以 廿十 山 皿,卜给出某事/做某事的理由give the reason for doing sth.J如：give me your reasonsfor being late. be on a visit (n.) to =visit (v.) stay + adj.保持practise(v.) = practice.< practice(v.) + n. / pron./doing sth.pr ac tic e( n.)(没有 prac tis e)如：Prac tic emakes perfec t熟能生巧在 ill 顶上 on the top of the mountain v 在半山腰 half way up the mountain 在山脚下 at the foot of the mountainbe angry with sb.It takessb.+时间+ todosth.做某事花某人多少时口r i、人 on sth.人+ spend +时间/金钱+ <(in) doing sth. for sth.,人+ P叫sb. +金钱物+ cost+sb.+钱 most of 中的大多数. 一 (dosth.(看见经常做或做过 watcnsb./sth.+ <一doing sth.(看见正在做)todosth. It is time < for sth.for sb. todosth. He doesn' t want to do anything.= He wants to do nothing. Help oneself to sth.受欢迎play a joke on sb.和某人开玩笑 dress sb.为某人穿衣打扮动词原型及其过去式 to + v.(不定式)makesb.dosth.省略to的不定式let sb.do sth.havesb.dosth.helpsb. (to)dosth,可加可不加another + n.（单）another + n.（单）one othe other owould like sb. todosth. it It' s time for sb. to do sth. be worry （adj.） about （担心）= worry （v.） aboutgoondoingsth继续做同一件事 goon todosth结束去做某件事s fun todo sth.have fun doing sth.现现1反L过去支动词原形：过去式动词原形：过去式am / is 1wasarewerebear （忍受）'borebeat （打击； 打败）beatbecomebecame1 begin beganbreak （使 破碎）brokebringbroughtbuild（建 造）'builtbuy boughtcancouldicatch caughtcome |camecostcostcut |cutdo / does diddrawdrewdrink drankdrive 1droveeatatefall fellfeed fedfightfoughtf indfoundfly flewforgetforgotget gotgive gavegowentgrow grew11hung （闲1hang（吊）逛）hanged（have / hashadhear heard1吊）11hold heldhurthurtkeep keptknow 1knewlay （下蛋）laidlead （引导）ledlearn learndleaveleaflie（说谎）ilied / laylet |letloselostmake mademay mightmeanmeantmeet metpay paidwinwonputputread readriderodering rangrun 1ransaysaidsee Jsawsell soldsendsentwill ,would1 11 1showed过去 write wroteshallshouldshow 分词：111 1shownsing sangsitsatsleep sleptspeak 1spokestandstoodsweep 1sweptswim swamtaketookteach taught1tell 11toldthinkthoughtthrow（抛；j 扔）!threwwear Jwore去 f / fe + ves叶子半数自己黄, 妻壬拿刀去砍娘。 架后窜出一只狼， 就像盗贼逃命亡Oleaf->leaveshalf f halvesselffselveswifewivesknivef knivesshelffshelveswolffwolvesthief-thieveslifef lives sothat如此以致 discuss with sb. sth.find sb. doing sth. see sb. doing sth.watch sb. doing sth.Jseesbdoingsth .羟过时看到正在做seesb.dosth .怎*见整个过程 as soon as _t 就 Stand sth. Maybe adv. exercise (v.)= do exercise (n.) / do sports. jDomoreexercise(un.), you willbehealthier.Do morning/eyesexercises有修饰词作为cn.)频率副词例如位置实义动词前，助动词、 be动词、情态动词后I usually go to the park.She usually goes to the park.She usually went to the park last year.频率副词不影响动词形成 How oftenHow manyHow muchHow long时间多久How far距离多远How soon 多快 例：How soon will you come back ? In two days.How many times 多少次 result for do sth. want sb. to do sth.Jinterestiig东西令人觉得很有趣in tered感到谁很有趣 Thanks for doing sth.ftry todosth尽力做某事jthydoingsth尝试做某事j vegetable(cn.)I fruit (un.) be different from 与不同 look after : take care of 照顾(重视)fhealthn. health yadj. style风格、方式grade评价I mark直观的分数helpsb. (to)do(v.)sth. help sb. with sth. the old 老人 kind person 热心人 the same as 与一样 kind of = a little (bit) keep in good healthy = keep healthy make a plan for 为做计划 although二though让步状语从句：虽然、尽管a hard job 难的adj J a hard stone 硬的hardshard - working 努力的work hard努力地advx,(It*s rainy hard 雨下很大Maybeheis a student He may be a student be good at sth. / doing sth. advice (un.) 建议 a piece of advice.sore肌肉引发炎症，酸痛ache连续疼痛，多加在身撒位后 lots of = a lot ofgood fineadj .表示身体好=fineI adv. wellWhat' s the matter with sb.?< What' s the trouble with sb.?What' s wrong(adj.) with sb.?What' s happened to sb.? tire(n.)tired (adj)主观感受到疲劳 tieing令人感到疲劳certainly 当然 sound like +名词/名词词组sometimes有时，常用于一般现在时some times 几次sometime某个时候，常用于将来时sometime 一段时间，常用于现在完成时want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事二 wou 1 d like sb. to do sth. Jtry todosth尽力做某事try not todosth尽力不做某事hope表示有可能实现的愿望。hope to do sth.希望去做某事；hope + that从句(that 可以省略)。另外，hope后面+s。表示“希望如此”;hope not表示“希望不是这样。 wish表示的愿望有点难实现。wish to do sth.希望做某事；wish sb. to do sth.希 望某人做某事；wish that从句，从句所表示的希望一般是不可能实现的，故用虚拟语 气。.fa balance ofbalanced (adj.)ftraditional (adj.)tradition (n.)like +名词短语for example + 句子Need sth. / to do sth. Be good for sth. / doing sth. get变得. fmaybe(adv.)1 may + v.(M) be withsth.too much + n. (un) too many + n.(cn) much too + adj. western西方的形式主语fit' s + adj. to do sth. improve 提高have a pain in the + 身体部位 名词修饰名词：修饰词总为单数woman man跟着所修饰词单复数变化sport作为修饰词总为复数there be + 主语 + doing sth. if：条件状语从句，用一般现在时表将来时。ill 表语：The boy is ill. v表语：The boy is sick,sick < _ .”定语：This is a sick boy. 不擅长：be weak is擅长：be good atAngry with sb. about sb.为某事生某人的气。 for表目的，例：We come here for vacation.spend time with sb.花时间在某人身上spend 花费fon sth.sb. spendI (in) doing sth. 将来时：1. will + V.(原)2. be going to do sth.3.用现在进行时表将来时有方向性的词 计划好的事U U babysitting babysitbabysat sb. pay 钱 for sth.He is leaving in the morning.v He is leaving on the morning of 28 th. He is leaving on a cold morning.有adj.修饰表示天气气候用ongo away 离开 Have a good time = Enjoy yourselfsend sb. sth.二 send sth. to sb. show sb. sth.二 show sth. to sb.单数复数中日友好莫要变ChineseJapaneseChineseJapanese英法联盟元音牵Englishman FrenchmanEnglishmen Frenchmenbe famous as 作为出名jaychou is famous as a singer. famous （adj M一 一，Shantou is famous for the beautiful beach,be famous for ®.而出名I Jaychou is famous for his song. think （过去式：thought） ： think about sth. / doing sth.思考think of ：想起 decide （决定）to do sth. / on sth. / on doing sth. 在某大洲中心 in： Greece is in Europe. （European 欧洲的）leave somewhere 离开某土也leave for somewhere 离开去某土也 planf plannedf planningnatural自然的 finish doing sth.完成某事hope to do sth. / 从句n. plan< plan to do sth.v1plan sth. I can' t wait to do sth.我迫不及待想做某事thenumber of 的数量 depend on依赖于in the mountain 在山区sothat ,卜如此以致tootokeep + 宾语 + adj.（宾补）卜open<. The windows issadj.开着的（closed adj.关着的）closed decide to do sth. / on sth. /on doing sth. 宾语从句：陈述句语序get to = reach = arrive in / at Would / Will you please + v（原）sit at the table 用餐 the final （adj.最后的）exam期末考试How提问方式方法thousand 千V million百万 >前面加确数不加sbillion 十亿地 + is + 距离 + (away) from B 地有具体距离不再用far(My home is far (away)frommy school.My home 10 kilometers (away)frommy school.It' s + 距离 + from A to B划线部分提问：It' s ten kilometres from my home to school.How far is it from your home to school ? It take sb.to do sth. 修(J： It takes him about 10 minutes to ride to the station. ride 车程 ：An hour' s bus ride will take you there.it's 10 kilometers. How far is it from yourhome to schools“It's 10 minuteswalk. final = at last 二in the endnot all (部分否定)并非所有：Not all students are here.f bedifferent(adj.) fromdifference(adj.),It dependson theweather. depen 映定I It dependsDn howmuch moneyyouaregoingtospendmust be肯定推测< may be 可能can't不能是a lot / far / much用来修饰比较级表示差别程度大，差别程度小用a bit / a littlea small number of 少数的a number of 许多<> + n.(pL)a g*eat / lai'ge number of JWhat do you think of ? = How do you like ? need (实义动词)+ sth. / to do sth. the number of 的数量，谓动用单数(is) The number of the students is 100./、, worryworry (v,)Don t be(adj.)invite (v.) f invitation (n.)What(a / an) + adj + n.(+主 + 谓) How + adj + 主 + 谓'不得不(客观),一-Shehastogethomebefbre5：00. haveto人称及时态变化<Ihadtostudyuntilll2 : 00lastnight.否定借助动词 do： Shedon*t havetogethomebefore5：00. discuss sth.讨论某事soon间隔快< quick 反应快 adj.fast移动速度快adj. & adv.n.火车 train <>v.训练K.T training (n.) t trainer训【练员This is a photoof Tom：这是一张照Tomi的照片This is Tonis photo 这是TomPg 的照片on one' s way to ：谁在前往的路上by the way ： 顺便提一下inways ： 方面Excuse , you' re in my way ：你挡到我了Oct.(the)24th24 th Oct.Oct.(the)24th24 th Oct.Oct. the24thanother two daysZltmeans his answer is right.这意味着他的答至是正确的。 meaning (n.) 意思 :Do you know the meaning of the word ? enjoy doing sth. be good at = as as省略to的不定式：make sb. do (原型)sth.fn. = a bit ofa little + adj. = a bit< a lot of = lot* s of + n.a lot + adj. / adv. / v.v：喜欢likeprop：像win +项目奖项beat+对手 on the farm :在农场上 take part in = join in like helping othershowever=butwho谁whose谁的宾格 < whom = who（主格：Who is the best ?whos、宾格： Whom are you going with ? make sb. adj.（宾补）lie-flying another +数字+复数名词by plane = by air break-*-brokebrokenbe +过去分词f 被动语态.I What todoHow to doit healthyf healthierfwin t woninterestbeatf beat感兴趣： This movie interests me a lot.sth.< interested = be interested in <I doing sth.interestingv.： care aboutn.： take care of = look aftercare<adj.： carefuladj.： cai-efully would like to do sth. You' d better do sth. / not do sth. view vju: n.观点face to face 面对面 another在做形容词时意为“又一个，再一个，另外的”，其后可以接可数名词的单数 或复数。 如：I have another two books to read.（它自己）ourselves （我们自己）yourselves （你们自己）themselves （他们自己）How much + be + 商品？（答：It' s/They' re）= What is the price of?（答：It ' s）cent 美分 One dollar =100 cents other（两者中的另一个）another （三者中的另一个）越接近物品本身性质的形容词越靠近物品，如：big blue hat 帮助某人做某事help sb. （to） do sth.help sb. with sth.with the help （n.） of sb. e. g. He studies math well, with the help of teacher. 一般将来时的一般形式：主语+will+动词原形+Can I help you? = What can I do for you? = （Is there） anything I can do for you?welcomea.受欢迎的V.欢迎n.欢迎get a warm welcome得到热烈欢迎 be动词不加动词原形"hundred, thousand”与基数词一起表示具体数字时不加“s”。hundreds of 上百 thousands of 上千buy sth. for sb. = buy sb.（间接宾语）sth.（直接宾语）为某人买某物 any body在肯定句中表示任何人，在否定句和疑问句中不是。 for表示动词的对象或接受者，表示用途，表示目的，表示等价交换或标注价格，表示 时间持续多久，表示距离，表示理由或原因。each强调两者或两者以上的每一个，强调个体+第三人称单数every强调三者或三者以上的每一个，强调整体There are many trees on each side of the roadThere are many trees on both sides of the road the price is low （high）价格低（高）也also放在be动词、情态动词、助动词之后，实意动词之前either放在句末（疑问句、否定句）too放在句末（肯定句） on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨when?答不用具体时间what time.?答要用具体时间 持续一段时间的节日一般用"festival".比赛contest和智力或知识有关的竞赛gamematch有计划预先安排好的比赛a kind of一种 another , the other , others , the othersanother既可作形容词又可作代词，泛指“再一个，又一个”，表示“总数为三个或 三个以上中任意的另一个”，表示泛指，可以单独使用；作定语时，修饰可数名词 单数，其前不加冠词。如：This dress is dirty , please change another one for me.the other表示“两个中的另一个”，表示特指，总数为两个；它可以单独使用，也 可用the other +可数名词单数。如：His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.others用于泛指一些人或事物中其他的，可单独使用或用。ther +可数名词复数 来代替。注意others后面不可直接加名词。如：Some students like English and other students (others) like physics.the others指一定范围内其余所有的人或物，表示特指。如：This dictionary is better than the others. 形容词、副词的比较级1 .比较级的定义大多数形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”, 用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更:比较级前面一般用much , even , a little 修饰。2 .比较级的构成(1)规则变化单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词一般在词尾加er如：calmcalmer talltaller smartsmarter以字母e结尾的直接在词尾加r如：nice一nicer fine一finer large一larger以辅音+y结尾的词，变y为i,再加er如：early一earlier happy一happier busy一busier®以重读闭音节的单个辅音字母结尾的词，双写辅音字母，再加er如：bigbigger thin一thinner hothotter多音节或部分双音节的形容词在原级前面加more如：popular一more popular important一more important(2)不规则变化少数形容词、副词的比较级变化是不规则的：good一better bad/ill一worse many/muchmore littleless farfarther/further oldolder/elder3 .比较级的用法(1)当两个人或事物(A和B)进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词或副词的原级或比 较级。表达"A和B 一样”，用asas的结构。公式：A + be动词+ as +形容词原级+ as + BA +实义动词+ as +副词原级+ as + B如：I am as tall as you.He runs as fast as I.表达“A不如B”用not as/soas的结构。公式：A + be动词的否定形式+ as +形容词原级+ as +BA +助动词的否定形式+动词+ as +副词原级+ as + B 如：I am not as tall as you. He doesn' t run as fast as I.表达“A大于B”用“比较级+tha的结构 公式：A + be动词+形容词比较级+ than + B A +实义动词+副词比较级+ than + B 如：I am taller than you. He runs faster than I. (2)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语、意思是“更 得常见词有 much , a little , even , a lot , a great deal 等。如：He is much taller than I.I jump a little higher than he. 比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构，表示具体“大多少”，“长 多少”，“短多少”等。如：I am two years older than he.This building is 20 meters higher than that one.(3)表示“越来越”比较级+ and +比较级(单音节词)；more and more +原级(多音节词) 如：It is getting warmer and warmer.He is running faster and faster.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 表示“越就越”；the+比较级,the+比较级 如：The more , the betterThe more careful you are , the fewer mistakes you will make.the+比较级of the two表示两个当中较的一个如：The taller of the two boys is my brothers.4 .运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题(1)按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替 主格。如：He is more careful than I (me).(2)只有同类的事物才能比较如：Her bag is bigger than mine.HHer bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kun Ming is much better than that of Shenyang. WThe weather of Kun Ming is much better than Shenyang.5 .加6r的双音节词大多以y、on、er> ple> ble结尾6 .由词根+前缀/后缀形成的形容词+more 一般现在时一般现在时是指经常发生的动作或存在的状态，其谓语动词用原形，当主语是第三人称 单数时谓语动词有三单变化。1. 一般现在时态的句型：(1)动词为be动词时：主语+ be动词(am/is/are) +其他部分 否定句在be动词后面加not； 一般疑问句把be动词提到句首。(2)动词为行为动词时：一般现在时态的肯定句：主语+动词原形+其他成分 主语(第三人称单数)+动词s/es+其他成分一般现在时态的否定句主语+don' t+动词原形+其他成分 主语(第三人称单数)+doesn' t+动词原形+其他成分一般现在时态的一般疑问句Do+主语+动词原形+其他成分？Does+主语(第三人称单数)+动词原形+其他成分？一般现在时态的一般疑问句特殊疑问句+一般疑问句？2.动词第三人称单数的变化(1)直接加 s,如：look一looks sleep一sleeps(2)在字母 s, x, ch, sh, o 后力口 es,如：watchwatches gogoes(3)辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再加es,如：studystudies crycries 注意：一般现在时态的特殊疑问句What does he do on weekend ?一He watches TV .all所有的whole完整的Jreal真正的jture真的(不是假的as for sth. / doing sth.eno哂 milk (n.)足够good (a4p eno哂read carefuly