2023年高考英语书面表达专题复习：应用文写作参考模板.docx

2023年高考英语书面表达专题复习：应用文写作参考模板一、邀请信开头段：1 .问候.自我介绍2 .阐述事情.写信目的How is everything going these days? I am LiHua, a member of the students1 union. There is going to be an English speaking contest in our school on Sunday. Now, I am writing to invite you to take part in the contest as our guest. 中间段：3 .介绍细节.主题和意义4 .地点和时间.人员5 .联系方式Here are some details for the activity. To begin with, the theme of the contest is nHuman and Nature", which is not only meaningful but also interesting. In addition, it will be held in Room 501 from 2: 00 to 5: 00 on the afternoon of June 15th. Whats more, ten outstanding students will take part in the contest. Last but not least, if you need any further information, please call me at 12345. 结尾段6 .盼望到来11如果到来感到荣幸12 .告知我你的决定We are sincerely looking forward to your coming. My schoolmates and I will feel much honored if you can make it. Please send an email to me or give me a call to let me know your decision soon. Thank you.二、建议信开头段：stony多石的rocky多岩石的roaring咆哮的 narrow狭窄的impressive给人深刻印象的 grassy长满草的golden金色的 frozen冰冻的 flat平坦的dry千燥的attractive吸引人的 cross-country 横越全国的 enjoyable令人愉快的exciting激动人心的 memorable难忘的lovely美好的historic历史上著名的 mountainous 多 山 的remote遥远的romantic浪漫的wild荒凉的wonderful美妙的（三）人物外貌描写 scruffily dressed 衣着不整洁 neatly dressed衣着干净整洁 well-dressed衣着讲究的 smartly dressed 衣着得体 plain相貌平平的good-looking 好看的 elegantly dressed 穿着优雅muscular强壮的 short个子矮的 tall高的overweight 超重的 plump丰满 thin瘦的skinny极瘦的 slim苗条的 medium height中等身高 tubby矮胖的（四）人物性格特征描写 人物性格特征描写： simple-minded头脑简单的 polite有礼貌的 modest谦虚的 knowledgeable知识渊博的 imaginative富于想象力的 ill-mannered举止粗鲁的 hard-working工作努力的 impatient急躁的 sweet和蔼的 brave勇敢的 careful仔细的careless粗心的 good-hearted好心肠的 responsible有责任心的 diligent勤奋的 experienced有经验的 forgetful健忘的 cold冷酷的calm镇定的strong坚强的 selfish自私的 romantic浪漫的quiet文静的nervous焦虑的lovely可爱的gentle温柔的generous大方的adventurous喜欢冒险的vigorous精力旺盛的charming有吸引力的confident 自信humorous幽默的optimistic 乐观的outstanding 杰出的pessimistic 悲观的pleasant令人愉快的proud骄傲的rude没礼貌的sociable善于交际的spirited精神饱满的二、叙述故事常用的语义连接词汇并歹U关系：both.and., not only.but also., neither.or., and对称关系：on the one hand, on the other hand； for one thing, for another对比关系：while, on the contrary递进关系： even, what*s more, besides, what's worse, to make things worse, worse still转折关系：but, however, otherwise因果关系： as, because, since, for让步关系：though, even if/though, no matter what, whether.or.三、动作和心理描写美句He hung/lowered/bent/bowed his head in shame.他羞愧地垂/低下了头。1. He scratched his head, not understanding a word.他挠了挠头，一个字也听不懂。1.1 threw myself into a deep sleep as soon as my head hit pillow.我头一碰到枕头就睡着了。4 .Her face lit up/brightened/glowed when I gave her the present.我给她礼物时，她的脸上焕发出了光彩。5 .Jack's face flushed/burned with embarrassment.杰克窘得满脸通红/发烫。6 .He felt his cheeks burning with shame.他因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烫。7 .A tear slid down her cheek.滴泪顺着她的脸颊滑落下来。8 . His eyes were wide with horror.他吓得目瞪口呆。9.She laughed, her eyes shining/sparking/glistening glowing with excitement. 她笑了，兴奋得两眼放光/闪烁着光芒。10 .The tears welled up in my eyes.我热泪盈眶。11 .A smile played around his mouth.他的嘴上挂着一丝笑意。12 .Her mouth grew stiff with pain and distress.疼痛和悲伤让她嘴巴发僵。13 .She froze, her mouth hanging open.她呆住了，张着嘴。14 .He reached for her hand and held it tightly.也伸手抓住她的手并紧紧握住。15 .He shook my hands as if we were long lost friend.他握住我的手好像我们是失散多年的朋友。16 .He slid his hands into his pockets.他将手伸进口袋里。17 .She raised/held up a finger to her lip to ask for silence.她把手指举到嘴边，示意安静。18 .He was running forward, waving his arms.他正向前跑，挥舞着手臂。19 .He stood there with crossed arms, looking angry.他站在那里，双手交又抱在胸前，看上去很生气。20 . She folded her arms and stared at him.她双手交叉，盯着他看。21 .He ran up to her and put/threw his arms around her.他向她跑去，伸出双臂抱住她。22 .My shoulders dropped with relief.我的肩膀松弛了下来。23 .She shouldered her way through the crowd.她侧身从人群中挤了过去。24 .With a heavy/sinking/broken heart, she watched him go.她看着他离去，心很沉重/心碎了。25 .He set off with a light heart.他怀着愉快的心情出发了。26 .Finally, he broke down in tears and poured out his heart to her. 最后，他忍不住痛哭流涕，向她倾诉了他的心声。27 .Her heart leaped with joy她的心高兴地都要跳出来了。28 .He smiled and her heart melted.他笑了，她的心融化了。29 .Her heart was pounding with excitement.她的心激动地怦怦直跳。30 .He backed slowly out of the room.他慢慢地退出了房间。31 .She jumped to her feet when she heard the news.当她听到这个消息时，她跳了起来。32 .She dragged her feet as she reluctantly followed her parents.她不情愿地跟在父母后面，拖着脚步。33 .Mick felt so scared that his throat tightened and his knees felt weak.米克感到非常害怕，他的喉咙发紧了，膝盖感到虚弱。34 .Mick froze with terror, too scared to move an inch.米克吓呆了害怕得一动不动。35 .Mick was rooted to the spot with fear, unable to utter a word.米克被吓得目瞪口呆，一句话也说不出来。四、常用修辞.明喻：用一种事物比喻所要说明的另一事物，两者在本质上或性质上有相似 之处。常用格式是“本体+喻体”，常用like, asas, as if或as though引导。例：Life is rather like opening a tin of sardines. We're all looking for the opener.人生就像开启一罐沙丁鱼，我们大家都在找起子。Good coffee is like friendship: rich and warm and strong.好的咖啡如同友谊：丰厚、温暖、热烈。1 .暗喻：对所比喻事物不直接点明而是用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似 特点的另外一个事物。例：Humor is the shock absorber of life, it helps us take幽默是生活的减震器，它可以鼓舞我们付诸行动Love is a lamp. The darker the background is, the brighter it looks.爱是一盏灯。背景越暗，它看上去就越亮。2 .拟人：赋予无生命事物、自然现象、抽象概念或动物人的感情、行为、品 质、态度等特征，以达到彼此交融、合二为一的效果。例：The wind stood up and gave a shout.大风凛冽，发出怒吼。The forest held its breath, and the trees seemed to listen attentively。 森林屏住了呼吸，树木似乎聚精会神地听着。3 .类比；比较两事物在多方面的相似或不同之处，常用结构：A is to B what C is to D: A之于B犹如C对D 一样。例： Shoes are to feet what tires are to wheels.鞋子之于脚犹如轮胎之于车轮一样。 Books are to our minds what food is to our body.书籍之于我们的思想，犹如食物之于我们的身体。5.夸张：通过夸大程度达到强调句意、丰富感情色彩的目的。 He worked his fingers to the bone。他拼命干活。 I was scared to death.我吓得要死。6.引用：写文章时，引用现成语(如成语、诗句、格言、典故等)以表达自己 的思想感情，说明自己对新问题、新道理的见解。它使论据确凿、充分，增强 说服力，富有启发性，而且语言精炼，含蓄典雅。例：What impresses me most is his famous saying, Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration."最让我印象深刻的是他的名言：“天才是百分之一的灵感加上百分之九十九的汗 水。”(2)Since"life is a stage", we are actually actors and actresses.因为“生活是一个舞台"，我们实际上都是男女演员。五、方法技巧1、写作标准(1)故事要围绕主要人物展开。(2)详细刻画人物角色及其情感。(3)有效使用连接成分，结构紧凑.(4)运用丰富的词汇、语法结构和修辞使描写生动。(5)第一段和第二段的内容衔接自然，逻辑合理通顺。(6)续写内容与所给短文融洽度高，语言风格保持一致，思想积极向上。2、做题步骤Stepl：浏览所给信息，确定大意主题一一落点。Step2：梳理已知段落，确定主要情节一一重点。Step3：借助段落开头，确定续写内容一一突破点。Step4：刻画细节冲突，优美连贯表达亮点。Step5：做到首尾呼应，结构完整合理一一基本点。3、写作误区(1)情节设计要符合生活实际和文章逻辑，避免太过离奇。(2)叙述力求精炼、生动、连贯，对话不要太多，书面化的长句不宜太多。1 .问候.自我介绍2 .了解到的事情.写信目的How is everything going these days? I am Li Hua, chairman of the English club. In your letter I know that you have difficulty in preparing for the English speaking contest, which is going to take place on Sunday. Now, I am writing to give you a hand. 中间段：3 .我的建议可能带来好结果.我建议4 .你最好8为什么不9如果我是你会The following suggestions carried out, things will probably become much better. To begin with, I would like to suggest that you should practise it before a mirror to find and correct some problems. In addition, you may as well use short, clear and powerful words so that you can leave a deep impression on the judges. What's more, why not ask your teacher for some guidance. Last but not least, if I were you, I would keep smiling and even if I forget my words. 结尾段10 .希望建议有帮助.询问是否还需帮助12相信你能做好Hopefully these suggestions will be of great help to you. If there is anything else I can do for you, please let me know as soon as possible. I'm sure you can solve your problem before long.三、求助信 开头段： 1.问候.自我介绍2 .有件事很棘手.写信目的How is everything going these days? I am Li Hua, an English learner from a high school. I am preparing for an English speaking contest, but I meet with some trouble, which I can't deal with on my own. Now, I am writing to ask you to give me a hand. 中间段：3 .请您费心帮个忙.困难一4 .困难二.困难三Hopefully you would be so kind as to give me some help on the following problems. To begin with, I have difficulty in pronouncing correctly, which has annoyed me for quite a long time. In addition, I find it extremely hard for me to use proper tone of voice. Last but not least, being nervous is another terrible headache for me because I lack the experience on this matter. 结尾段：5 .希望您提供帮助10感激不尽11.盼望回复Hopefully your kind and timely help would be offered to me. I would appreciate it if you could do me a favor. Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 四、道歉信 开头段：1 .问候.自我介绍2 .对某事感到抱歉.写信目的How is everything going these days? I am Li Hua, your best friend from No.2 high school. The other day, we made an appointment to go on a trip to Beijing on Sunday but I can't make it. Now, I am writing to give you my heartfelt apology for it. 中间段：3 .解释原因.另一件事的意义4 .希望对方能站在我的立场并给予理解.想法弥补The reason why I will be unable to go with you is that the CCTV English speaking contest is going to take place that day. As you know, I've been waiting for the chance for months. Therefore by no means can I miss it. On the one hand, Fm sure you will be able to think in my position and if you were me, you would make the same choice. On the other hand, I would appreciate it if you could allow me to make another date to achieve our wishes.结尾段：5 .还望接受道歉并理解.告诉我你的决定6 .再次表示歉意Hopeful you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. Please send an email to me or give me a call to let me know your decision soon. Once again, F m sorry for any inconvenience caused.五、申请（自荐）信开头段：7 问候自我介绍8 读到一个招聘广告写信目的How is everything going these days? I am Li Hua, a 17-year-old boy currently studying in Hongxing middle school. I read the advertisement that you have posted on the Internet, employing Chinese students as part-time tutors of the Chinese language. Now, I am writing to apply for the job.中间段：9 引出申请原因优势一10 优势二,优势三11 说明计划.计划一12 .计划二There are three main reasons why I am fit for the job. To begin with, Chinese is my mother tongue and I am excellent at it. In addition. I have been learning English for 9 years with a good command of oral and written English. Whats more, I am willing to help foreigners learn Chinese well and introduce Chinese culture to the world as well. Besides the advantages above, I also make a few plans for it. I am going to communicate with the students first to know what they want to learn. And then I will make every effort to get them interested in Chinese and Chinese culture by telling stories, singing songs playing games and so on. 结尾段：13 .希望得到机会.如果选中我会如何做14 .盼望回复Hopefully the chance would be offered to me. If chosen. I would dedicate all my energy and wisdom to the job. Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 六、感谢信 开头段：1 .问候.自我介绍2 .说明个人所得.写信目的How is everything going these days? I am Li Hua, a 17-year-old boy currently studying in Hongxing middle school. I won first prize in the CCTV Cup National English Speaking Contest. Now, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you. 中间段：3 .引出对方所为.对方做的第一件事7对方做的第二件事,对方做的第三件事8 .总结说明这些事令人难忘Every time I catch sight of our photos taken with you, I just can't help thinking of what you have done for me. To begin with, it was so kind of you to help me practice my oral English patiently. In addition, you taught me a lot of advanced grammar, which really benefited me a lot. What's more, I shall always remember you shared with me many outstanding English novels. Nothing will be able to erase our wonderful memories, and I will cherish them forever. 结尾段：9 .代表表示感谢.祝你万事如意10 .盼望回复on behalf of my whole family, would like t to thank you again for what you have done for me. May you be blessed in everything you do. Looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.七、投诉信开头段：1 .自我介绍.委婉但义正言辞地投诉My name is Li Hua, a loyal customer of your company. I feel bad to trouble you but I have to make a complaint about the unpleasant online shopping experience on the lovereading, com, which used to be my most reliable e-bookstore. 中间段：2 .简述何时何地买的产品或受到的服务.问题一3 .问题二.对我的影响On 7th April, 2017, I bought the novel THE CALL OF THE WILD on the website. Unexpectedly, it was one week later when the book was delivered. What's more, when I opened the parcel, I found several pages of the book missing. You can probably imagine how disappointed I was at that moment.结尾段：4 .提出解决办法.这样做也有利于对方5 .相信你会认真对待并盼望回复I do hope that there will be a replacement as soon as possible and I can receive it on time. Above all, good service leads to booming business. I believe you will take my case seriously and I am looking forward to your reply.八、书面通知开头段：1 .疑问句吸引读者.机会来了：何时何地有何事NoticeBoys and girls,Do you want to have a better knowledge of English? Here comes your opportunity: we will have a lecture on how to communicate with others in English in the school lecture hall, from 3: 00 to5: 00 on Saturday afternoon.中间段：2 .介绍活动主要人员.活动参与者3 .活动要求一.活动要求二The lecture will be given by Professor Li, who is a famous English expert from Oxford University. Its very useful for your English learning, and all the students are welcomed to attend the lecture on time, especially those who are members of the English club. You're required to bring notebooks and pens with you so that you can set down some important tips in time. If you have any questions or topics you are very interested in you can have them prepared and put them forward at the lecture. 结尾段：4 .重申希望大家按时参加.相信你会不虚此行Everybody is welcome to attend it. Make sure you'll come on time and don*t be late. Fm sure you will benefit a lot and your English will gain much progress.Students1 Union技巧与策略1 .明确应用文体裁，有的放矢应用文是为特定目的服务的，写作动因与目的非常明确，写作格式和体例也趋于 稳定。语言要突出规范性、严肃性，切忌过分繁琐、铺垫太多，文字既要简洁明 了又要把要点概括齐全，针对体裁定位要选用适当的语气和语言。2 .合理谋篇布局，有效使用语句间的连接成分、较为复杂的句式结构以及高级表 达方式在写作之前，根据逻辑关系对材料的要点进行组合、调整，充分展现考生不拘泥 于材料的灵活思维。高考鼓励考生尽量使用较复杂的语言结构。较复杂的语言结 构通常指以下几种情况：(1)尽量使用复合句，如在一句中加入定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句、同位 语从句、主语从句或表语从句。(2)使用变化多样的句式，如疑问句祈使句、倒装句、省略句。(3)使用非谓语动词、强调句型和其他固定句型。另外，文章中词汇的运用，能够充分体现考生的词汇量和整体英语水平。3 .平时注重系统、高效的训练，书写训练不容忽视写作训练要循序渐进，不可能一蹴而就。可以分为词、句、文的训练周期，也可 以按照体裁、题材等进行系统训练。另外，应注重选材质量，尽量选择学生熟悉、 贴近生活实际且易于学生对写作信息进行输出的材料。选材时注意内容的简洁性、 时态的清晰性、词汇使用的普及性和规范性，选材要有利于培养学生的创新精神。 书写训练也是很重要的一个环节，字体优美、卷面整洁，可为习作增光添彩，给 阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象。学生应该在老师的修正下，对作品精雕细刻，多 出“精品”，乃至“极品”。4 .确保写作时间确保写作时间包含两个方面：平时训练不应拖拖拉拉，应限时完成，完成时间 通常在20-25分钟；考试时要提高阅读速度，以确保书面表达有足够的时间高 质量地完成。有的老师要求学生在做完完形填空后就做第二卷，最后做阅读，以 确保书面表达的时间，这也不失为应试的一种小技巧。5 .高考评分标准评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求 来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇、语法结构的数量和准确性 及上下文的连贯性。拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予 以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。如书写较差以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。（新高考）读后续写一、续写中常用的话题词汇（一）天气描写warm温暖的hot热的rainy多雨的cloudy多云的snowy下雪多的foggy有雾的damp潮湿的cold寒冷的clear晴朗的changeable变化无常的stormy有暴风雨的terrible可怕的wet有雨的windy风大的awful糟糕的frosty霜冻的sunny阳光充足的pleasant令人愉快的mild温和的（二）场景描写