文字材料式书面表达(高一公开课).docx

文字材料式书面表达探究【写作要求】三段体1.30字概括文字的大致内容2 .个人观点原因理由.建议启示（第二第三段通常根据写作要求）【写作过程】一、30字概括. What is a summary? How do we write a summary?1 .Read： Read the passage for overall content （通读全文领略大意）.2 .Find： Reread carefully, find out the topic sentences.3 .Rewrite： Write in our own words.4 .Join： Organize the key information into a paragraph, polish up the sentence, using different sentence structures and different words with the same meaning. Attention:1. Focus on main ideas and omit（省去）examples, details.（注重大意,省去详细的例子、细节）When using the words and phrases in the original passage, do not include your own opinion, but be sure to use your own words.（引用原文的词句，不能添加自己的见解，彳旦是要用自己的语言 概括）2. Write it in the third person.（第三人称）3. Control the number of words about 30.4. Paraphrase the original sentences instead of copying them. 改写而不是抄袭。避免原句抄袭 此段只是“事实的搬运工”一般来说，读写任务里的阅读材料按文体可以分成三种：记叙文、说明文和议论文。作为一 篇记叙文，我们要找出它的要素：when, where, who, what等。带着这几个问题去找，自然很 快就找出来了。说明文的阅读材料，就必须用概括性的文字来说明某种想象。议论文有三要素， 即论点、论据、论证，文章的整体结构多数为总分结构、分总结构、平行结构等。因此，我们通 常可以去第一段或最后一段找论点。 Styles of the given passage :narration t己叙文,exposition 说明文 argumentation 议论文 The six elements of a narrative passage:who, when, where, what （event）, how （process）, why.Commonly used sentence patterns:（可以使用的模板句子）故事性阅读材料，应用最简练的语言来说明故事讲述了什么，不能拖泥带水，而且最好讲述故事 给予的启示或其中的一个道理。1. The passage/ story is mainly about （talks about） + a story/ phenomenon where/that + 从句2. The writer tells/shows/states us that.3. As is shown in the passage, .4. What the passage tells/shows/states us is that.小试身手 Read the passage and finish the tasks:Hi, I am Mike. I just went through my first year of college. The toughest part on me at first was the general adjustment. I went to a very small high school where my mom was a teacher and she did practically everything for me. But at the college I need to know some basic life skills, such as balancing a check-book, laundry, and the things you have to be able to handle that I never thought of in the high school! It was really tough for me at first and I got badly homesick.Once that first semester was over and I got used to the college life, I love itgood facilities, helpful instructors, and a good library. The student's Union organizes various parties every week. I alsogo to cinemas and concerts, and often spend Saturday nights in pubs and clubs.One thing I think is important is to get yourself active in things. I was on dance team in college and met a ton of people that way-it was so much easier to make friends when you had a common ground.1 .the six elements of a narrative passagewhoWhen/where AVhatHow （process）At first:Then:At last:why2 .Mike shared with us his first year of college life. At first he, but after getting active in things for one semester, he and.The elements of an exposition :1. the topicwhat, 2.the reasonswhy, 3. the effectshow, 4. the solutions, 5.the conclusion. Commonly used sentence patterns :1.1 t is stated in the article that.2 .According to the passage, we can know that.3 .In the passage, the author states that.4 .The passage points out that.5 .The passage introduces. to us, especially its ., from which we know6 .The passage tells us ., including（方法 1）,（方法 2）and（方法 3）.7 .The passage points out that.小试身手Read the passage and finish the tasks:Jackie is perhaps the most easily annoyed koala（考拉）at the Featherdale Wildlife Park in southern Australia. All the koalas there are unhappy and complaining. You would be too if you were used to night activities and someone kept waking you up all day while you were trying to sleep it off. That's right-sleep it off. The average koala is always half asleep because it feeds on the leaves of a special kind that makes it sleepy.The reason Jackie and her fellow koalas are repeatedly awoken from their deep sleep is so they can be hugged and photographed by tourists, who make the trips to Featherdale and an increasing number of other national parks for just that special experience. Whatever department in the Aussie government in charge of such things is now moving to make the practice illegal, which is understandable. How would you react, my friend, if you were trying to sleep off a dozen times and some round, furry creature smelling of grass kept waking you?1 .the elements of the passageThe topic-what:The reasons-why:The effects-howThe solutions:The conclusion:2 .The passage tells us that The elements of an argumentationa strong statement of opiniontopic sentencessupport for the opinionsupporting sentencesconclusion/suggestionsthe purpose of the passageCommonly used sentence patterns:议论文的阅读短文，则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。1 .This article shows us the importance /necessity of.2 .We can know from the passage (that) .3 .The passage mainly discusses (that).4 .As far as the author is concerned, .5 .In the passage, the author mainly stressed (that).From the passage, we know (that)6 .The passage mainly tells us (that).The writer statesthinks argues (that)7 .The author points out (that).The passage mainly tells us/talks about.8 .We can know from the passage.小试身手Read the passage and finish the tasks:Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early, we would be energetic the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all.In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day.If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.1. A strong statement of opinion, (the key idea):2. Support for the opinion (supporting sentences)3. Conclusion/suggestions.4. The passage says that 提升策略：过好三关阅读关首先，要加大阅读量，减少在考试中遇到不熟悉话题的几率。其次，学生还需掌握一定的阅 读技巧，对于不同文体的阅读方式要做到心中有数。(2)装达关在平时的学习中，一定要巩固单词和固定短语的记忆，灵活运用五种基本句型的，以及复合 句、非谓语动词、省略句的使用等等。多进行一句多译的训练，养成用英语写日记的习惯，或一 周写几篇作文的习惯，或用英语和同学对一些身边发生的焦点问题进行讨论的习惯等。书写关要特别关注自己的书写及卷容。在同等优秀的作文面前，书写工整漂亮，卷面整洁干净的肯 定是占绝对优势的。实战演练请以约30个词概括下面短文的要点（一）阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150字左右的英语短文。Should parents leave all of their money to children and let them live a carefree life without even the necessity of earning money to support themselves? Here are two pieces of news about two celebrities:Bill Gates: Bill Gates has promised to give all of his $ 58 billion fortune to charity he has set up with his wife, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which funds health and education projects around the world. He wanted to make a positive contribution to the world.Zuckerberg: We will give 99% of our Facebook shares during our lives to advance human potential and promote equality. We know this is a small contribution compared to all the resources and talents of those already working on these issues. But we want to do what we can, working alongside many others.Many world-famous wealthy businessmen choose to donate almost all of their possessions to the charity instead of leaving their fortune to their children. In their opinion, it is better to develop the quality of independence of their children, making them possess the competence of living by themselves.【写作内容】1.以约30个词概括上述材料的主要内容。2.以约120个词谈谈你对“授之以鱼，授之以渔”的看法，内容包括： 你是否赞同这些名人的做法以及你的理由； 请你就父母如何培养孩子的独立性方面，谈谈你的看法。（二）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Everyone has an experience they would rather forget. Some are embarrassing, some are moving, and some teach us a lesson. Here is a story of mine.Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod with bait, I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later, I didn't catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff, preparing to go back home.Just then, I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise, his basket was full of fish, so I went over to him, wanting to know why. "Excuse me, but how long have you sat here?" I asked. "About four hours；' he answered. "Four hours?” I couldn't believe my ears. "Yes. It's very important to be patient/5 the old man said. "Don't consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it." Suddenly, I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait, but I didn't move and waited for the right moment to reel it in. At last, I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours, I caught over 10 fish.On my way home, I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.写作内容1）以约30个词概括短文的要点；2）然后以约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你认识到耐心的重要性的一次经历，并包括如下 的要点：ia）叙述你认识到耐心的重要性的一次真实或虚构的经历；b）你是如何认识到耐心的重要性的；c）耐心对你的生活、学习有什么影响。（三）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150字左右的英语短文。One morning, Mr Hare was running on the road. Suddenly he saw Mr Tortoise, who was also running on the road towards him. Mr Hare ran up to Mr Tortoise and laughed at him. Mr Tortoise got angry and wouldn't take failure lying down, so he suggested having a race to see who could first get to the big tall tree by the roadsides. Mr Hare agreed with him without hesitation. The race began. Mr Hare and Mr tortoise started from the same line at the same time. When Mr Hare was far ahead of Mr Tortoise and even couldn't see Mr Tortoise, he thought that Mr Tortoise fell behind and couldn't catch up with him. So he stopped and lay down to have a nap. But soon he fell asleep. At the same time, Mr Tortoise kept on running and running. When Mr Hare woke up, he found Mr Tortoise had already sat under the tree and was smiling at him!写作内容1）以大约30个词概括短文的要点；2）以大约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你或你的朋友因骄傲而落后的一次经历，并包含以 下内容：a）谈谈这则故事给人们的启示；b）叙述你或你的朋友因骄傲而落后的一次真实或虚构的经历；c）谈谈这次经历对你或你的朋友思想态度的影响。（四）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Years ago in Scotland Clark and his wife worked and saved, making plans for their family to travel to the United States. Finally they had saved enough money and gotten passports. The entire family were filled with excitement. However, seven before their departure, the youngest son was bitten by a dog. The doctor sewed up the boy but hung a yellow sheet on the Clarks' front door. Because of the possibility of rabies, they were separated for fourteen days.The family*s dream was dashed. They would not be able to make the trip to America as they planned. The father, filled with disappointment and anger, wept bitter tears and cursed both his son and God for their misfortune.Five days later, the tragic news spread throughout Britain- Titanic, which was on her maiden voyage on April 14, 1912, had sunk, taking hundreds of lives with it. The Clark family should have been on that ship, but because the son had been bitten by a dog, they were left behind.When Mr. Clark heard the news, he hugged his son and thanked him for saving the family. He thanked for God for turning what he had felt was a tragedy into a blessing.写作内容1）以大约30个词概括短文的要点；2）以大约120个词写一篇记叙文，描写你或你的朋友因祸得福的一次经历，并包含以下内 容：a）叙述你或你的朋友因祸得福的一次真实或虚构的经历；b）谈谈这次经历对你或你的朋友的影响。（五）阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。Once upon a time some tiny frogs held a competition. The first to reach the top of a very high tower would be the winner.A big crowd gathered around the tower to see the race and cheer them on.The race began. No one in the crowd really believed that any of the tiny frogs would reach the top of tower. "They will never get to the top! They will never succeed!” someone said.One by one, the tiny frogs began to collapse （退下）.The crowd kept shouting, "It is too difficult! No frog will make it!”More tiny frogs got tired and gave up, but one continued climbing, higher and higher. This one wouldn't give up.In the end, he was the only one left-the only one to get to the top. The other frogs naturally wanted to know: How did the frog make it?One frog stepped forward to ask the winner. It turned out:. that the winner was deaf.He had won because he was able to keep his own mind. He was able to keep trying. He couldn't hear criticism; neither could he hear praise.写作内容1）以约30个词概括寓言故事的大意。2）然后以120个词就“坚持就会成功”这个主题发表你的看法，并包括如下要点：a）叙述这个寓言给你的启示；b）以自己或朋友、家人的经历说明“坚持就会成功”或者不坚持导致失败；c）你自己的感受或思想。二、发表观点或看法理由Topic sentence表支持 I am in complete agreement with I am in total support of I am in approval ofI am in favor ofI am for I agree with I subscribe toI support表反对 I am againstI am in disagreement withI am opposed toI opposeI object to I disapprove of1. Supporting sentences陈述理由使用连接词 连接句（详见模板句子及附录）高档词汇高档句型（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、非谓语动词、倒装句、省略句、强调句型、谚语、被动语态、虚拟语气等）2. ,可以使用的模板句子总述原因（1 ）There are several reasons that contribute to . （2）My views are based on the following reasons. 分层论述（l）On the one hand,. On the other,. 一方面另一方面(2)For one thing,. For another. 一贝l1二则(3)To begin with/First of all/First (ly)5. Second (ly)? . Besides/Furthermore /Whafs more,. Finally/Last but not least.首先其次此外/而由最后列举例子(l)Take. for example.以为例吧(2)For example/instance,.例如, (3)suchas比如说，诸如之类的引出经历What impresses me most is that.我印象最为深的是分析因果Thanks to/ Owing to/ Because of.由于/因为Consequently/Therefbre/Thus/ As a result,.因止匕/结果.引出话题(1 )There is no doubt that. 毫无疑问(2)It can not be denied that. 不可否认(3)No one can ignore the fact that. 谁也不可忽视(4)From what is mentioned above, we know. 依上所述，我们知道总结句开头语(1 )To sum up/In short/In conclusion/ In a word/All in all,. 总之， (2)Taking all the factors into account, we can draw a conclusion that.考虑到以上因素，我们可以得 出这样的结论：(3)From the discussion above, it can be safely concluded that.根据以上讨论，可以得出如下结 论：(4)To be brief, we should be aware of the importance of.总之，我们应当明白的重要性。(5)Therefore, it is necessary for us to . 因此，我们有必要(6)Only /in this way /when we. can we.只有用这种方法/当时，我们才能三、建议启示1 . Topic sentence表达自己观点(l)As for me,. (2)In my opinion,. (3)As far as I am concerned,. (4)From my point of view.(5)1 hold the view/belief that. (6)Personally, I believe that. (7)According to my experience, I think that.2 . Supporting sentences 理由或者宿示.conclusionOnly in this way / when / if / by doing so can .可以使用的模板句子(同第二部分)附录:那么如何做至心起、乘、转、合”呢?一、起：启动观点、引出话题的表达。常用于“起”的词语和句型有：1 .单词：first, firstly, now, recently, lately(近来),nowadays, currently(目前、 当前、 时下)2 .短语：at first, first of all, in the first place, first and foremost(首要的是，首先),in the beginning, to begin with, to start with, at present, for one