备战2023年高考英语重难题型高分攻略03 非谓语动词（学生版）.docx

备曲2023高考语法之非谓语动词考点目录内容板块一基础知识解析板块二单句语法填空板块三篇章语法填空-：基础知识解析1：考向归纳非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注 意其所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分 词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分 词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考 查在些动词后作宾语的用法等。2：知识详解作状语类别用法例句动 词 不 定 式作目的状语，可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to 一般不可置于句首，意为“为了;想要To enjoy the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. 为了享受数 字支付的便利，很多老年人开始使用智能手机。动词不作结果状语，常用于下列结构中:。nly to do（表 示意想不到的结果）;enough to do（足够做）;too.to do（太而不能）;so/such.as to.（如此以至于.）等。Tom took a taxi to （he airport, only to find his plane high up in （he sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现 他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。定式作原因状语,常用在“主语+系动词+形容词+1。 do”结构中。这类形容词有:easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous, surprised, astonished, delighted, disappointed 等。This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.这台机器很容易操作。只需几分钟，任何人都能学会使用它。分分词作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、A city is the product of the human hand and mind.own strange charm. Macao 42(consider) to get its name from A-Ma Temple, a temple to the Chinesesea-goddess Mazu in the 16*h century.Today, the city is classical and modern at the same time. It is a harmonious 43(combine) of Chineseand Western elements. One can enjoy historic attractions such as the Ruins of Saint Paul's and Macao Rose Hall.44 on the other side of the city stand 45(variety) grand, luxury hotels and modem shoppingmalls,46(tell) you the modern story of Macao. Macao has made improvements in economic development. Over the past decades, local residents have lived and worked 47(peaceful).As a world-famous tourist destination, Macao attracts nearly 40 million inbound tourists every year. It is said to be a place 48 makes you forget your age and fatigue and feel so 49(absorb) that you won'l leaveonce you're there. The past two decades have witnessed great changes in Macao. Now it is a world center of tourism and leisure and a service platform for business cooperation between China Portuguese speaking countries. Looking to the future, Macao will continue to move forward together with 50(it) motherland.Passage GThe medals for the 2022 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games were presented at “Together for a Shared Future'', the 100-day countdown event 41(hold) for the Winter Games last Tuesday.The medals 42(call) ttTongxin, meaning “together as one”, and feature five concentric (同心的)rings representing the traditional Chinese thought of harmony between heaven, earth 43 human beings. Therings also symbolize the Olympic rings carved in the inner circle and the Olympic spirit of 44(unite) the world through sports, The surrounding rings are carved with the Games' official title, “XXIV Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022"，along with cloud and snowflake patterns, with the outer ring free 45 decoration.The other side 46(have) the “Beijing 2022" at its heart with the official name of the Games carved inChinese below. The surrounding rings are like star trails, with 24 dots representing the 24th edition of the Olympic Winter Games. The general picture, which resembles a celestial map (天体图),carries the wish 47 athletesshine like stars at the Games and achieve 48(excellent) and success.The 2022 Paralympic medals 49(basic) share similar concentric-ring designs with the Olympicmedals but with (he Paralympic logo in the center and "Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games” below. The 50(word) “gold, silver or bronze“ are also written in Braille (盲文)for the respective medals. Theother side features the image of the Paralympic Winter Games, and 13 dots referring to the 13th edition of the Paralympics.词让步、伴随状况等。为了强调,还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连用。非谓语动词作状 语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一 致,现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作 与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。过去 分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子 主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。reflecting man's intelligence and creativity.座城市 是人类的手与大脑的产物，这反映出了人类的智慧与 创造性。（2018 北京卷）Ordinary soap, used correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.如果正确使用的话，普通肥皂 可以有效地消灭细菌。独 立 主 格名词/代词+形容词/副词/名词/介词短语/现在 分词/过去分词/不定式（主动表被动）Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组 织一次海滨郊游。独 立 主 格with/vithout+名词/代词+宾语补足语（现在分 词/过去分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语）With so much work to do, I cannot spare a minute. 有 这么多工作要做，我一分钟也挤不出来。I couldn't do my homework with all that noise going on. 由于噪音不断，我没法做作业。独 立 成 分有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常考的有:generally speaking(io be general)一般来说;honesily/roughly/sirictly speaking 老实说/大体说/严格说;frankly speaking/to be frank 坦白说;judging from/by 根据来判断;taking.into consideration/account 考虑至ij;considcring/sccing/givcn.考虑至;to tell the truth/to be honest 说实话;compared with/to与相比;io make things worse更糟糕的是。谓语动词作定语类别用法例句I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had 不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示.人士 M 士.a train to catch.我在会议期间一直看表,因为我要赶火 将来的动作。，车。序数词、形容词最高级、the last> the only等后或被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定He was the first suest to arrive.他是第一个到的客人。式作定语。注意:该名词或代词是作定语的非谓语动词的执行者。被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。And the best way to strengthen willpower is to make it 常见名词有:ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, into a habit.增强意志力最好的方法就是让它成为一种 fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way 等。 习惯。特不定式作定语，当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式使用主动式;当句子的主语不是不 别定式的逻辑主语且不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时,不定式使用被动式。提 I have a letter to post, so I can't go swimming with you.醒我有一封信（需要我）要寄出，因此我不能和你一起去游泳了。I have a letter to be posted. Can you help me? 我有一封信想让别人替我寄出去,你能帮我吗?及物动词的分词形式作定语的形式:现在 分词、“bcing+过去分词”、过去分词。当 被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时， 用现在分词;当被修饰的名词与分词之间 为被动关系且表示正在进行时，用“being+ 分词 过去分词”;当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。（2019 天津卷）Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed lo help them succeed academically and personally.大多数大学现在为大一的学生提供一门 专门为他们设计的课程，以帮助他们在学术和个人方面取 得成功。Last night, there were millions of people watching the opening ceremony live on TV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了 开幕式的电视直播。不及物动词的分词形式作定语的形式:现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示动作正falling leaves正在落下的叶子（表正在进行） 在进行;过去分词只表示动作已完成，不表fallen leaves落叶（表完成）被动。非谓语动词作宾语decide/determine. leam. want, expect/hope/wish,.I have decided to study engineenng.我已经送定 接不定式 refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise,学工程学。作宾语的 choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help动词特别提醒allow, permit, forbid, advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用 不定式作宾补。即 allow/permit/forbid/advise doing/sb. to do sth.»（l）lry lo do 尽力做;try doing 试着去做mean to do 打算做;mean doing 意味着接不定式 （3）regret to do遗憾要去做;regret doing后与动名词悔做过作宾语意 （4）rcmcmbcr to do 记得去做;rcmcinbcr义不同的 doing记得做过动词（5）forget to do 忘记去做;forget doing 忘记做了I still remember being taken to （he Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺,并记得在那里 我所看到的一切。1 remembered to lock the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.我离开办 公室之前记得关门，但却忘记关灯了。,r “动词want, need, require作“需要”讲时，其后要用v.-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形, 式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve（值得）。提醒、一The window needs clcaning/to be cleaned. （window 与 clean 之间存在被动关系）作介词的 be/get used to, feel like, insist on, get down I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do 宾语时，要 t。，devote.to., object to, stick to, have working with students.我过去航海和现在与学生用动名词 difficulty/trouble （in）;have fun （in）们打交道一样开心。形式，不能用动词不定式考虑建议盼原谅:consider, The squirrels were lucky that they just missed beingsuggest/advisejook forward to,，一，一caught.松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。excuse/pardonI would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 承认推迟没得想:admit,delay/put我对你今天下午回电话表示感谢。一般只接off,fancy （想要）I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic动名词作避免错过继续练:avoid, miss, keep/keep on,.加n诋/台匕太曰电处生五h工?Ocean in five days.我几乎不能想象彼得在五天之 宾语的动 practice 内横渡大西洋。词或词组否认完成就欣He got well prepared for the job interview, for he® :deny,finish,enjoy/appreciatecouldn't risk losing the good opportunity.他为这次禁止想象才冒险:forbid,imagine,risk工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好不禁介意准逃亡:can、help, mind,机会的风险。allow/permit, escape 非谓语动词作宾补一类别用法例句If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, 不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主.卜.u.wc must give them an alternative they can rely on.不动关系。常用不定式作宾补的动词（短语）:advise,如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给 定 allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid,他们可以依赖的选择式 force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require,、Parents want their children to develop fully.父母 remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on 等。想让他们的孩了全面发展。现在分词作宾补时，动词与宾语之间存在主动关系，且强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补Listen! Do you hear someone calling For help?听！ 的常见动词:see, watch, observe, notice, hear, feel,你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗?have, get, find, leave, keep, catch 等。分词过去分词作宾补时,动词与宾语之间存在被动关I need a new passport so I will have to have my 系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:see, watch,了心干. 人立+，忆33仆/日photograph taken.我需要一个新护照，因此我得 observe, notice, hear, feel, have, make, get, find,拍张照片。 leave, keep 等。with的复合 withfcth dnin成表主动且进行.或表特征）John received an invitation to dinncr,and with sth_being done俵被动且进行）his work finished,he gladly accepted it.约翰收 sth-deme俵被动且完成，或表状态）到了一封宴请函，而且他的工作也完成了，他、sth_to do俵将来）欣然接受了邀请。With a lot of difficult problems (o settlejhe newly elected president is having a hard time.因 为有很多难题要解决，这位新选的总统的日子 不好过。非谓语动词作主语和表语类 别用法例句不定式作主语时般表示具体某二次的动作。 若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式 后置。It's our duty to take good care of the old.照顾好老人是 我们的责任。不 定 式不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作; 当主语是 aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语; 主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不 定式。His wish is to be a doctor in the future.他的愿望是将来 当一名医生。What I want to do most in senior high is (to) improve my English.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。 (不定式作表语时,如果前面有实义动词do的形式，作表 语的不定式常省略2。)动 名 词动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动 作。也可用it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主 语放在句末。动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于 解释主语的内容,表语和主语常常可以互换位 置。(2018 北京卷)Traveling along (he old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经 历。常用动名词作主语的句型:Il's a waste of lime doing.no use/good doing.;It is useless doing.oIt's no use complaining without taking action. 不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。-：单句语法填空l.More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, (take) advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.2.On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,(listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.3 .All those climbers need(bring) a lot of gear (装置)and much of it ends up being left on the mountains, becoming the world's tallest rubbish dump.4 .As we all know, the marathon is another, which is a long distance race(create) in honour of a Greek soldier running from Marathon to Athens to report the victory in the Persion Wars.5 .There are plenty of breathtaking walks to choose from, which will lead you(discover) Dartmoor's ancient and rugged (粗犷的)charm!6 .Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more, but scientists have had difficulty (determine) "which came first, the chicken or the cgg?,says Julie Lumeng of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.7 .First of all,(hecome)aware of what causes your worry will help to reduce the stress.8 .Traditional Chinese wedding customs may vary from place to place and time to time, but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people,(cause) a far-reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives.9 . (compare) with other teachers, Mr. Moore pays more attention to his way of teaching.1 O.It remains(see) if the advancement of globalization would cause the ethnic groups to lose their individual identity.11 .The article makes analysis on the research process and points out problems remaining (solve).12 .Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape(fire) by his boss.13 .The study shows there is a deep fear among the elderly of (abandon) to the care of strangers.14 .While the weather was extremely bad, they were not allowed to delay (distribute) emergency aid among people in the flood-hit area.15 .As the truth was brought to light, he succeeded in(demonstrate) his honesty to his boss.16 .Walking to work,(take) part in an online exercise program or meeting with friends fbr a walk also works to easily get more physical activity.17 .China's National Development and Reform Commission is taking a number of measures (design) to cut the production and use of plastics over the next five years.18 .They're neither medical workers in close contact with the novel coronavirus nor government officials who receive the latest updates of the situationyet they're keeping us(inform)of the development of the epidemic.19 .When a game comes to an end, (he winner is determined by(count) each player's surrounded territories along with captured stones and komi (贴 目).20 . Adults can note that(make) personal sacrifices (牺牲)一such as postponing a vacation or staying home if we're not feeling wellhelps to reduce the chance of carrying illness into our own communities.21 .The boss whose company I worked in two years ago has much experience in(solve) this kind of problem.22 . Suddenly it seems to them that Nina has become an extremely unhappy teenager who lacks direction rather than an aduk living her own life. (see) their aimless daughter every day, they are very disappointed.1 3.In this city, (here is the Pu'er Monument to the National Unity Oath, known as “the No. 1 Monument of New China fbr National Unity"，Mcnglian Xuanfiisi Department(reflect) the history and culture of the Dai nationality, and a batch of national dances and songs enjoying great popularity including “Troth Plighting” and "Awa People Sing New Songs”.24 .According (o the FAO, over 155 million people experienced serious food insecurity in 2020, (he highest number in the past five years. This was caused by conflict, extreme weather events and economic shocks(relate) to COVID-19.25 .In recent years, “Made in China has increasingly been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture(offer) by homegrown Chinese brands, or simply “China -Chic.26 .Green tea has many health benefits. More studies suggest that aside from its ability to prevent cancer, it is also believed(prevent) certain medical conditions such as heart diseases and infections.27 . Chen Wenqiaochu set an example when he was 14. He performed CPR (心肺复苏术)on a cleaner at his school,(save) the man's life in 2013.28 .They voluntarily brought their refrigerators to make ice and delivered icy (drink) water for the firefighters.29 .Every person in this world has their own unique experiences and challenges一and just because they aren' t universaL it doesn' t mean they aren' t there. That' s where the Human Libraiy project conies in. It gives us a chance(explore) the stories chat we might never know about otherwise.30 .Fcnghuang itself docs have a section of rebuilt Ming city walls(run) along its riverbank,