备战高考2023年全国通用英语复习考点汇编31-阅读理解应用文（重难题型）（解析版）.docx

考点31阅读理解应用文（重难题型）应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、 新闻报道等，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格等。英语考试说明对“读”的能力要求之一是：要 求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章并能识别 不同文体的特征。研读近年全国各地的高考试题可以看出，应用文是高考阅读理解命题的重要体裁之一。 现简要介绍应用文的特点、类型和解题技巧。一、应用文阅读试题的文体特点应用文不同于其他文体的文章，其目的是为了向读者传输信息、，措辞简洁明了，直截了当.一般说来, 应用文英语阅读试题具有以下特点：1 .选材特点信息量大，文句精炼，形式灵活，用最少的篇幅表达最大量的信息。2 .内容特点生活化，实用化，多样化，如产品宣传、服务介绍、通知、海报、启示、招生招聘等。3 .形式特点标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章的结构更鲜明。4 .语言特点人名、地名、专有名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；结构不完整。5 .命题特点主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题 的考查，题目设置相对较容易。二、应用文的主要类型应用文的类型主要有：同主题广告，混合型广告，规则、通知、咨询问答、注意事项等，指南，书评、 问卷调查、告示、参观须知、申请书、个人简介等。三、应用文解题技巧点拨高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前 提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形（如同义改写、词性转换等），因此要找到答 案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是 文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：1 .先题后文先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。2 .题干定向根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同一对号入座；问题与 原文相同一同义替换、归纳事实等。scooters home for free, which isn't a bad way to get back to your dorm.（如果你有晚课，报名充电有两个好处。 首先，每还一辆充满电的小型摩托车，你就能赚5到20美元。你还可以免费骑摩托车回家，这是回宿舍 的好方法）”可知，Charge scooters吸引人的地方是它会给为小型摩托车充电的骑车人付钱。故选A项。12. 【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。通过全文，并结合第一段“Side hustles for college students deliver spending money while still offering the flexibility that a full class schedule requires4适合大学生的兼职，既能得到零用钱，又能保证 完整课程表所要求的灵活性）”可知，本文主要介绍了四份适合大学生的兼职。故选B项。Passage 5（2022重庆一中模拟预测）Monthly subscription （订阅）educational boxes for students can be a great way to develop an interest in a particular subject. If you want to learn something at home while having fun, you can have educational boxes delivered monthly straight to your house.Spangler BoxesThe Spangler boxes feature a range of hands-on scientific experiments designed by Steve Spangler, a former TY host of a popular science education program on News for Kids. Projects focus on STEM-science, technology, engineering, and math. Examples of projects include exploring lava （岩浆）science, the sound waves, and physical laws.Finders Seekers BoxesAfter receiving a Finders Seekers box, you'll explore characters of a new city and culture every month while solving puzzles. Think of Finders Seekers as an escape room challenge that takes place in your living room. Clues and online research tools are available to help in case you get stuck solving the mystery. Each puzzle takes approximately two to four hours to complete.Creation BoxesCreation teaches students electronics, digital tips and high-level problem-solving. Each box teaches a lesson and is progressively more challenging. A sampling of the projects includes a mood lamp, an electronic memory game, and a distance detector using an ultrasonic sensor （超声传感器）.Kiwi Doodle BoxesKiwi Doodle Boxes are among the most popular boxes on the market. They feature a variety of themes customized to students aged from 8 to 18. Doodle focuses on art and design with projects such as a felt succulent （肉质植物）garden, a faux （人造的）leather sample set, and handmade soap. Doodle projects introduce students to new crafting materials and techniques and al craft supplies are included in the box.13. Which of the following is included in Finders Seekers Boxes?A. Features of cities.B. Online instructions.C. Historical mysteries.D. Escape room challenges.14. Which box will be suitable for students of different ages?A.Creation Boxes.B.Spangler Science Boxes.C.Kiwi Doodle Boxes.D.Finders Seekers Boxes.15. Where is the text most likely from?A.A research report.B.A scientific journal.C. A magazine for kids.D. An engineering textbook.【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍四种“教育盒子工.【答案】A【解析 1 细节理解题。根据 Finders Seekers Boxes 下的内容“After receiving a Finders Seekers box, you'll explore characters of a new city and culture every month while solving puzzles."（收至Finders-Seeders 搜索框后， 您将每月在解决谜题的同时探索新城市和新文化的人物。）可知，通过Finders Seekers Boxes可以了解城 市。故选A项。13 .【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据 Kiwi Doodle Boxes 下的内容"They feature a variety of themes customized to students aged from 8 to 18.”（它们的特点是为8至18岁的学生定制了各种主题。）可知，Kiwi Doodle Boxes 适合不同年龄的学生。故选C项。14 .【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Monthly subscription （订阅）educational boxes for students can be a great way to develop an interest in a particular subject."（每月为学生订阅教育盒子是培养学生对某一特定学科兴趣 的好方法。）可知，文章最可能来源于儿童杂志。故选C项。Passage 6（2022山东德州市教育科学研究院三模）Best Books to Make Your 2022 Happier, Brighter and MoreCreativeTo discover natureToday's urban living makes it easy for us to feel divorced from nature. Like so many others, we are feeling the call of the wild. Urban Wild by Helen Rook is out in February and full of positive suggestions to help you discover wildness on your doorstep. The month-by-month format is such a great tool for discovery and will tell you exactly what to look out fbr each season. Melinda Salisbury's The Way Back is a change on the traditional monthly almanac （历书）and a truly modern guide back to natural rhythms, which is designed for those who feel most removed from the old ways and cycles.To go in for sportsFinding an exercise that you enjoy-one that you want to stick to because it's so much funis a surefire way to have you bounding into the year. Take a stroll with 52 Ways To Walk. Annabel Streets digs into the science and romanticism of walking and explores the good things that can happen with this one small act. And the classic Running Like A Girl is still a hugely inspiring book that will make you want to pull your sports shoes on before you've finished chapter two.To find your creativityFrom its tiniest details to its most dramatic events, your story is a sacred gift. But how do you find and tell that story? Nikesh Shukla's new book Your Story Matters is out on March 17 and it's full of writing inspiration to help you with your own stories. Julia Cameron's classic The Artist s Way turns 30 this year. Her program for creative recovery begins with the Morning Pages, a daily writing ritual of three pages of stream-of-conscious, and the Artist Date, a dedicated block of time to nurture your inner artist.15 . What is special about Urban Wild?A. It comes out every month.B. It shows traditional life styles.C. It marks the start of each season.D. It promotes nature in the city.16 . Which book will fire your love for exercise?A. The Way Back.B. The Artists Way.C. Running Like A Girl.D. Your Story Matters.18 . What is the Morning Pages by Julia Cameron?A. A creative writing task.C - A famous artistic work.B. A book on her own story.D. A diary of classic writers.【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要推荐数本让你的2022年更快乐、更光明、更有创造力的书籍。16 .【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据 To discover nature 小标题下的“Urban Wild by Helen Rook is out in February and full of positive suggestions to help you discover wildness on your doorstep.（海伦鲁克的都市荒野将于 2 月出 版，书中充满了帮助你发现家门口荒野的积极建议广可知。也加W队/的特别之处在于告诉你在城市里发现 自然美。故选D项。17 .【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据 To go in for sports 小标题下的“And the classic Running Like A Girl is still a hugely inspiring book that will make you want to pull your sports shoes on before you've finished chapter two.（经典的像女孩一样跑步仍然是一本非常鼓舞人心的书，它会让你在读完第二章之前就想穿上运动鞋）''可知 Running Like A Girl这本书能激发你对运动的热爱。故选C项。18 .【答案】A解析】细节理解题。根据 To find your creativity 小标题 F 的“Her program for creative recovery begins with the Morning Pages, a daily writing ritual of three pages of stream-of-conscious（她恢复创造力的计戈从 Morning Pages开始，这是一种每天三页的意识流写作仪式）”可知Morning Pages是一种创造性的写作任务。故选A 项。Passage 7（2022湖北黄冈中学模拟预测）Graphic Novel （漫画小 Making Contest 2022June 1-July 31, 2022All comics fans, artists, and storytellers: You are invited to enter San Jose Public Library's Graphic Novel Making Contest for all ages.Submission Guidelines Create your own graphic novel with a maximum length of 8 pages. Each submission must be the creative and original work of the submitting author / illustrator. Computer generated images are acceptable as long as they are your original work. Entries are encouraged to be submitted digitally by emailing to graphicnovelssjlibrary.org （as a PNG, JPEG, or PDF attachment）. Digital entries can be submitted no later than 11:59 pm on July 31,2022. Entries can also be submitted to any operating San Jose Public Library location no later than the end of the business day on July 31, 2022.Age Groups and Prizes Children (0-9) & Pre-Teens (10-12): Gift and art supply baskets awarded for first, second, and third place winners of each group. Art supply pouches (小袋子)for two honorable mention winners of each group. Teens (13-17): First place $100; second place $75; third place $50. Art supply pouches for two honorable mention winners. Adults (18+): First place $100; second place $75; third place $50. An art supply pouch fbr one honorable mention winner.All cash prizes will be awarded as gift cards.Awards CeremonySave the date for our virtual Awards Ceremony on August 28, 2022 at 2:00-4:00pm. At this awards ceremony, contest winners will be announced and guest speakers will offer inspirational messages to contest participants. Register to receive a videoconferencing invitation.19 . Which of the following will result in disqualification?A. Submitting computer generated images.B. Emailing your entry on July 30, 2022.C. Sending a graphic novel of 10 pages.D. Mailing your entry to San Jose Public Library.20 . What will a 16-year-old first prize winner get?A.$75 in cash.B.A $100 gift card.C.An art supply pouch.D.A gift and art supply basket.21 . What do we know about the Awards Ceremony?A.It will be held online.B.It will take placeon July 31, 2022.C.Winners will give speeches at it.D.Winners will getits invitationin advance.【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了关于2022年漫画小说制作比赛的相关事宜。19 .【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章的第一个小标题Submission Guidelines中的第一点“Create your own graphic novel with a maximum length of 8 pages.(创作自己的漫画小说，长度不超过8页。厂可知，参赛作品的最大 长度限制是8页，所以一部长度为10页的漫画小说将会被取消资格。故选C项。20 .【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。由文章的第二个小标题Age Groups and Prizes中的第二点“Teens (13-17): First place $100; second place $75; third place $50. Art supply pouches for two honorable mention winners.( 青少年 (13-17 岁)：第一名100美元；第二名75美元；第三名50美元。两位荣誉获奖者将获得艺术用品袋。厂以及最 后一句话“All cash prizes will be awarded as gift cards.(所有现金奖励将以礼品卡形式发放。)“可知，一位16 岁的第一名获奖者将会得到一张价值100美元的礼品卡。故选B项。21 .【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。由文章最后一个小标题Awards Ceremony中的“Save the date for our virtual Awards Ceremony on August 28, 2022 at 2:00-4:00pm.(请为我们于 2022 年 8 月 28 日下午 2:00-4:00 举行的虚拟颁奖 典礼预留时间。)”和“Register to receive a videoconferencing invitation.(请注册以接收视频会议邀请)”可知， 此次漫画小说竞赛的颁奖礼将在线上举行。故选A项。真题过关2022年高考真题】L【2022年新高考I卷A篇】Grading Policies for Introduction to LiteratureGrading Scale90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.Essays (60%)Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 =15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30%)Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业)during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class* lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.Late WorkAn essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.21. Where is this text probably taken from?A. A textbook.B. An exam paper.C. A course plan.D. An academic article.22. How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?A. You will receive a zero.B. You will lose a letter grade.C. You will be given a test.D. You will have to rewrite it.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。21 .【答案】C【解析】推理判断题°根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)” 和 Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of fbr this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)''可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文 是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。22 .【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据黑体小标题"Essays (60%)"、"Group Assignments (30%)"和"Daily Work/In-ClassWritings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework （10%）”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。23 .【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。根据"Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.（如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分）”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将 会得零分。故选A项。2. 2021年全国甲卷A篇】Theatres and EntertainmentSt Davidas HallSt David's Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff's entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AHThe Glee ClubEvery weekend this is "Wales“ premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn't been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF 10 5BZSherman CymruSherman Cymru's theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity （机会）to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YENew TheatreThe New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children's shows fbr more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.Park Place, Cardiff CF 10 3LN21. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?A. At the New Theatre.B. At the Glee Club.C. At Sherman Cymru.D. At St David's Hall.22. What can people do at the Glee Club?A. Watch musicals.C. See family shows.B. Enjoy comedies.D. Do creative things.23. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff's oldest surviving theatre?A. B. C. D. 【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了 Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。21 .【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章“St David's Hall”部分